Learning Map

Learning at age 5

Around age 5 (foundation), children are typically working on 297 skills across 8 subjects — from English to Learning to Learn. Every skill links to what it builds on, so you can always step back a rung.

297 skillsfoundation

Ages are typical, not deadlines. A skill appears here when age 5 falls inside its typical range.

English

Reading for MeaningEnglish Thinkingages 5–6 Building sentencesGrammar & Punctuationages 4–6 Spaces Between WordsGrammar & Punctuationages 4–6 Basic Nouns & VerbsGrammar & Punctuationages 5–6 Capitals for Names, Days and IGrammar & Punctuationages 5–7 Grammar words: letter, word, sentenceGrammar & Punctuationages 5–6 Joining Words with 'And'Grammar & Punctuationages 5–7 PrepositionsGrammar & Punctuationages 5–7 Question WordsGrammar & Punctuationages 5–6 Regular Plural NounsGrammar & Punctuationages 5–6 Starting and Ending SentencesGrammar & Punctuationages 5–8 Sitting and holding a pencilHandwriting & Transcriptionages 4–6 Forming Capital LettersHandwriting & Transcriptionages 5–6 Letter Formation FamiliesHandwriting & Transcriptionages 5–6 Writing digits 0-9Handwriting & Transcriptionages 5–6 Blending Sounds to Read WordsPhonics & Word Readingages 4–7 Consonant DigraphsPhonics & Word Readingages 4–7 Knowing all lettersPhonics & Word Readingages 4–6 Onsets & RimesPhonics & Word Readingages 4–7 Rhyming wordsPhonics & Word Readingages 4–6 Single Letter SoundsPhonics & Word Readingages 4–6 Understanding printPhonics & Word Readingages 4–6 Vowel DigraphsPhonics & Word Readingages 4–7 Compound WordsPhonics & Word Readingages 5–8 Diphthongs and complex vowelsPhonics & Word Readingages 5–6 R-Controlled Vowel SoundsPhonics & Word Readingages 5–6 Reading ContractionsPhonics & Word Readingages 5–6 Reading fluentlyPhonics & Word Readingages 5–7 Reading High-Frequency Words by SightPhonics & Word Readingages 5–8 Reading Inflectional EndingsPhonics & Word Readingages 5–7 Split Digraphs and Magic EPhonics & Word Readingages 5–7 SyllablesPhonics & Word Readingages 5–6 TrigraphsPhonics & Word Readingages 5–6 Predicting what happens nextReading Comprehensionages 4–10 Book Features and Author's ReasonsReading Comprehensionages 5–8 Characters, settings, and eventsReading Comprehensionages 5–8 Comparing Characters Across StoriesReading Comprehensionages 5–9 Connecting reading to experienceReading Comprehensionages 5–7 Different Types of TextsReading Comprehensionages 5–7 Discussing Texts as a GroupReading Comprehensionages 5–10 Listening to Texts Read AloudReading Comprehensionages 5–10 Main Topic of Informational TextsReading Comprehensionages 5–7 Pictures and Text Working TogetherReading Comprehensionages 5–9 Reading between the linesReading Comprehensionages 5–10 Self-Correcting While ReadingReading Comprehensionages 5–11 Asking QuestionsSpeaking & Listeningages 4–11 Describing AloudSpeaking & Listeningages 4–8 Exploring Ideas Through TalkSpeaking & Listeningages 4–6 Expressing & Justifying OpinionsSpeaking & Listeningages 4–6 Group discussionsSpeaking & Listeningages 4–11 Listening and respondingSpeaking & Listeningages 4–11 Phonics VocabularySpelling & Word Studyages 4–7 Segmenting words into soundsSpelling & Word Studyages 4–7 Spelling from DictationSpelling & Word Studyages 5–8 Spelling Verb EndingsSpelling & Word Studyages 5–6 The Prefix un-Spelling & Word Studyages 5–6 Tricky wordsSpelling & Word Studyages 5–8 Discussing and Questioning New WordsVocabularyages 5–11 Shades of MeaningVocabularyages 5–9 Sorting & Categorising WordsVocabularyages 5–8 Using New VocabularyVocabularyages 5–9 Word Parts as CluesVocabularyages 5–8 Responding to Writing FeedbackWriting Compositionages 5–7 Saying Sentences Before Writing ThemWriting Compositionages 5–6 Shared Research ProjectsWriting Compositionages 5–9 Sharing and Publishing Your WritingWriting Compositionages 5–11 Simple Stories with Beginning and EndingWriting Compositionages 5–7 Writing opinionsWriting Compositionages 5–7 Writing Process VocabularyWriting Compositionages 5–8 Writing to informWriting Compositionages 5–7

Browse English domains: English Thinking · Grammar & Punctuation · Handwriting & Transcription · Phonics & Word Reading · Reading Comprehension · Speaking & Listening · Spelling & Word Study · Vocabulary · Writing Composition

Mathematics

Addition and subtraction word problemsAddition & Subtractionages 4–6 Addition as combining or putting together twoAddition & Subtractionages 4–6 Number bonds to 9Addition & Subtractionages 4–6 Numbers up to 10 into pairsAddition & Subtractionages 4–6 Representing Addition and SubtractionAddition & Subtractionages 4–6 Subtraction as taking away or separatingAddition & Subtractionages 4–6 Adding and subtractingAddition & Subtractionages 5–6 Early Word ProblemsAddition & Subtractionages 5–7 Fluent adding and subtracting within 5Addition & Subtractionages 5–6 Number bondsAddition & Subtractionages 5–6 Reading +, −, and = symbolsAddition & Subtractionages 5–6 Comparing groups: more or fewerCounting & Cardinalityages 4–6 How Many in Total?Counting & Cardinalityages 4–6 One More Each TimeCounting & Cardinalityages 4–6 One-to-one countingCounting & Cardinalityages 4–6 Representing numbers with objectsCounting & Cardinalityages 4–6 Counting in 2sCounting & Cardinalityages 5–7 Counting objects to 20Counting & Cardinalityages 5–6 Rote counting to 100Counting & Cardinalityages 5–6 Two written numerals between 1 and 10Counting & Cardinalityages 5–6 Sorting into categoriesData & Statisticsages 5–6 Finding halves and quarters (age 5+)Fractionsages 5–6 What Is a Half?Fractionsages 5–6 2-D shapesGeometryages 4–6 3-D shapesGeometryages 4–6 Positional LanguageGeometryages 4–6 3-D shapes (age 5+)Geometryages 5–6 Building & Drawing ShapesGeometryages 5–6 Combining Simple ShapesGeometryages 5–6 Flat vs Solid ShapesGeometryages 5–6 Turns & DirectionsGeometryages 5–6 Early Maths VocabularyMathematical Thinkingages 5–6 Finding efficient methodsMathematical Thinkingages 5–6 Hands-On Problem SolvingMathematical Thinkingages 5–6 Making Sense of ProblemsMathematical Thinkingages 5–6 Real-World to Maths ConnectionsMathematical Thinkingages 5–6 Showing Your WorkingMathematical Thinkingages 5–6 Spotting mathematical patternsMathematical Thinkingages 5–6 Using objects to model real problemsMathematical Thinkingages 5–6 Comparing CapacityMeasurementages 4–6 Comparing durationsMeasurementages 4–6 Comparing Lengths & HeightsMeasurementages 4–6 Measurable Attributes of ObjectsMeasurementages 4–6 Measuring mass and weight (age 4+)Measurementages 4–6 Ordering Events in TimeMeasurementages 4–6 Capacity and volumeMeasurementages 5–6 Coin ValuesMeasurementages 5–6 Days, Weeks, Months & YearsMeasurementages 5–6 Measuring length and height (age 5+)Measurementages 5–6 Measuring mass and weightMeasurementages 5–6 Telling time to the minuteMeasurementages 5–6 Telling Time: Hours and Half HoursMeasurementages 5–6 Division as equal sharingMultiplication & Divisionages 4–6 Arrays for multiplicationMultiplication & Divisionages 5–6 Multiplication as repeated additionMultiplication & Divisionages 5–6 Number Words to TwentyNumber Representation & Place Valueages 5–6 Reading and writing numbers to 100Number Representation & Place Valueages 5–6 Reading and writing numbers to 20Number Representation & Place Valueages 5–6 The teen numbersNumber Representation & Place Valueages 5–7

Browse Mathematics domains: Addition & Subtraction · Counting & Cardinality · Data & Statistics · Fractions · Geometry · Mathematical Thinking · Measurement · Multiplication & Division · Number Representation & Place Value

Science

Animal CamouflageAnimals of the Worldages 5–7 Animal HomesAnimals of the Worldages 5–7 Animal Record-HoldersAnimals of the Worldages 5–7 Animals EverywhereAnimals of the Worldages 5–7 How Animals Have BabiesAnimals of the Worldages 5–7 Nocturnal AnimalsAnimals of the Worldages 5–7 Wild, Farm & Pet AnimalsAnimals of the Worldages 5–7 Dinosaur SizesDinosaurs & Paleontologyages 5–7 Dinosaurs Were RealDinosaurs & Paleontologyages 5–7 Famous Dinosaur SpeciesDinosaurs & Paleontologyages 5–7 Fossils & PalaeontologistsDinosaurs & Paleontologyages 5–7 Plant-Eaters vs Meat-EatersDinosaurs & Paleontologyages 5–7 Real Dinosaurs vs FictionDinosaurs & Paleontologyages 5–7 How Organisms Shape HabitatsEarth's Systemsages 5–6 Local weather patternsEarth's Systemsages 5–6 Seasonal changesEarth's Systemsages 5–6 Plants and animals in their habitatsEcosystems & Habitatsages 5–6 Reducing Human ImpactEcosystems & Habitatsages 5–6 Building shade from the sunEnergyages 5–6 Sunlight warms things upEnergyages 5–6 Forces VocabularyForces & Motionages 5–8 Pushes & PullsForces & Motionages 5–6 Testing Push & Pull DesignsForces & Motionages 5–6 Caring for minibeastsInsects & Minibeastsages 5–7 Caterpillar to butterflyInsects & Minibeastsages 5–7 Common minibeasts: naming and recognisingInsects & Minibeastsages 5–7 How minibeasts moveInsects & Minibeastsages 5–7 Minibeast HabitatsInsects & Minibeastsages 5–7 Minibeasts in the food chainInsects & Minibeastsages 5–7 What is a minibeast?Insects & Minibeastsages 5–7 Describing Material PropertiesMatter & Materialsages 5–6 Grouping MaterialsMatter & Materialsages 5–6 Naming Everyday MaterialsMatter & Materialsages 5–6 Objects vs MaterialsMatter & Materialsages 5–6 States of Matter VocabularyMatter & Materialsages 5–7 Coasts & BeachesOcean Lifeages 5–7 Ocean Animal VarietyOcean Lifeages 5–7 Ocean Food ChainsOcean Lifeages 5–7 Rock Pool HabitatsOcean Lifeages 5–7 Whales & Dolphins Are MammalsOcean Lifeages 5–7 What Is the Ocean?Ocean Lifeages 5–7 What Ocean Animals NeedOcean Lifeages 5–7 Animal Body GroupsOrganisms & Life Processesages 5–7 Body Parts & SensesOrganisms & Life Processesages 5–6 Common Plants & TreesOrganisms & Life Processesages 5–6 Herbivores, Carnivores & OmnivoresOrganisms & Life Processesages 5–6 Living Things VocabularyOrganisms & Life Processesages 5–7 Naming Common AnimalsOrganisms & Life Processesages 5–6 Parts of a PlantOrganisms & Life Processesages 5–6 What Living Things NeedOrganisms & Life Processesages 5–7 Arctic vs AntarcticPolar Regionsages 5–7 Brave Polar ExplorersPolar Regionsages 5–7 Ice & SnowPolar Regionsages 5–7 Midnight Sun & Polar NightPolar Regionsages 5–7 PenguinsPolar Regionsages 5–7 Polar AnimalsPolar Regionsages 5–7 Polar BearsPolar Regionsages 5–7 Where Are the Poles?Polar Regionsages 5–7 Everyday Foods from RainforestsRainforestsages 5–7 Indigenous Rainforest PeoplesRainforestsages 5–7 Inside a RainforestRainforestsages 5–7 Rainforest AnimalsRainforestsages 5–7 Rainforest InsectsRainforestsages 5–7 Rainforest LayersRainforestsages 5–7 Rainforest PlantsRainforestsages 5–7 What Is a Rainforest?Rainforestsages 5–7 Where Rainforests AreRainforestsages 5–7 Asking scientific questionsScientific Inquiryages 5–8 Comparing Design SolutionsScientific Inquiryages 5–8 Modelling with SketchesScientific Inquiryages 5–8 Observing with simple equipmentScientific Inquiryages 5–7 Recording DataScientific Inquiryages 5–7 Simple tests and experimentsScientific Inquiryages 5–7 Moon PhasesSpace Explorationages 5–7 Our Solar SystemSpace Explorationages 5–7 Spotting ConstellationsSpace Explorationages 5–7 Sun, Moon & StarsSpace Explorationages 5–7 What Astronauts DoSpace Explorationages 5–7 Naming the PlanetsSpace Systems & Earth's Historyages 5–8 Why seasons changeSpace Systems & Earth's Historyages 5–7 Basic Body NeedsThe Human Bodyages 5–7 Bones & MusclesThe Human Bodyages 5–7 How Breathing WorksThe Human Bodyages 5–7 The Brain Controls the BodyThe Human Bodyages 5–7 The Five SensesThe Human Bodyages 5–7 The Heart & BloodThe Human Bodyages 5–7 Earth Is Made of RockVolcanoes & Earthquakesages 5–7 Earthquake SafetyVolcanoes & Earthquakesages 5–7 Fast & Slow Earth ChangesVolcanoes & Earthquakesages 5–7 Power of EruptionsVolcanoes & Earthquakesages 5–7 What Is a VolcanoVolcanoes & Earthquakesages 5–7 What Is an EarthquakeVolcanoes & Earthquakesages 5–7 Dressing for the WeatherWeather & Climateages 5–7 Rain & PuddlesWeather & Climateages 5–7 Seasons & Weather PatternsWeather & Climateages 5–7 Storm SafetyWeather & Climateages 5–7 Temperature & ThermometersWeather & Climateages 5–7 Types of WeatherWeather & Climateages 5–7 Weather Forecasting & SafetyWeather & Climateages 5–6 What Is Wind?Weather & Climateages 5–7

Browse Science domains: Animals of the World · Dinosaurs & Paleontology · Earth's Systems · Ecosystems & Habitats · Energy · Forces & Motion · Insects & Minibeasts · Matter & Materials · Ocean Life · Organisms & Life Processes · Polar Regions · Rainforests · Scientific Inquiry · Space Exploration · Space Systems & Earth's History · The Human Body · Volcanoes & Earthquakes · Weather & Climate

History

Browse History domains: Ancient Egypt · Ancient Greece & Rome · Medieval Times

Computing

Browse Computing domains: Artificial Intelligence

Personal & Social Development

Expressing Feelings with WordsEmotional Literacyages 5–7 Feelings Change and DifferEmotional Literacyages 5–7 Naming Basic EmotionsEmotional Literacyages 5–7 Triggers and Causes of FeelingsEmotional Literacyages 5–7 Everyday Kindness and CareEmpathy & Social Awarenessages 5–7 Other People's Feelings and ThoughtsEmpathy & Social Awarenessages 5–7 Similarities & DifferencesEmpathy & Social Awarenessages 5–7 Vocabulary: understanding othersEmpathy & Social Awarenessages 5–8 Asking for HelpFriendship & Cooperationages 5–7 Listening to OthersFriendship & Cooperationages 5–7 Makes someone a good friendFriendship & Cooperationages 5–7 Taking Turns and SharingFriendship & Cooperationages 5–7 Vocabulary: working with othersFriendship & Cooperationages 5–8 Actions and Their ConsequencesResponsible Decision-Makingages 5–7 Everyday Safety AwarenessResponsible Decision-Makingages 5–7 Right and Wrong ChoicesResponsible Decision-Makingages 5–7 Rules and agreements existResponsible Decision-Makingages 5–7 Vocabulary: making decisions and keeping safeResponsible Decision-Makingages 5–8 Naming Your FeelingsSelf-Awarenessages 5–6 Vocabulary: selfSelf-Awarenessages 5–10 Coping with Life ChangesSelf-Regulation & Resilienceages 5–7 Learning from MistakesSelf-Regulation & Resilienceages 5–7 Patience and Delayed GratificationSelf-Regulation & Resilienceages 5–7 Simple Calming StrategiesSelf-Regulation & Resilienceages 5–7 Words for Big FeelingsSelf-Regulation & Resilienceages 5–8

Browse Personal & Social Development domains: Emotional Literacy · Empathy & Social Awareness · Friendship & Cooperation · Responsible Decision-Making · Self-Awareness · Self-Regulation & Resilience

Life Skills

Browse Life Skills domains: Entrepreneurship · Money & Finance

Learning to Learn

Browse Learning to Learn domains: Learning to Learn