{ "version": "v1", "note": "`topicId` depends on `prerequisiteId` (the prerequisite). Directed edges of a DAG.", "edgeCount": 3221, "dependencies": [ { "topicId": "mt__00ZSLnB7p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VBl1T1sFCM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand vibrations make sound before finding volume patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt__00ZSLnB7p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YPSx5pbpVl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding patterns in volume requires 'volume' and 'vibration' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_02DH7sGXCi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H7DquwQi_F", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Capital letter formation supports correct sizing in joined writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_02DH7sGXCi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBfj79OqXz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Joining letters builds on Y1 lowercase letter formation" }, { "topicId": "mt_07Geg7LITa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oNWXXAn3cn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand basic insect features before studying how they are adapted for survival" }, { "topicId": "mt_09sySPqM9Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding a/b as a parts of size 1/b is prerequisite to understanding a/b as sum of 1/b" }, { "topicId": "mt_0ajzcoKAKw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M7XhBBzYof", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Modelling movement of matter through ecosystems requires nutrient cycle and decomposer vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_0ajzcoKAKw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NDZYiLvApW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Biodiversity/ecosystems enriched by curriculum matter movement in ecosystems" }, { "topicId": "mt_0ajzcoKAKw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oB-L8EVdIP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand food chains with producers/predators before modelling matter cycling through ecosystem" }, { "topicId": "mt_0ajzcoKAKw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PYPs2yD2sn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Energy flow from sun through organisms supports understanding matter cycling" }, { "topicId": "mt_0ajzcoKAKw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4OYcWJs6H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean ecosystems parallels curriculum matter movement in ecosystems" }, { "topicId": "mt_0B64gfJf7j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic plant needs before observing germination and growth" }, { "topicId": "mt_-0cjwyYhce", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FZ_ixwU1p1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what a rainforest is before learning its four layers" }, { "topicId": "mt_0e5rZxbAeR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mTpV-0rtkO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recycling as a solution links to reducing CO₂ emissions from mining and smelting" }, { "topicId": "mt_0e5rZxbAeR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zsYW61cn_q", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding resource depletion for metals connects to knowing how metals are extracted and how difficult that is" }, { "topicId": "mt_0ewYhTSHtP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0VOZSVjo6c", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced resilience skills depends on foundational advanced self-regulation" }, { "topicId": "mt_0ewYhTSHtP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cJjnPjuvCU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced resilience skills depends on earlier coping strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_0FYFiLTqx4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2DBPJ38iWl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing about kings enriches Robin Hood and King Arthur stories" }, { "topicId": "mt_0FYFiLTqx4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M_xcaRcvSo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knight knowledge enriches understanding of King Arthur legends" }, { "topicId": "mt_0_K-GrKQpd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wUSbRt3-qw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interpreting cross-section diagrams of Earth builds on the skill of identifying 3-D shapes from 2-D representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_0MfpLj0Uhb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Wide reading experience across genres provides the foundation for making informed book recommendations" }, { "topicId": "mt_0MfpLj0Uhb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5yDTWEiyQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recommending books with reasons and comparing across authors requires reflecting on one's reading experience — the universal learning-reflection habit applied to reading" }, { "topicId": "mt_0MfpLj0Uhb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yHQacItlhf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recommending books requires ability to identify themes and conventions across genres to articulate what makes a book worth reading" }, { "topicId": "mt_0NlbulkB5P", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7hB8s5eOP1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The digestive system is an organ system — the hierarchy concept gives the structural framework" }, { "topicId": "mt_0NlbulkB5P", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ruk2-lyGPZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 digestive system (enzymes, organs in detail) extends KS2 basic digestive system overview" }, { "topicId": "mt_0NlbulkB5P", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sDmrVCfzqt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Digestion is the mechanism by which nutrients from diet become available to cells" }, { "topicId": "mt_0QJoKWABdC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comma after fronted adverbial extends comma usage introduced for lists" }, { "topicId": "mt_0QJoKWABdC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uorNrPTh6U", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fronted adverbials build on understanding conjunctions, adverbs, and prepositions to express time and cause" }, { "topicId": "mt_0Rx1ISxXFE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HPf-dVtA3p", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fair trade awareness extends naturally to understanding global trade" }, { "topicId": "mt_0Rx1ISxXFE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_udgPy5oAvR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand basic economics (supply/demand, producers/consumers) before exploring international trade" }, { "topicId": "mt_0sELh0MYWb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6aJUzBYGNs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "DNA structure and replication depends on chromosomes and Mendelian inheritance" }, { "topicId": "mt_0T0Zf0YG6k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AstzvYDU2m", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum skill of evaluating scientific evidence supports evaluating competing dinosaur explanations" }, { "topicId": "mt_0T0Zf0YG6k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JBWMqZVO7S", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating competing scientific explanations about dinosaurs requires understanding how palaeontologists gather and interpret evidence in the field and lab — methodology underpins evidence evaluation" }, { "topicId": "mt_0T0Zf0YG6k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M8UQTURODF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating competing scientific explanations is enriched by understanding how palaeoart works — students who know that dinosaur reconstructions involve informed speculation can better distinguish evidence from interpretation" }, { "topicId": "mt_0T0Zf0YG6k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oH1XC8aQYn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating competing scientific explanations about dinosaurs is enriched by knowing about the global distribution of dinosaur species and how continental evidence informs competing theories" }, { "topicId": "mt_0T0Zf0YG6k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QHKqckBdAk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The extinction debate is a key example of evaluating competing explanations" }, { "topicId": "mt_0T0Zf0YG6k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_T8JGTJ-oNI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The bird-dinosaur connection is an example of scientific knowledge evolving with new evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_0u3QNroZ34", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FZ_ixwU1p1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what a rainforest is before learning where they are located" }, { "topicId": "mt_0u4KLbvBa1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LpSuPgL31x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Odd/even is about whether a number can be divided into 2 equal groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_0u4KLbvBa1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Even numbers connect to counting in 2s" }, { "topicId": "mt_0VOZSVjo6c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Amw5ikSSQI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced self-regulation depends on earlier self-control skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_0VOZSVjo6c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j8Pv3s7TZR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced self-regulation depends on earlier foundational self-regulation" }, { "topicId": "mt_0Wg5F97osg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FHIAv6dfhU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Factor/multiple knowledge is prerequisite to solving problems with them" }, { "topicId": "mt_0Wg5F97osg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gxCIASSezX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Square/cube number knowledge is prerequisite to solving problems with them" }, { "topicId": "mt_0wUwxyBs5y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0QJoKWABdC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Introductory element commas build on fronted adverbials" }, { "topicId": "mt_0wUwxyBs5y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Introductory-element comma use builds on broader comma awareness from list punctuation" }, { "topicId": "mt_0XxyaQLRhn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fR0UtsSREU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading a clock requires recognising numerals 1–12" }, { "topicId": "mt_0XxyaQLRhn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-hTTat0mBR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding 'half past' benefits from the concept of halves" }, { "topicId": "mt_0XxyaQLRhn", "prerequisiteId": "mt__N55B7u7HD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Telling time on a clock requires understanding hours and minutes as time units" }, { "topicId": "mt_0zqOTjjW2k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Desert animals builds on knowing animals live in diverse environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_0zqOTjjW2k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V_wIdRZLsG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Desert nocturnal behaviour builds on understanding nocturnal concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_13CtLTcWUB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zVLOm6U7bh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must identify animal groups before classifying by diet" }, { "topicId": "mt_14F_x1Xwwp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CSGqz245rV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Persian Wars unite Athens and Sparta — need to know both city-states" }, { "topicId": "mt_14OR-MhGJ9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YKkCM63fSC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y3-4 exception words build on recognition of Y1-2 common exception words" }, { "topicId": "mt_14T5yPXUq_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_b7T-CjOYUR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding common denominators requires simplification/common multiples skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_14T5yPXUq_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o_p-3tCxiM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mixed number operations benefit from mixed/improper conversion" }, { "topicId": "mt_14T5yPXUq_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-V7EnqU7gG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Unlike-denominator add/sub extends Y5 add/sub with related denominators" }, { "topicId": "mt_15FduGRf5c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ByXgbTld6R", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have observed Moon phases before learning the causal explanation (reflected sunlight)" }, { "topicId": "mt_15FduGRf5c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w2xiMNkyyX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding orbits helps contextualise the Moon's orbit around Earth" }, { "topicId": "mt_167X6Ax8P7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jf8xcX4UTq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Determining congruence requires constructing triangles from given conditions" }, { "topicId": "mt_167X6Ax8P7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WtIFJSCQIT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Triangle congruence criteria require standard labelling conventions" }, { "topicId": "mt_18fK9sQdIz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DyGBW3ZHh3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Formal short multiplication extends Y3 written multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_18fK9sQdIz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K5jM7vlVhA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Written multiplication requires fluent table facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_18qkgxr_-T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Need noun concept before plural forms" }, { "topicId": "mt_19j_5AuuQI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9L3NQqgqRd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Number line representation skills support placing numbers as lengths" }, { "topicId": "mt_19j_5AuuQI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Number line representations support addition/subtraction within 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_19qy2uuaKp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mMMXD4v9Sh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing ancient life needs knowing where/when these civilisations were" }, { "topicId": "mt_19qy2uuaKp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_P0HBNfp46z", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing ancient lives benefits from prior exposure to Egyptian daily life comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_1badik7iKJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2OtRUM_0zW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Scale diagrams and maps extend KS2 scale-factor work with similar shapes" }, { "topicId": "mt_1badik7iKJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Scale diagrams and maps require 'scale factor' as a precisely defined term" }, { "topicId": "mt_1badik7iKJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FspV_imUGK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scale diagrams use proportional relationships that can be represented on double number lines" }, { "topicId": "mt_1badik7iKJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tpT9brpI6D", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Map scale problems often require converting units (e.g. cm to km)" }, { "topicId": "mt_1dXhJp6qLJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1VSFoM44JU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coprolites are a type of trace fossil — must understand the category first" }, { "topicId": "mt_1dXhJp6qLJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DJh2JPwTf6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding herbivore/carnivore classification helps interpret coprolite contents" }, { "topicId": "mt_1GF5MeNZPA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sUVOS2jH3J", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cross-text comparison extends KS2 making comparisons within and across books" }, { "topicId": "mt_1GF5MeNZPA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wGxq92Na5g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing texts requires identifying themes and central ideas in each" }, { "topicId": "mt_1GVAmcwAiO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QrVF5n7vci", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Provisionality of scientific knowledge is grounded in the habit of always seeking alternative explanations — science revises because scientists keep asking 'is there another way to explain this?'" }, { "topicId": "mt_1GVAmcwAiO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5yDTWEiyQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding that scientific knowledge changes over time requires the universal learning-reflection habit applied at the scale of a whole discipline" }, { "topicId": "mt_1GVAmcwAiO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X0Tr8IYaEd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding that scientific knowledge is provisional requires seeing concrete examples of how apparent patterns and causal claims get revised — the correlation/causation distinction is one key mechanism" }, { "topicId": "mt_1hgck6ucII", "prerequisiteId": "mt_b6kZgqolEd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The distinction between physical and chemical change is clearest at the particle level" }, { "topicId": "mt_1hgck6ucII", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ehC1wsdmUz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 conservation of mass in reactions extends US KS2 evidence that mass is conserved regardless of change type" }, { "topicId": "mt_1hgck6ucII", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rbPioPELM1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 chemical changes deepens KS2 understanding that burning, rusting and acid reactions form new materials" }, { "topicId": "mt_1hgck6ucII", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UKmtuAsSLN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 physical vs chemical changes extends KS2 reversible vs irreversible changes" }, { "topicId": "mt_1hgck6ucII", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z_Wu_77ybI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Chemical changes involve rearrangement of atoms into new substances — atom/compound concepts are required" }, { "topicId": "mt_1KkvzwYxbR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vXRzMbiPff", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting through zero is prerequisite to interpreting negative numbers in context" }, { "topicId": "mt_1LFVPjdGg-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_x5ZrQMAZ5v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know rainforest plants (producers) before constructing food webs" }, { "topicId": "mt_1LFVPjdGg-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xVW5U41tbp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know rainforest animals before constructing food chains with them" }, { "topicId": "mt_1m5ItPiwUK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dRCnJEIwk4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ocean exploration context requires knowing deep sea life exists" }, { "topicId": "mt_1m5ItPiwUK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yxL1v4LuqR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Exploring the deep requires knowing the ocean floor has terrain" }, { "topicId": "mt_1MLi55bPnt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2Um22lTBZV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must relate speed to energy before predicting energy changes in collisions" }, { "topicId": "mt_1nl396BaVa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oLjz18CxDg", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Orbital mechanics depends on understanding gravity as a universal attractive force" }, { "topicId": "mt_1nl396BaVa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y2WcY2lOTK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Applying Newton's laws to orbital motion depends on understanding gravity as a force" }, { "topicId": "mt_-1okUh0Jdv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oVwNnjYPUY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing structures builds on describing text structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_1PAWhRhpdg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4Km38F4L-6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding fraction as division supports reasoning about quotients" }, { "topicId": "mt_1PAWhRhpdg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Whole ÷ unit-fraction uses inverse relationship with fraction multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_1PAWhRhpdg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ifPDOYvUqm", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding unit-fraction ÷ whole helps contrast with whole ÷ unit-fraction" }, { "topicId": "mt_1ro8W1cZYn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_86DyHo9zO3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "English varieties builds on formal/informal register" }, { "topicId": "mt_1VIE8FlZvL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7hB8s5eOP1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The immune response involves specialised cells within organ systems (blood, lymph nodes)" }, { "topicId": "mt_1VIE8FlZvL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g9RcQOhU5d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pathogens are microorganisms — understanding unicellular life forms provides the foundation for understanding how pathogens work" }, { "topicId": "mt_1VmTUxBrNd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3qrCtdoVAU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rearranging a² + b² = c² to find a shorter side uses formula rearrangement" }, { "topicId": "mt_1VmTUxBrNd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_J03RFlVdas", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pythagoras requires understanding triangle angle sums and properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_1VSfm9yiLn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_f8n4txtLej", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: interpreting categorical data by asking/answering questions relies on the English skill of asking relevant questions to seek information" }, { "topicId": "mt_1VSfm9yiLn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ylXdiVRAYv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting data requires having data organised and represented first" }, { "topicId": "mt_1VSFoM44JU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bKlnc7dyVK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand what fossils are before distinguishing body vs trace fossils" }, { "topicId": "mt_1VSFoM44JU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iycQEai3dK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding formation helps contextualise different fossil types" }, { "topicId": "mt_1wxwg782yX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h4abSktujo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing data about inherited traits requires 'inherited characteristic', 'variation', and 'offspring' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_1YwOCMMwD8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XfyqXLqzpx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Enumerating sets for probability requires understanding that all outcomes sum to 1" }, { "topicId": "mt_1z-gJBJFlM", "prerequisiteId": "mt__BbOjiY5A5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand bias before designing systems that avoid it" }, { "topicId": "mt_1z-gJBJFlM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cVp_nop-5L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand AI fairness before designing responsible AI systems" }, { "topicId": "mt_20WfHhnL39", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yqAL6O5i_v", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Counting objects requires choosing appropriate tools (cubes, ten frames)" }, { "topicId": "mt_22XbXTRq50", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4uPnLieBPN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know where the poles are before learning about explorers who went there" }, { "topicId": "mt_26OJ9MetR9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PThM5P7Umd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Village life concepts provide context for Anglo-Saxon settlement" }, { "topicId": "mt_26OJ9MetR9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X5fdB4haHf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Viking knowledge provides contrast and context for Anglo-Saxon Britain" }, { "topicId": "mt_2agkUcdah9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hi8cVycbwn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Modelling/sketching skills support designing a shade structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_2agkUcdah9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iGSfQg3g5c", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe sunlight warming before designing a structure to reduce it" }, { "topicId": "mt_2b6CB0w3Yx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ahSqW_kK1b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Separating mixtures by filtering, sieving, and evaporating requires all three separation process terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_2b6CB0w3Yx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mf-T-fYRLX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand dissolving and solutions before choosing separation methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_2b6CB0w3Yx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know solids/liquids/gases to decide appropriate separation techniques" }, { "topicId": "mt_2bnXrfS4Iq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NzCNuABT3E", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding current as charge flow and voltage as energy per charge requires these exact technical terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_2bnXrfS4Iq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NzNLYDb9CZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding current and voltage as quantities requires the ability to read circuit diagrams with standard symbols, established at KS2" }, { "topicId": "mt_2bnXrfS4Iq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFT_GbkP9m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS2 observation that more cells gives brighter bulbs is the empirical foundation for defining voltage as energy per charge" }, { "topicId": "mt_2DBPJ38iWl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M_xcaRcvSo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knights served kings — understanding knights helps grasp royal power" }, { "topicId": "mt_2DBPJ38iWl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oN7fI4d_kU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Castles as royal residences provide context for understanding kings and queens" }, { "topicId": "mt_2ESZh70NyS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_89riIKwGYp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Unknown angle problems exercise constructing chains of reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_2ESZh70NyS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a3dov8CZkq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 8-9 constructing arguments is prerequisite to age 9-10 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_2ESZh70NyS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SXbZ3bC9z7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing fractions with different denominators requires constructing logical arguments" }, { "topicId": "mt_2ESZh70NyS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Critiquing others' mathematical reasoning and explaining errors applies the universal error-analysis habit to peer arguments" }, { "topicId": "mt_2GDBmKCJxs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9REmUc8r4D", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising that accounts can differ requires first understanding that accounts exist because people left behind evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_2GDBmKCJxs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GLY3R3YSlf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising that different people give different accounts of the same event is the historical application of the English skill of comparing and contrasting two texts on the same topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_2GDBmKCJxs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VXcua6-txq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising that different accounts exist requires 'source', 'perspective', and 'interpretation' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_2GDBmKCJxs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising that accounts diverge in systematic ways — based on who is telling the story — is an application of the universal pattern-recognition habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_2jbUekyTu4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fZTn0W_iZR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 repeated reasoning builds on age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_2jbUekyTu4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IzQvs7k_sE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Skip counting patterns exercise generalising from repetition" }, { "topicId": "mt_2jbUekyTu4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wQ89AEXhz3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Multiplication table patterns exercise repeated reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_2l06snztdP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RioBUxHz1X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "A/an article choice builds on Y2 determiners understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_2l06snztdP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noun knowledge supports understanding article placement" }, { "topicId": "mt_2NfIKEYdbm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9yFAtUkoYr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pronoun-antecedent agreement requires pronoun cohesion knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_2NfIKEYdbm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sZXPK1FnRB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pronoun-antecedent agreement requires secure prior use of personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns" }, { "topicId": "mt_2NfIKEYdbm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u7Jxjjatkh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement extends basic S-V agreement" }, { "topicId": "mt_2NKzPeLzIm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PThM5P7Umd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand daily village life before exploring food and feasting customs" }, { "topicId": "mt_2OSTHTWDpa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_38d-k-dJPa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The Amazon is the primary case study for deforestation" }, { "topicId": "mt_2OSTHTWDpa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pPGaf8bR8r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand biodiversity value before understanding what deforestation destroys" }, { "topicId": "mt_2OSTHTWDpa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Deforestation is a powerful example of environmental change posing dangers to living things (exploratory age 9 -> curriculum age 8). Exploratory depends on curriculum." }, { "topicId": "mt_2oswCNuapH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a6AYrbb7x4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding stereotypes requires knowing 'stereotype', 'prejudice', 'discrimination', and 'bias' as distinct terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_2oswCNuapH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S7UTAhptLi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising stereotypes builds on understanding diverse life experiences" }, { "topicId": "mt_2OtRUM_0zW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scale factor problems often involve computing scaled lengths/perimeters/areas" }, { "topicId": "mt_2OtRUM_0zW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ePXg_XyCKU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scale factor problems for similar shapes can be represented as ratio bar models" }, { "topicId": "mt_2OtRUM_0zW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ESgc4YBw-a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Similar shapes and scale requires 'scale', 'equivalent', and 'proportion' as defined terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_2OtRUM_0zW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h0gJcSuwdL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Scale factor problems are a specific application of ratio/proportion" }, { "topicId": "mt_2OtRUM_0zW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_liIW336odh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Similarity requires understanding shape properties — equal angles, proportional sides" }, { "topicId": "mt_2qkn8Lhc8e", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2bnXrfS4Iq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The magnetic effect of a current requires understanding what an electric current is and how it flows" }, { "topicId": "mt_2qkn8Lhc8e", "prerequisiteId": "mt_56aspHjU19", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Electromagnetism requires prior understanding of magnetic field lines and field direction — established in the magnetic fields topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_2R3xRpYhMa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0NlbulkB5P", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drug effects on the body are best understood in context of the organ systems they affect, including the digestive system" }, { "topicId": "mt_2R3xRpYhMa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2x-EwdBsgl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 recreational drugs (mechanisms, categories) extends KS2 recognition that drugs and lifestyle affect health" }, { "topicId": "mt_2uHYdoxD0H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Surveying understanding across a whole topic requires the strategy-evaluation habit applied at a wider scale" }, { "topicId": "mt_2uHYdoxD0H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5yDTWEiyQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Metacognitive monitoring of a topic requires the reflective habits built in individual learning episodes" }, { "topicId": "mt_2Um22lTBZV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_akBotspaf2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Relating an object's speed to its energy requires 'kinetic energy' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_2Um22lTBZV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B3W5EfimJw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand forces change motion before relating speed to energy" }, { "topicId": "mt_-2VNlwAR5z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4MFUAsbx_6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing ray diagrams requires measuring angles accurately with a protractor — the core skill in mt_4MFUAsbx_6" }, { "topicId": "mt_2VpdPjvewx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wPgpMJ0-PA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Converting to 3dp requires ×÷ by 10/100/1000 skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_2VpdPjvewx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zks8xyInSG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 unit conversion with decimals extends Y5 metric conversion" }, { "topicId": "mt_2VR963szuk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yGv8doDAmp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Modelling shapes by building/drawing requires knowing their attributes (sides, vertices)" }, { "topicId": "mt_2X9Cd38eSJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tHtjfjjFrl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Latin/French suffix spelling patterns (-cious/-tious, -cial/-tial, -ant/-ance/-ent/-ence) build on Y3-4 suffix programme knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_2XDGT5tei1", "prerequisiteId": "mt__N55B7u7HD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Knowing 60 min = 1 hour and 24 hours = 1 day extends from measuring time in hours/minutes/seconds" }, { "topicId": "mt_2x-EwdBsgl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4k3HGahK2k", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enrichment knowledge of lifestyle choices and health supports formal curriculum study of diet/exercise/lifestyle impact" }, { "topicId": "mt_2x-EwdBsgl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BX4D8cCFtQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know circulatory system before understanding how diet and exercise affect it" }, { "topicId": "mt_2x-EwdBsgl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E1wR8IfCV6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand nutrition before evaluating impact of diet on health" }, { "topicId": "mt_2yas4Unc8o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_d8al9JcajP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 unit conversion feeds into time-specific conversions" }, { "topicId": "mt_2yas4Unc8o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IL86kadLSS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Elapsed time problems are prerequisite to time conversion problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_2_YoprauaJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2bnXrfS4Iq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding charge flow in circuits (current) enriches the concept of static charge as a build-up of charge with no flow path" }, { "topicId": "mt_2_YoprauaJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_d-EKO-pKkP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS2 conductors and insulators provides context: static charge builds where charges cannot flow (insulators)" }, { "topicId": "mt_2zJ1NrGgYm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FZ_ixwU1p1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand what a rainforest is before learning about the people who live there" }, { "topicId": "mt_32B7xjUPwF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LE7nFEwS12", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Making connections between new and old ideas requires the habit of activating prior knowledge first" }, { "topicId": "mt_33RrpbceZE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5l7iGkf1Tp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Detailed solar system structure (moons, asteroids, comets, orbital periods) extends KS2 overview of planets orbiting the Sun" }, { "topicId": "mt_33RrpbceZE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EHuU1ZeUFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing the detailed solar system structure including moons, asteroids, and comets requires all this vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_33zncDHC3N", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ag9NSWJu-X", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Constructive feedback uses vocabulary from assertive communication and conflict resolution" }, { "topicId": "mt_33zncDHC3N", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QxsoqVUt6u", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Giving/receiving feedback builds on group work skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_33zncDHC3N", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rqLMfiw61L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Giving feedback benefits from assertive communication" }, { "topicId": "mt_33zncDHC3N", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sXRHr7tfS5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Giving feedback benefits from evaluating viewpoints and building on contributions" }, { "topicId": "mt_35-DhMh_Yr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i1kk9HDctI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Positive self-talk practice requires knowing the term 'self-talk' and distinguishing it from intrusive negative thoughts" }, { "topicId": "mt_35-DhMh_Yr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Iwg2diBSyW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Positive self-talk builds on basic calming strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_35-DhMh_Yr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MOY_2Cqalz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Self-talk benefits from wider emotion vocabulary to name what you're feeling" }, { "topicId": "mt_35-DhMh_Yr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pAuo9Op89t", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Self-talk benefits from growth mindset framing" }, { "topicId": "mt_37QCuGOxFe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EqXlZfB4jp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Distinguishing homophones requires knowing 'homophone' as a named category" }, { "topicId": "mt_37QCuGOxFe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p_jxNLdus4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y3-4 homophones build on Y2 alternative spellings/homophones" }, { "topicId": "mt_37QCuGOxFe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YKkCM63fSC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exception word knowledge supports homophone discrimination" }, { "topicId": "mt_38d-k-dJPa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0u3QNroZ34", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know where rainforests are globally before zooming into the Amazon specifically" }, { "topicId": "mt_38d-k-dJPa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v6CBCMuvz1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding tropical climate deepens understanding of why the Amazon is so productive" }, { "topicId": "mt_3duNkf6Qmr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4uPnLieBPN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about the poles before understanding extreme day/night cycles there" }, { "topicId": "mt_3e_PQxwC12", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m1W6nTQJ2b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluent recall of facts to 20 builds from strategic calculation within 20" }, { "topicId": "mt_3e_PQxwC12", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Deriving facts to 100 benefits from place value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_3fwYu7imd4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_t0g2SlP404", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The complement rule P(not A) = 1 − P(A) requires understanding probability as a number that lies between 0 and 1" }, { "topicId": "mt_3fwYu7imd4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zt30Gxi-qp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using the complement rule is easier once students can calculate basic probabilities and see that favourable + unfavourable outcomes cover all possibilities" }, { "topicId": "mt_3-ii06P4YS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GF6L7J4MNN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Water transport investigation supports understanding water as a plant growth material" }, { "topicId": "mt_3-ii06P4YS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lutxvMlkwS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know plant growth requirements before arguing that most material comes from air and water" }, { "topicId": "mt_3JgrHY221M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ehGS_uVSJv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Solving missing-number problems benefits from knowing the inverse relationship" }, { "topicId": "mt_3JgrHY221M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oIzycTBeE4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding unknowns in equations requires understanding what = means" }, { "topicId": "mt_3jmBpEepYX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_99G6Msdzw-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying patterns in data is a form of the knowledge-transfer skill developed in Learning-to-Learn" }, { "topicId": "mt_3jmBpEepYX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AstzvYDU2m", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS2 evidence evaluation (strong vs weak evidence) underpins KS3 ability to distinguish systematic from random errors" }, { "topicId": "mt_3jmBpEepYX", "prerequisiteId": "mt__kFxuAgs6d", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 drawing conclusions from evidence supports the inference process seismologists use to map Earth's interior from wave data" }, { "topicId": "mt_3jmBpEepYX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nyPMkeHlVJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 evaluation extends KS2 reporting of causal relationships and trust in results to formal error analysis" }, { "topicId": "mt_3jmBpEepYX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YHsUhi4Prc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing quantitative conclusions and identifying systematic errors requires the ability to plot and read graphs correctly" }, { "topicId": "mt_3jmBpEepYX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZxdfRbwkKM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing conclusions that address a hypothesis with reference to evidence mirrors the English skill of drawing evidence from informational texts to support analysis" }, { "topicId": "mt_3pgTpuetKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Weather data interpretation benefits from weather vs climate concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_3pgTpuetKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AghN5YcCHX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading weather maps builds on knowing how forecasting works" }, { "topicId": "mt_3pgTpuetKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NYsz6QgaaE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Weather data interpretation parallels curriculum weather data tables/graphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_3pgTpuetKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sA0RvWXSYY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting weather data builds on knowing how to measure weather" }, { "topicId": "mt_3qrCtdoVAU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rearranging formulae uses the same inverse-operation techniques as solving equations" }, { "topicId": "mt_3qrCtdoVAU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vHzVa3SURC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rearranging formulae requires fluent substitution to verify results" }, { "topicId": "mt_3qrCtdoVAU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VUQNveSYjQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rearranging formulae to change the subject is an application of inverse operations to algebraic expressions" }, { "topicId": "mt_3rTIyJDw7-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h3vmvQW5Wa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: communicating with mathematical precision at ages 10-11 benefits from understanding formal vs informal vocabulary register" }, { "topicId": "mt_3rTIyJDw7-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i9rJbuFO3p", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Distinguishing expression/equation/formula requires algebraic precision" }, { "topicId": "mt_3rTIyJDw7-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xfwv0M83mJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 precision extends Y5 mathematical vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_3rTIyJDw7-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xq3YHZ2zeR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Circle vocabulary (radius, diameter, circumference) is key Y6 precision content" }, { "topicId": "mt_3S10OOGPqu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h0CVtqI2xo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Angle definition builds on understanding right angles" }, { "topicId": "mt_3S10OOGPqu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MFfYcnv6Tv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Angle definition builds on classifying acute/obtuse angles" }, { "topicId": "mt_3tPI0HqqcN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p6MhZJYYPN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Miles↔km conversion extends Y5 imperial/metric approximation" }, { "topicId": "mt_3tPI0HqqcN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SoDP1fSQEB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Conversion factor 1.6 involves decimal multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_3tQXH9GwIa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand feudal society to contextualise medieval justice" }, { "topicId": "mt_3tQXH9GwIa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LuwHnQItF_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Church influence shaped medieval ideas about justice and punishment" }, { "topicId": "mt_3tz3Otap5j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Money word problems require fluent addition/subtraction within 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_-3udyo6VyB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3qrCtdoVAU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rearranging to y = mx + c form uses formula rearrangement skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_-3udyo6VyB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBdHkc2HTf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plotting linear graphs requires understanding what y = mx + c represents" }, { "topicId": "mt_3v0VNkwquK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic survival needs before investigating specific plant growth conditions" }, { "topicId": "mt_3VmBdlAeOZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AQo4u7O4sM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Area models connect multiplication to visual representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_3VmBdlAeOZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dXq9VWm31W", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 quantitative reasoning is prerequisite to age 8-9 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_3VmBdlAeOZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Decimal equivalents exercise fluency between fraction and decimal representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_3WMADSy0mA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B3W5EfimJw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand pushes/pulls before investigating balanced vs unbalanced forces" }, { "topicId": "mt_3WMADSy0mA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k7GOtslF-x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Investigating balanced and unbalanced forces requires drawing force diagrams to record and analyse experimental findings" }, { "topicId": "mt_3WMADSy0mA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-p_xp4hMvh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand friction affects motion before investigating balanced/unbalanced forces" }, { "topicId": "mt_3XJkeIn6J6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4m8BimI4G5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading to nearest minute extends reading to five minutes" }, { "topicId": "mt_3XJkeIn6J6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6XCURuNwPw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends comparing time intervals to recording in seconds, minutes, hours" }, { "topicId": "mt_3y7xKP9MjU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CBHwluE6Lp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fraction addition supports solving fraction problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_3y7xKP9MjU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k2WE0-22-4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding fractions of discrete sets is prerequisite to harder fraction-of-quantity problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_3yuqKww2tU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4i-FKXDDXh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about light sources before understanding sun danger" }, { "topicId": "mt_42QD6nYjiZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ghK1mnEstc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Line plots with half/quarter inch are prerequisite to 1/8-inch line plots" }, { "topicId": "mt_42QD6nYjiZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VgOePicFYK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fraction addition/subtraction supports solving problems from line plot data" }, { "topicId": "mt_44HkROUnzE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Quantifying biodiversity crisis and extinction rates depends on endangered species and IUCN Red List" }, { "topicId": "mt_44HkROUnzE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NDZYiLvApW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extinction cascades depends on biodiversity and keystone species" }, { "topicId": "mt_44HkROUnzE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pWwV_8OgXD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rigorous evaluation of conservation approaches depends on conservation approaches overview" }, { "topicId": "mt_4A4RpX-Go9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Listening comprehension supports shared research" }, { "topicId": "mt_4A4RpX-Go9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Shared research and writing uses 'genre', 'purpose', 'audience', 'plan', and 'draft' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_4A7FYmvVhA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S0hzjAeLSK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Oral expression skills support understanding formality in speech" }, { "topicId": "mt_4A7FYmvVhA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wwdRhPyz6s", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Conversational skills support oral description" }, { "topicId": "mt_4emC463IyW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3XJkeIn6J6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating event durations requires reading time to the minute" }, { "topicId": "mt_4emC463IyW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EXlmTURK_o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing time unit relationships supports duration calculations" }, { "topicId": "mt_4i-FKXDDXh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YPSx5pbpVl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Observing that objects need illumination to be seen requires the 'light source' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_4IVWRAZoNC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1J5fwxNDxL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing unique and diverse life cycles requires metamorphosis, gestation, larva, pupa vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_4IVWRAZoNC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7EqhgErJyU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Modelling life cycles of living things requires the life cycle diagram representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_4IVWRAZoNC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oR6dwRj2Ll", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic offspring-to-adult stages before comparing diverse life cycles" }, { "topicId": "mt_4IVWRAZoNC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WNBHZ1d94L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Plant life cycle knowledge supports understanding diverse life cycles across organisms" }, { "topicId": "mt_4IxR66uGLc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gR5_n99Ntt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Poetry forms knowledge from LKS2 provides the foundation for understanding verse, rhythm, and meter as structural elements" }, { "topicId": "mt_4IxR66uGLc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ujwtRoYJ34", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Structural elements of poems/drama/prose builds on text structure terminology (chapter, scene, stanza); the step up is to identifying form-specific structural features like meter, cast, stage directions" }, { "topicId": "mt_4JpMXUIxeD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_C7FNeIDGc6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding immune system requires knowing about cells and how they form systems" }, { "topicId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4Km38F4L-6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating decimal equivalents requires understanding fraction as division" }, { "topicId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4ubP_RMg9o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends Y5 percentage/decimal equivalents to broader range of fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W17Kbwm0-u", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recalling equivalences between fractions, decimals, and percentages requires all three sets of vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZM9mhHsyYZ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Builds on Y5 understanding of percentages" }, { "topicId": "mt_4k3HGahK2k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4JpMXUIxeD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Lifestyle choices affect immune health; understanding immune system enriches health reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_4k3HGahK2k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QhLAeAlHI0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Making lifestyle choices requires knowing what a balanced diet is" }, { "topicId": "mt_4k3HGahK2k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QK-ZZb7UUN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding how lifestyle affects health requires knowing how circulatory and respiratory systems interact" }, { "topicId": "mt_4Km38F4L-6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TgHxujL81r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding fraction as division builds on fraction × whole number (inverse reasoning)" }, { "topicId": "mt_4Km38F4L-6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WsM4EmdOLe", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Division leading to fractions connects to long division skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_4lp_b5Pzik", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zkFbMLpu3U", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring capacity with units requires first being able to compare capacities" }, { "topicId": "mt_4m8BimI4G5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HNOPGJYiRK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends telling time to include a.m./p.m. and 24-hour notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_4MFUAsbx_6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4V6hvcuEJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring and drawing angles with a protractor requires knowing how to mark and label angles using standard notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_4MFUAsbx_6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qUGMyMYn9m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using a protractor requires understanding degree measurement" }, { "topicId": "mt_4PA9IrxtCQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sJyZW4qYUG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 spelling extends KS2 statutory word list Y5-6" }, { "topicId": "mt_4PA9IrxtCQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_y8sicbhMci", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Spelling complex vocabulary uses KS2 etymological patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_4pLvMN8uzL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jc9k_HJQGd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Storm safety benefits from knowing what storms are" }, { "topicId": "mt_4ubP_RMg9o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DRlbMok2lT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Decimal equivalents of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 support percentage equivalence problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_4ubP_RMg9o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZM9mhHsyYZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand % concept before solving % problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_4-vfMgmCVB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9yFAtUkoYr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pronoun cohesion is a key cohesive device; prior work on choosing pronouns for clarity feeds directly into paragraph-level cohesion" }, { "topicId": "mt_4-vfMgmCVB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AvJMWQbDsr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cohesion within paragraphs requires paragraphing knowledge; learners must organise text into paragraphs before learning to build cohesion within them" }, { "topicId": "mt_4vHa3I5bNj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oNWXXAn3cn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the insect body plan (6 legs, 3 parts) to distinguish insects from non-insects" }, { "topicId": "mt_4V-vYhFUcm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5l7iGkf1Tp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining Moon phases requires understanding the Sun–Earth–Moon geometry established in KS2" }, { "topicId": "mt_4V-vYhFUcm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LQt4vnKeB4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining moon phases requires 'lunar phases', 'waxing', 'waning', and 'eclipse' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_4V-vYhFUcm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q15w--Fb5H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding Earth's rotation and the concept of shadows supports the eclipse explanation" }, { "topicId": "mt_4WaKWECpcv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8jFSnXxqQD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing/interpreting expressions requires understanding grouping symbols" }, { "topicId": "mt_50SdpkNH49", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AxGPeVRm__", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reef protection is a key conservation example" }, { "topicId": "mt_50SdpkNH49", "prerequisiteId": "mt_J6uccv2Bo4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Conservation solutions require understanding the problems first" }, { "topicId": "mt_50SdpkNH49", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate connection enriches understanding of why conservation matters" }, { "topicId": "mt_56aspHjU19", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jgNB2752b9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 magnetic field lines and Earth's magnetism extends KS2 magnetic poles, attraction and repulsion" }, { "topicId": "mt_5FREdVoS8s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j32D5DZX7x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiple accounts builds on firsthand/secondhand comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_5HV4mbgSGH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mFJ-2ZF6Tk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 estimate/compare/calculate measures is prerequisite to word problems with fractions/decimals" }, { "topicId": "mt_5HV4mbgSGH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Vi4Vo5xs_g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Decimal notation supports measurement problems with decimals" }, { "topicId": "mt_5HV4mbgSGH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zks8xyInSG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Unit conversion supports measurement word problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_5_kErPeeNu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_scbDHJZZHK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand ice types (sea ice vs glacial ice) before learning about glacier formation in depth" }, { "topicId": "mt_5l7iGkf1Tp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EHuU1ZeUFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing sun, Earth, and moon as spherical bodies and planets orbiting the sun requires solar system vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_5l7iGkf1Tp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fk33IEGP-T", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe sun/moon patterns before learning about the solar system model" }, { "topicId": "mt_5mIcmKRCgA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Direct and inverse proportion require 'direct proportion' and 'inverse proportion' as precisely understood contrasting terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_5mIcmKRCgA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FspV_imUGK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Direct and inverse proportion with graphical representations requires reading and plotting proportion graphs (y = kx through origin)" }, { "topicId": "mt_5mIcmKRCgA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nOCPx5qw0Z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Proportion problems require dividing quantities in given ratios" }, { "topicId": "mt_5mIcmKRCgA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBdHkc2HTf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Graphical representations of proportion connect to linear graphs (y = kx through origin)" }, { "topicId": "mt_5mIcmKRCgA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yK51ZnKA8m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Direct/inverse proportion requires understanding multiplicative relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_5n-O41lUgn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LE7nFEwS12", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Linking reading to own experiences is the English-domain application of the universal prior-knowledge activation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_5n-O41lUgn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Personal connection emerges from comprehension" }, { "topicId": "mt_5n-O41lUgn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_scBgiMKhG_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Linking reading to personal experience depends on approaching reading as a meaning-making activity" }, { "topicId": "mt_5NwqN6pf_A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NLSfvB9vUl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rounding to nearest 10/100/1000 is prerequisite to rounding to any place up to 100,000" }, { "topicId": "mt_5NwqN6pf_A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QqG6IdmTSE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding ×10 relationship supports rounding to higher place values" }, { "topicId": "mt_5OxKnrGEMP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bEvMBUv4eG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Specialised labour builds on understanding social hierarchy" }, { "topicId": "mt_5OxKnrGEMP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lSFwVU7V9g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Economy and trade builds on geography of Upper/Lower Egypt and irrigation" }, { "topicId": "mt_5OxKnrGEMP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V_kAitNbLN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Trade records were kept by scribes — literacy supports economic understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_5PgQB0QkWi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7VrR1GzhrN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must draw conclusions and make predictions before using results to set up further tests" }, { "topicId": "mt_5PgQB0QkWi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ArVBEpMAPk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must plan enquiries independently before designing follow-up investigations from predictions" }, { "topicId": "mt_5PgQB0QkWi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hbe_kdE_7C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using test results to make predictions and set up further tests is the science form of the universal generalisation habit — describing a pattern as a rule and testing it further" }, { "topicId": "mt_5qNMVZi3dQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NnlnxCx1DO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced geopolitical analysis of Egypt's imperial decline depends on Egypt and its neighbours diplomacy and conflict" }, { "topicId": "mt_5qNMVZi3dQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PCX1jZZnf9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Geopolitical analysis depends on understanding how ideological legitimacy shaped Egypt's foreign policy" }, { "topicId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate change is a major cause of species endangerment" }, { "topicId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DCelLx_H1A", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rainforest destruction is a major cause of endangerment" }, { "topicId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding adaptation helps explain why environmental change threatens species" }, { "topicId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Endangered species requires understanding that animals live in diverse environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Endangered species concept builds on curriculum idea that environments can change" }, { "topicId": "mt_5TBUFnCy5-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JH_6RpNWjr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Adding volumes of sub-figures uses decimal addition" }, { "topicId": "mt_5TBUFnCy5-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nTL-owFJTF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Composite volume requires volume formula for individual prisms" }, { "topicId": "mt_5XLhiqmocP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DkzsZdyaL2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced empathy and social awareness depends on earlier social concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_5XLhiqmocP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oqvJJKCJXw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Empathy mastery depends on foundational advanced empathy skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_5XLhiqmocP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VA126P6Wp5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Empathy and social awareness mastery depends on advanced social awareness skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_5_Zr9xXDNH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4vHa3I5bNj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand insect classification to appreciate species diversity" }, { "topicId": "mt_5_Zr9xXDNH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r6oKXpN0er", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding ecosystem roles helps explain why so many species evolved" }, { "topicId": "mt_68pIoiiG4g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_akBotspaf2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining conservation of energy and dissipation requires energy store and transfer vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_68pIoiiG4g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jvg_r4yWaY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Conservation of energy is a property of energy stores and transfers — the stores and pathways model must be established first" }, { "topicId": "mt_69hFD2NgGe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H4YZ1rSKP3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Noticing and naming feelings requires the basic vocabulary of self-awareness and reflection" }, { "topicId": "mt_69hFD2NgGe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Naming what you are feeling is emotional comprehension monitoring — the universal habit of noticing what's happening inside applied to emotional experience" }, { "topicId": "mt_6aJUzBYGNs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VfA4xo4kUv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "DNA is housed in the nucleus of cells — the cell as fundamental unit must be understood before studying what's inside the nucleus" }, { "topicId": "mt_6EfevRyeFW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BO_AHGLCk0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extreme weather builds on thunderstorm understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_6EfevRyeFW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Extreme weather involves the water cycle (floods, droughts)" }, { "topicId": "mt_6EfevRyeFW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-UAxilUtUt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Hurricanes and tornadoes require understanding what causes wind" }, { "topicId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kJ5wYzO8qC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The universal self-explanation habit (LtL 7-8) builds on the maths-specific practice of explaining reasoning when prompted (MT 6-7)" }, { "topicId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LE7nFEwS12", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining in your own words requires connecting new learning to existing knowledge already held in mind" }, { "topicId": "mt_6-j1NO2ZUH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_U4cIBXVug4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand multiplicative comparison concept before solving word problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_6-j1NO2ZUH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zdv-b-iW5K", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving M×D word problems within 100 is prerequisite to multiplicative comparison problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_6J1wmCWf41", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AF2BeFQwfX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving money problems requires ability to combine coins" }, { "topicId": "mt_6J1wmCWf41", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Giving change involves subtraction" }, { "topicId": "mt_6lHBTwQPrS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Listening and responding supports learning question words" }, { "topicId": "mt_6N-4TqCleR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OMmiuv9ZLH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Muscle pairs contract to move bones; knowing named bones helps understand which muscles act on them" }, { "topicId": "mt_6N-4TqCleR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SdIWVjzopp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding muscle pairs builds on knowing muscles attached to bones allow movement" }, { "topicId": "mt_6nqVnVdexe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MlD0gwLSw9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Roman towns and engineering build on Roman army and invasion context" }, { "topicId": "mt_6_O6THdEDK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6J1wmCWf41", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Giving change in £ and p extends Y2 simple money problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_6_O6THdEDK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pbuhUQJjtt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Requires fluency with £ and p symbols" }, { "topicId": "mt_6oxQPNLHNv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BFJ-ch_8QU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends comparing/ordering measures to adding/subtracting them" }, { "topicId": "mt_6oxQPNLHNv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DOe893F6gN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends Y2 standard unit measurement to include mm and to add/subtract measures" }, { "topicId": "mt_6w2g7aoPgz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gLy3ZgZWiN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know light reflects off surfaces before modelling reflection-to-eye vision" }, { "topicId": "mt_6w2g7aoPgz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Oru08pKlxd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Shadow knowledge supports understanding how light interacts with objects" }, { "topicId": "mt_6w2g7aoPgz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SFOSbVnrJ8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Modelling light reflecting from objects into the eye requires reflection vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_6W5zzDIGZH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_frDIaXzWbx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dictionary use requires alphabetical order via letter recognition" }, { "topicId": "mt_6W5zzDIGZH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZhUuT__i2H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Non-fiction structures include reference features like glossaries" }, { "topicId": "mt_6Wx--Du8j3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dRCnJEIwk4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Chemosynthesis as energy base of vent communities depends on deep sea and bioluminescence" }, { "topicId": "mt_6XCURuNwPw", "prerequisiteId": "mt__N55B7u7HD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sequencing intervals requires understanding time measurement" }, { "topicId": "mt_6XCURuNwPw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TcG90kS8nu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing and sequencing intervals extends Y1 comparative time language" }, { "topicId": "mt_6xj94tmpi-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CVywzrjT_c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The SEL skill of navigating ethical grey areas benefits from scientific thinking: using evidence to identify differences, similarities, and changes before drawing conclusions" }, { "topicId": "mt_6xj94tmpi-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dlm3NspUyy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ethical grey areas benefit from understanding mixed/conflicting emotions" }, { "topicId": "mt_6xj94tmpi-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h_shhH-6DC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ethical grey areas benefit from understanding rights/responsibilities" }, { "topicId": "mt_6xj94tmpi-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RhntJz7p_6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ethical grey areas builds on basic decision-making process" }, { "topicId": "mt_6XnezHOcM3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_26OJ9MetR9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Anglo-Saxon kingdoms before studying the Viking-Saxon conflict" }, { "topicId": "mt_6XnezHOcM3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X5fdB4haHf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know who the Vikings were before studying their conflict with Anglo-Saxons" }, { "topicId": "mt_6xNmQLzuqm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4x3l2JeLI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Length measurement experience supports understanding area as a 2D measurement" }, { "topicId": "mt_6xsEXxKdUX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xT6jPzyj92", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic plant structure before learning about function of each part" }, { "topicId": "mt_6Z42wJaKYG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fKwgN61ttR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enrichment knowledge of fossils revealing ancient environments supports formal analysis of fossil data" }, { "topicId": "mt_6Z42wJaKYG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lWqmKn5Jvr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interpreting fossil data as evidence of past organisms benefits from fossil record and extinction vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_6Z42wJaKYG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mwirOvigWD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fossil formation in rocks before interpreting fossil data for evidence of past life" }, { "topicId": "mt_6Z42wJaKYG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Analysing fossil record data using bar charts depends on scaled bar graph construction skills from Math" }, { "topicId": "mt_6Z42wJaKYG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Sa48W7KXB5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding living vs dead supports interpreting fossil evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_70qDTI14td", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o_p-3tCxiM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Converting mixed↔improper is needed for adding/subtracting mixed numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_70qDTI14td", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VgOePicFYK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fraction decomposition is prerequisite to adding/subtracting mixed numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_70Ys4i1AB1", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Blending supports reading compound words" }, { "topicId": "mt_70Ys4i1AB1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UvNrOXny1i", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Syllable awareness helps with compound words" }, { "topicId": "mt_76SPWvdI7r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9IzhGUZ30z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing number words to 100 extends from writing number words to 20" }, { "topicId": "mt_76SPWvdI7r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_x8TshvbbQT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing number words to 100 requires reading the corresponding numerals" }, { "topicId": "mt__7BVYUN180", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2qkn8Lhc8e", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The motor effect (force on a current in a field) is an application of electromagnetism — requires knowledge of both magnetic fields and current-produced fields" }, { "topicId": "mt_7D-vlii8F-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Present perfect builds on Y2 verb tenses (past/present/progressive)" }, { "topicId": "mt_7D-vlii8F-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Of-WsrRQ8B", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Advanced writing skill builds on earlier foundational concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_7D-vlii8F-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u7Jxjjatkh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Subject-verb agreement supports correct present perfect formation" }, { "topicId": "mt_7e-lG7YOWa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_deexfCHU9m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand individual solutions before learning about community-level environmental protection" }, { "topicId": "mt_7e-lG7YOWa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VI5kdtf28e", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand energy resources and environmental impact before learning about community protection efforts" }, { "topicId": "mt_7e-lG7YOWa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YB0qF5KX9C", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Discussing how communities protect Earth's resources requires conservation and sustainability vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_7EqhgErJyU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xppl18avyY", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Life cycle diagrams require classifying organisms into categories — the same sorting skill used in mt_xppl18avyY" }, { "topicId": "mt_7GwWplh-48", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oiqsIP97V3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about space exploration and astronauts before learning about robotic exploration" }, { "topicId": "mt_7GwWplh-48", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W8Eq3CqWJf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing Mars features provides context for understanding what rovers are exploring" }, { "topicId": "mt_7hB8s5eOP1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fhqBH9scsU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The cell-to-organism hierarchy builds on understanding that different cell types exist" }, { "topicId": "mt__7hXSTbu9s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yR1moI5kX1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise common minibeasts before comparing how they move" }, { "topicId": "mt_7IFpDVNsmt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_c29FaCTNsx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Science data presentation (tables, bar charts) builds on maths pictogram/table skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_7IFpDVNsmt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nUnowllzaN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must take accurate measurements before presenting complex data" }, { "topicId": "mt_7IFpDVNsmt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZFwPZaDJ0_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must gather data simply before presenting in charts and diagrams" }, { "topicId": "mt_7nduoLvoB1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7OJjLOl0fz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know polar animals before placing them in food chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_7nduoLvoB1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CK2orHetl3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Penguins are central to Antarctic food chain examples" }, { "topicId": "mt_7OJjLOl0fz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aO018DkCun", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know Arctic vs Antarctic before learning which animals live where" }, { "topicId": "mt_7OJjLOl0fz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CK2orHetl3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Penguins and polar bears are the anchor species; other animals build on these" }, { "topicId": "mt_7OJjLOl0fz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_O9dH94NFae", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Polar bears are the anchor species; other animals build on these" }, { "topicId": "mt_7oZ2YenzhX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising and correcting sentence fragments requires a clear conceptual understanding of what constitutes a complete sentence" }, { "topicId": "mt_7oZ2YenzhX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising fragments and run-ons requires understanding how independent and dependent clauses combine; subordination/coordination knowledge is essential" }, { "topicId": "mt_7QeiS95TRC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Fqna9qHffr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand climate change impacts before discussing conservation responses" }, { "topicId": "mt_7QeiS95TRC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_itldWmVItr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Antarctic Treaty is a key conservation framework" }, { "topicId": "mt_7QeiS95TRC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rqalOvjkj3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Indigenous peoples' rights are central to Arctic conservation debates" }, { "topicId": "mt_7rJM8eWUfw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IzQvs7k_sE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting in 6s/7s/9s/25s/1000s extends counting in 4s/8s/50s/100s" }, { "topicId": "mt_7SfQuXgNtd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0QJoKWABdC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fronted adverbials often contain prepositional phrases; prior work with adverbials builds awareness of how preposition phrases function in sentences" }, { "topicId": "mt_7SfQuXgNtd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EbiGRVK8uR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prepositional phrases are a key mechanism for expanding noun phrases; learners must understand NP expansion before analysing how prepositional phrases function" }, { "topicId": "mt_7SfQuXgNtd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uorNrPTh6U", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Prepositional phrase use is enriched by experience using conjunctions, adverbs, and prepositions together to express time, place, and cause" }, { "topicId": "mt_7SfQuXgNtd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VY3rBq8RyP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing prepositional phrases requires knowledge of the most frequent prepositions of location and direction" }, { "topicId": "mt_7SsduPB2tP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9gpUHWVKMR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand costs/revenue before grasping challenges of growing a business" }, { "topicId": "mt_7SsduPB2tP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pOstrrS763", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding teamwork is relevant to hiring and managing more people" }, { "topicId": "mt_7SsduPB2tP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r1hw-KenpK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: financial planning (Money & Finance) supports understanding business growth finances" }, { "topicId": "mt_7VrR1GzhrN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reporting scientific findings in your own words draws directly on the universal self-explanation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_7VrR1GzhrN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7IFpDVNsmt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must present data before reporting conclusions and making predictions" }, { "topicId": "mt_7VrR1GzhrN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lIs10UMkPG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reporting science findings orally and in writing draws on the non-fiction writing skills (recounts, explanations) established in English" }, { "topicId": "mt_7VrR1GzhrN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qgb76wHN2X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must conduct fair tests before reporting on findings from enquiries" }, { "topicId": "mt_7XcCG43ZZW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Decomposing numbers into pairs requires understanding addition as combining" }, { "topicId": "mt_7_XXh9NCp0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_07Geg7LITa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand camouflage and mimicry as phenomena before studying them as adaptations via natural selection" }, { "topicId": "mt_7_XXh9NCp0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ShAptVcQR3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding metamorphosis types enriches appreciation of diverse insect strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_83gRQ9OPkc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fDoE-pL6Jv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing animal structures supports understanding own body parts" }, { "topicId": "mt_83KkBCtVyR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sDmrVCfzqt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating energy requirements requires knowing which dietary components provide energy" }, { "topicId": "mt_86DyHo9zO3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4A7FYmvVhA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Oral expression skills support understanding formality in speech" }, { "topicId": "mt_86DyHo9zO3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NP101Zl-4g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using acquired vocabulary supports recognising register differences" }, { "topicId": "mt_89riIKwGYp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4MFUAsbx_6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must measure angles before solving unknown angle problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_89riIKwGYp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4V6hvcuEJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding unknown angles using equations requires reading angle diagrams and interpreting arc marks and notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_89riIKwGYp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oqziWKry-L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know angle facts (360°, 180°) to solve unknown angle problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_8A3pZNOp7Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pjfmCMMPjO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 mental ×÷ using known/derived facts is prerequisite to extending with larger numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_8ad4U6msea", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CSGqz245rV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Democracy is introduced as an Athenian invention within the Athens vs Sparta contrast" }, { "topicId": "mt_8atyuvPUZc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fmm-P17Vka", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing correlation and using a scatter graph requires 'correlation', 'scatter graph', and 'line of best fit'" }, { "topicId": "mt_8atyuvPUZc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hVpGOEz2kG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Scatter graphs require confident coordinate plotting in the first quadrant and beyond" }, { "topicId": "mt_8atyuvPUZc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBdHkc2HTf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Line of best fit connects to understanding linear relationships from y = mx + c" }, { "topicId": "mt_8atyuvPUZc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XSXnTQoQ4l", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting scatter graphs requires understanding averages and data distributions" }, { "topicId": "mt_8bIXVKTdtK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Abstract nouns build on concrete noun knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_8_BxtNDrLZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3jmBpEepYX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cladistic analysis depends on comparative data from dinosaur diversity" }, { "topicId": "mt_8_BxtNDrLZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bHbpLW1HUg", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cladistics reasoning about evolutionary lineages depends on rock strata and fossil record concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_8_BxtNDrLZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cSPtyLF3q1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Phylogenetic and cladistic analysis depends on understanding geological time and stratigraphy" }, { "topicId": "mt_8FwtdJzeDh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4wKFP3jud", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Integrating information from two texts builds on describing connections in informational text; the step up is from within-text connections to cross-text synthesis" }, { "topicId": "mt_8gy7uxRlF6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r0VXbfAmsH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "100 as ten tens extends understanding of 10 as ten ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_8gy7uxRlF6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand two-digit place value before extending to hundreds" }, { "topicId": "mt_8H2kO4k2B9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Xt1cRqaBOW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Shape classification supports distinguishing regular from irregular" }, { "topicId": "mt_8H2kO4k2B9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YUJ5pwalqL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Classifying regular/irregular polygons benefits from angle estimation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_8jFSnXxqQD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p-nbe0w_lf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating grouped expressions formalises multi-step calculation skills from Y5" }, { "topicId": "mt_8jFSnXxqQD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XLP1IM3Qbb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating expressions requires fluent multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_8OAGVdeTJ_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding angles as shape properties requires knowing basic shape properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_8OAGVdeTJ_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TdV9YGJEoY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising angles as turns extends Y2 work on quarter/half/three-quarter turns" }, { "topicId": "mt_8oAzr0WxRb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand feudal society before grasping how the Black Death disrupted it" }, { "topicId": "mt_8oAzr0WxRb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PThM5P7Umd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Village life knowledge provides context for plague's impact on communities" }, { "topicId": "mt_8-POYyg7GJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sSQlLOnAow", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Story elements support prediction" }, { "topicId": "mt_8QOeG3CuKc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nRF_VRntrW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Five oceans builds on curriculum concept of where water is found on Earth" }, { "topicId": "mt_8QOeG3CuKc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oAg79ju344", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Naming five oceans requires knowing what oceans are" }, { "topicId": "mt_8qQ2IosZZw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B1ATUEVNPz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ka/ba and afterlife theology builds on knowing Osiris, Anubis and their roles" }, { "topicId": "mt_8qQ2IosZZw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cJ8CeyRKKs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Weighing of heart and Book of Dead builds on mummification process" }, { "topicId": "mt_8qQ2IosZZw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PCX1jZZnf9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Afterlife theology connects to pharaoh's divine role and Ma'at" }, { "topicId": "mt_8RmpkDxT9L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fR0UtsSREU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing number sentences requires reading and writing numerals" }, { "topicId": "mt_8RmpkDxT9L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading/writing the + symbol requires understanding what addition means" }, { "topicId": "mt_8RmpkDxT9L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading/writing the − symbol requires understanding what subtraction means" }, { "topicId": "mt_8ShghTx0jd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2DBPJ38iWl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand royal power before studying its limitation through Magna Carta" }, { "topicId": "mt_8ShghTx0jd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8ad4U6msea", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: understanding Athenian democracy helps contextualise Magna Carta's contribution to democratic rights" }, { "topicId": "mt_8ShghTx0jd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand feudal power before grasping why barons rebelled against the king" }, { "topicId": "mt_8StiXnYq1u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_33zncDHC3N", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced friendship and community skills depends on earlier social connection concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_8StiXnYq1u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NCrbQe0LdB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Friendship and community mastery depends on advanced cooperation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_8VA40Tumth", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6xsEXxKdUX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know plant part functions before arguing about how plant structures support survival" }, { "topicId": "mt_8VA40Tumth", "prerequisiteId": "mt_C7FNeIDGc6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding the cells → tissues → organs → systems hierarchy enriches the ability to argue about internal structures supporting survival" }, { "topicId": "mt_8VA40Tumth", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g4YSiOCS8g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about skeletons/muscles before arguing about how structures support survival" }, { "topicId": "mt_8xVHooT4aI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Area/perimeter formula problems exercise real-world modelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_8xVHooT4aI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K3R0yaHVcx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 8-9 modelling is prerequisite to age 9-10 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_8xVHooT4aI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZOJ6EbdPOb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scaling problems exercise modelling with appropriate representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_91f1XFvGZq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Opinion writing requires knowing the genre term 'opinion' and understanding audience and purpose" }, { "topicId": "mt_91f1XFvGZq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Oral rehearsal precedes opinion writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_933BohS9BH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IegHBHERVa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing decimals to 2dp (Y4) is prerequisite to comparing to 3dp" }, { "topicId": "mt_933BohS9BH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kdWoAel3Zl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Thousandths understanding supports comparing decimals to 3dp" }, { "topicId": "mt_95zxYqpP7m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Strategy switching is triggered by noticing the current approach isn't working — requires comprehension monitoring" }, { "topicId": "mt_95zxYqpP7m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QR3vxbN1o4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Switching strategy requires first having made a plan — you can only switch away from something you chose deliberately" }, { "topicId": "mt_98c2qwEF7Q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving PV problems requires three-digit place-value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_98c2qwEF7Q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_izien3ZX51", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Many PV problems involve finding 10/100 more or less" }, { "topicId": "mt_99G6Msdzw-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_32B7xjUPwF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising transfer opportunities requires the habit of connecting ideas — transfer is connection across subject boundaries" }, { "topicId": "mt_99G6Msdzw-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Transfer often follows recognising a structural pattern that recurs in a new context" }, { "topicId": "mt_9EoS35vaYB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m31_gPS8F1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adaptations explain how animals meet their needs in their environment" }, { "topicId": "mt_9EoS35vaYB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ytUG3yjCYt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adaptations concept requires knowing the variety of ocean animals" }, { "topicId": "mt_9gpUHWVKMR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aWOK1npO5s", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: making change skills (Money & Finance) support profit calculation" }, { "topicId": "mt_9gpUHWVKMR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_phpn6KhCAv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand planning before learning about costs and revenue" }, { "topicId": "mt_9gpUHWVKMR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SbEaQnMQoD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand buying/selling exchange before grasping revenue concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_9hBs430cU4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tHtjfjjFrl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The -able/-ible and -ably/-ibly patterns build directly on suffix knowledge from the Y3-4 programme" }, { "topicId": "mt_9IzhGUZ30z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fR0UtsSREU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading/writing number words requires already knowing the numeral forms" }, { "topicId": "mt_9IzhGUZ30z", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading number words (one, two, three...) requires phonics blending skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_9IzhGUZ30z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YKkCM63fSC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Many number words are irregular and must be recognised as sight words" }, { "topicId": "mt_9k1qcpvVi_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0MfpLj0Uhb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Independent reading extends KS2 recommending books to peers" }, { "topicId": "mt_9KmVWCuh5_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bESTSBB0wK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pie chart/line graph interpretation connects to representation fluency" }, { "topicId": "mt_9KmVWCuh5_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CUmjcE7W6c", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 representation fluency extends Y5 multi-representation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_9KmVWCuh5_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fxPtngwUfz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Coordinating two pattern sequences on a coordinate grid is key Y6 content" }, { "topicId": "mt_9L3NQqgqRd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Representing numbers requires place-value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_9L3NQqgqRd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pAcaehday5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Representing and estimating numbers on a number line builds on Y1 number representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_9L3NQqgqRd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Estimating placement on a 0-100 number line benefits from place value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_9lN0SpKlEH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BLzNxSSdWu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Writing scripts and poetry builds on narrative writing techniques" }, { "topicId": "mt_9lN0SpKlEH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing for different forms requires KS2 audience/purpose awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_9NQEiYLQA3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a6AYrbb7x4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Perspective-taking practice is enriched by precise vocabulary including 'perspective', 'bias', and 'compassion'" }, { "topicId": "mt_9NQEiYLQA3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MOY_2Cqalz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Perspective-taking benefits from wider emotional vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_9NQEiYLQA3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wzUzVEBqJb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Perspective-taking builds on knowing others have feelings" }, { "topicId": "mt_9NvuqZKNiV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lcf8lx-LkZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about non-contact forces before investigating magnetic attraction/repulsion" }, { "topicId": "mt_9-OHslmt1g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F978c32kDr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know single letters before digraphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4A7FYmvVhA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Oral expression supports saying aloud what you'll write" }, { "topicId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AvJMWQbDsr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Planning skills build on earlier oral skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lIs10UMkPG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Planning before writing builds on earlier compositional skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Experience with narrative writing supports planning narratives" }, { "topicId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Planning before writing requires 'plan', 'draft', 'compose', 'sequence', and 'key words' as working vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Planning writing builds on Y1 oral rehearsal" }, { "topicId": "mt_9QzSnn8m80", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RVK655t391", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Negative number arithmetic extends Y6 using negative numbers in context" }, { "topicId": "mt_9REmUc8r4D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LE7nFEwS12", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding that knowledge of the past comes from surviving evidence builds on the habit of activating prior knowledge — what do I already know, and where did that knowledge come from?" }, { "topicId": "mt_9REmUc8r4D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VXcua6-txq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding that everything we know comes from evidence requires 'evidence' and 'source' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_9VZem2vUqk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BVpB5wyijZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise basic constellations before understanding seasonal changes in visibility" }, { "topicId": "mt_9VZem2vUqk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w2xiMNkyyX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Earth's orbit before explaining why different constellations appear in different seasons" }, { "topicId": "mt_9XVFje6Tyr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_izien3ZX51", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding 1000 more/less extends finding 10/100 more/less" }, { "topicId": "mt_9XVFje6Tyr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Requires four-digit place-value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_9Y5-GjF2B0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ggcamLzXAy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying triggers benefits from knowing feelings change" }, { "topicId": "mt_9Y96vxG_LH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dividing fractions uses the reciprocal method which builds on fraction multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_9Y96vxG_LH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ifPDOYvUqm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dividing fraction by fraction extends Y5 dividing unit fractions by whole numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_9yFAtUkoYr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sZXPK1FnRB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pronoun cohesion and reflexive pronouns build on basic pronoun usage" }, { "topicId": "mt_A0htaNaK7b", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H0ajATAlus", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Determining theme and summarising builds on explaining how central message is conveyed through details; the step up is from message/moral to broader theme plus objective summary" }, { "topicId": "mt_A0htaNaK7b", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Summarising literary texts draws on the summarisation skills developed with informational texts at LKS2 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_a1FdAsRKOF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Kr3IyA6m-O", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding fractions requires understanding fractions as numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_a1FdAsRKOF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Adding fractions extends the concept of addition as combining" }, { "topicId": "mt_A1Xfu5p5KT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1J5fwxNDxL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing life cycles of mammals, amphibians, insects, and birds requires metamorphosis vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_A1Xfu5p5KT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4IVWRAZoNC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand general life cycle stages before comparing diverse life cycles across animal groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_A1Xfu5p5KT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7EqhgErJyU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing life cycles of different organisms requires the life cycle diagram representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_A1Xfu5p5KT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Grouping organisms supports comparing life cycles across different groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_A1Xfu5p5KT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ShAptVcQR3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Complete vs incomplete metamorphosis directly enriches curriculum life-cycles-comparing-metamorphosis" }, { "topicId": "mt_a3dov8CZkq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FP-mjXaq3B", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Generating/explaining equivalent fractions exercises justification skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_a3dov8CZkq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HnKbuCliNS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fraction comparison requires constructing arguments about relative size" }, { "topicId": "mt_a3dov8CZkq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pyMD_SIiYO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 explaining/justifying is prerequisite to age 8-9 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_a3dov8CZkq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y6P9y1Rz-u", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Critiquing the reasoning of others in maths requires the elaborative-interrogation habit of asking why things work or fail" }, { "topicId": "mt_A4YUbzUFan", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-DuXzMVVXQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Summarising media builds on paraphrasing text" }, { "topicId": "mt_a6m7PqTuJN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F978c32kDr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know single letter sounds before r-controlled vowels" }, { "topicId": "mt_a9VnPBhoYs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_guaaD6Dn2M", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand social insects before studying their sophisticated communication systems" }, { "topicId": "mt_a9VnPBhoYs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M7YrfAZk8u", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Record-breaker fascination sets up interest in extraordinary behaviours like migration" }, { "topicId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_b7T-CjOYUR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing products in simplest form requires simplification skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TgHxujL81r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fraction × fraction extends Y5 fraction × whole number" }, { "topicId": "mt__ab4knIaSL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SsS7GptD_o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand money exists and is limited before distinguishing needs from wants" }, { "topicId": "mt_AbnwmKD8oe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9NQEiYLQA3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mediating conflicts benefits from perspective-taking ability" }, { "topicId": "mt_AbnwmKD8oe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ag9NSWJu-X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mediating conflicts requires precise vocabulary for mediation, conflict, and resolution" }, { "topicId": "mt_AbnwmKD8oe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iWGnyUyN2j", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mediating others' conflicts builds on resolving own disagreements" }, { "topicId": "mt_AbnwmKD8oe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4nSIDhIgC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mediation requires understanding different group roles" }, { "topicId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fI-8iqf_Id", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate as long-term patterns benefits from knowing seasonal patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hjJkBWruO6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Climate concept requires knowing that different places have different typical weather" }, { "topicId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jc9k_HJQGd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing weather from climate requires understanding weather first" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ac7oMWhyPw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_933BohS9BH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Compare decimals to thousandths extends Y5 decimal comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ac7oMWhyPw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EDgw64OmfA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Place-value understanding supports decimal comparison reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ac7oMWhyPw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kdWoAel3Zl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading/writing decimals to thousandths requires understanding thousandths place" }, { "topicId": "mt_aClzPBiS9k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DVSHx3YMkN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing poetic technique requires understanding figurative language and word choice" }, { "topicId": "mt_aClzPBiS9k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gR5_n99Ntt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 poetic conventions extend KS2 recognising different forms of poetry" }, { "topicId": "mt_adpdEaKEBC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e29VrLfmYt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Quick/slow changes concept benefits from earthquake as example of quick change" }, { "topicId": "mt_adpdEaKEBC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Quick/slow changes concept benefits from volcano as example of quick change" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ae56umVlTT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ArVBEpMAPk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 hypothesis formation and full experimental design extends KS2 Upper ability to plan enquiries and control variables" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ae56umVlTT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QR3vxbN1o4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Forming scientific hypotheses parallels the structured planning process in Learning-to-Learn" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ae56umVlTT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WKxX-b86Vr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Forming a testable scientific hypothesis with a predicted outcome has structural parallels with the English skill of constructing an opinion piece with a clear point of view and supporting reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_ae-cHHFR76", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u3Y3Tb-G_n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Sun is a star before understanding why it appears brighter than other stars" }, { "topicId": "mt_AF2BeFQwfX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Combining coins involves addition" }, { "topicId": "mt_AF2BeFQwfX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pbuhUQJjtt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding coin combinations requires knowing coin values and symbols" }, { "topicId": "mt_-af65bxfdp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6oxQPNLHNv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prior experience measuring mass/capacity in standard units feeds into formal measurement with g/kg/l" }, { "topicId": "mt_AfIzLRvMgW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-mw3JeIjhU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Tag questions and direct address relate to dialogue punctuation" }, { "topicId": "mt_AfIzLRvMgW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Commas for tag questions and direct address extend the range of comma conventions beyond list use" }, { "topicId": "mt_AfIzLRvMgW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u1-UfD0rTH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tag questions (e.g., 'You're coming, aren't you?') are a sentence type that depends on understanding the four sentence function types" }, { "topicId": "mt_aFvsj35QzC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Listening comprehension foundational for informational text" }, { "topicId": "mt_A-FyLLLLzy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w6MxaaoMXZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying arithmetic patterns feeds into generating and analysing patterns from rules" }, { "topicId": "mt_AghN5YcCHX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IhWzO4sQPg", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Forecasting uses cloud observations as one input" }, { "topicId": "mt_AghN5YcCHX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sA0RvWXSYY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Forecasting builds on knowing how weather is measured" }, { "topicId": "mt_AghN5YcCHX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_URezjbU-6f", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Forecasting builds on curriculum purpose of weather forecasting topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_AHAFw-atka", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Layout devices guide readers through structure; 'structure', 'coherence', and 'form' vocabulary is helpful" }, { "topicId": "mt_AHAFw-atka", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AvJMWQbDsr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Layout devices build on paragraph organisation" }, { "topicId": "mt_aHAM29nidj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Skip counting in 3s builds on the concept of skip counting already established in 2s, 5s, and 10s" }, { "topicId": "mt_AhfyJoTQtY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dictation requires spelling ability" }, { "topicId": "mt_AhfyJoTQtY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EqXlZfB4jp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Applying taught GPCs in dictation requires understanding what a GPC is" }, { "topicId": "mt_AhfyJoTQtY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jq0MjURrRC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exception words appear in dictation" }, { "topicId": "mt_AhfyJoTQtY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dictation requires punctuation knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_aHQ9kNt3is", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mental add/sub of tens to three-digit numbers requires three-digit PV" }, { "topicId": "mt_aHQ9kNt3is", "prerequisiteId": "mt_izien3ZX51", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends finding 10 more/less to adding arbitrary multiples of 10" }, { "topicId": "mt__aHSZTm5k5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mRCPP_Ab2W", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Classifying marine mammals vs fish builds on whale/dolphin are mammals concept" }, { "topicId": "mt__aHSZTm5k5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ytUG3yjCYt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Classifying ocean animals builds on knowing the variety exists" }, { "topicId": "mt_aivrWs6jrS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2jbUekyTu4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 repeated reasoning is prerequisite to age 8-9 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_aivrWs6jrS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ep7TDFuYUa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Equivalent fraction patterns exercise repeated reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_aivrWs6jrS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GzcJEVkNRn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Area calculation patterns (doubling side doubles area) exercise generalisation" }, { "topicId": "mt_aivrWs6jrS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hbe_kdE_7C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Generalising fraction and times-table patterns is the maths-specific application of the universal generalisation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_AiWlJfvC3O", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B3W5EfimJw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 forces as vectors extends KS2 introduction to pushes and pulls changing speed and direction" }, { "topicId": "mt_AiWlJfvC3O", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F3ATPTCYm6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing balanced and unbalanced forces as vector quantities requires resultant force, balanced forces vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_AiWlJfvC3O", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k7GOtslF-x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Forces as vectors with magnitude and direction is the formal underpinning of the force arrow representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_AiWlJfvC3O", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lcf8lx-LkZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 resultant force and balanced forces extends KS2 distinction between contact and non-contact forces" }, { "topicId": "mt_AKAtWEwpcj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mr_Vk7FGzK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding ones to a two-digit number extends Y1 adding within 20" }, { "topicId": "mt_AKAtWEwpcj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding ones to two-digit numbers requires understanding tens and ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_ak_ZgoMKRQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Quoting accurately builds on drawing inferences with evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_AlLYwCm92a", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3WMADSy0mA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand balanced/unbalanced forces before measuring motion patterns for prediction" }, { "topicId": "mt_AlLYwCm92a", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OUv-QXmW7_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Making and recording measurements of motion to predict future motion uses distance-time graph representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_ALUrJpY0cZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The conceptual definition of percentage as parts per hundred extends the basic percentage vocabulary to a precise definition" }, { "topicId": "mt_ALUrJpY0cZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PNSyfH56eQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Percentages as fractions/decimals extends Y6 percentage calculations" }, { "topicId": "mt_Am_iTzHjoe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_edaoZRkK6M", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Supervolcano scale and climate impacts inform probabilistic hazard assessment and evacuation planning" }, { "topicId": "mt_Am_iTzHjoe", "prerequisiteId": "mt__kFxuAgs6d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding supervolcano magma chamber dynamics depends on seismic wave concepts and Earth's interior structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_Am_iTzHjoe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZRoQVXf_aD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Supervolcano-scale events and climate impacts depends on volcano monitoring fundamentals" }, { "topicId": "mt_Amw5ikSSQI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aS-Gdh-MHx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Resilience concept builds on coping with change" }, { "topicId": "mt_Amw5ikSSQI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i1kk9HDctI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Resilience as a concept requires understanding 'resilience', 'setback', 'persevere', and 'regulate' as precise terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_Amw5ikSSQI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j8Pv3s7TZR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Resilience builds on having multiple coping strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_Amw5ikSSQI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KA5j5OeGvw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Resilience benefits from understanding emotions influence decisions" }, { "topicId": "mt_AN2kJE6I0s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EXO1bJ3G_v", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 acids/pH and carbonic acid chemistry underpins the ocean acidification mechanism that dissolves coral skeletons" }, { "topicId": "mt_AN2kJE6I0s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z_Wu_77ybI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Acids are defined in terms of hydrogen ions — the concept of ions and atomic structure is needed" }, { "topicId": "mt_anAe11HAEH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HFRYjTb-Z5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fluent within-1000 computation supports solving mixed-operation problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_anAe11HAEH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NLSfvB9vUl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Estimation with rounding supports assessing reasonableness" }, { "topicId": "mt_anAe11HAEH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yTWxkzzoOZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Two-step four-ops problems extend one/two-step add/sub problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_aO018DkCun", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4uPnLieBPN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know where the poles are before comparing Arctic vs Antarctic" }, { "topicId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8gy7uxRlF6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Three-digit place value requires understanding 100 as a unit" }, { "topicId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Three-digit PV extends two-digit PV (tens and ones)" }, { "topicId": "mt_AQcVRBddko", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing three-digit numbers requires three-digit place value" }, { "topicId": "mt_AQcVRBddko", "prerequisiteId": "mt_U0waNfD8PB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing to 1000 extends comparing two-digit numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_AQo4u7O4sM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GzcJEVkNRn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must multiply side lengths for area before using area models for distributive property" }, { "topicId": "mt_AR-K72OIIO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_18fK9sQdIz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Problems require formal written multiplication skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_AR-K72OIIO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EmR5n58jZt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Harder problems extend Y3 scaling/correspondence problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_AR-K72OIIO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Lb2ZnMdkYR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Distributive law is explicitly used in problem-solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_ArVBEpMAPk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CVywzrjT_c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pattern identification supports planning targeted enquiries" }, { "topicId": "mt_ArVBEpMAPk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eoPcc4nrBE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must plan enquiries with variable control before running fair tests on prototypes" }, { "topicId": "mt_ArVBEpMAPk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing an enquiry approach and evaluating whether it worked is the science form of the universal strategy-evaluation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_ArVBEpMAPk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qgb76wHN2X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must set up simple fair tests before independently planning enquiries with variable control" }, { "topicId": "mt_ArVBEpMAPk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QR3vxbN1o4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Planning a scientific enquiry is the domain-specific application of the universal task-planning habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_aS-Gdh-MHx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SeNxOZTHCN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Coping with change draws on vocabulary like 'cope', 'strategy', and 'settle'" }, { "topicId": "mt_asRwlPZXC3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SsS7GptD_o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding money as exchange helps connect jobs to earning" }, { "topicId": "mt_AstzvYDU2m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1GVAmcwAiO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating evidence strength and arguing for or against scientific claims requires understanding that all scientific knowledge is provisional and subject to revision" }, { "topicId": "mt_AstzvYDU2m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nyPMkeHlVJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must present own findings before evaluating strength of others' evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_AstzvYDU2m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating the strength of evidence and refuting arguments draws on the universal error-analysis habit — asking why a claim might be wrong" }, { "topicId": "mt_AstzvYDU2m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating scientific evidence to support or refute arguments draws on the inference and evidence-reading skills developed in English comprehension" }, { "topicId": "mt_AstzvYDU2m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X0Tr8IYaEd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating the strength of scientific evidence requires recognising when apparent correlations might not be causal — a key dimension of evidence quality" }, { "topicId": "mt_auJqTemMpI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Psun-u_lPf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Precision vs accuracy and significant figures build on KS2 experience of taking careful measurements with repeat readings" }, { "topicId": "mt_aulwq39aj8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AVk2EmSULC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing the planets provides concrete context for the solar system layer of the hierarchy" }, { "topicId": "mt_aulwq39aj8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u3Y3Tb-G_n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Sun is a star in our solar system before scaling up to galaxy and universe" }, { "topicId": "mt_auVZZEuXjs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1JFUNQDwAJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing physical properties of materials uses solid/liquid/gas vocabulary introduced in the states of matter LANGUAGE node" }, { "topicId": "mt_auVZZEuXjs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZAJvTcroFO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must name materials before describing their properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_AvJMWQbDsr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lIs10UMkPG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Paragraph organisation requires writing for different purposes" }, { "topicId": "mt_AvJMWQbDsr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Organising paragraphs requires narrative writing ability" }, { "topicId": "mt_AvJMWQbDsr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Organising into paragraphs requires 'paragraph', 'heading', 'theme', and 'organisation' as named concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_AVk2EmSULC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u3Y3Tb-G_n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Sun is the centre before naming planets in order from it" }, { "topicId": "mt_AVk2EmSULC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XlyF294bPR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know planets exist before listing them in order" }, { "topicId": "mt_AvrQauS_zX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3WMADSy0mA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Balanced/unbalanced forces supports understanding gravity as an unbalanced force on unsupported objects" }, { "topicId": "mt_AvrQauS_zX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GBY8enpzO0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining gravity requires the force vocabulary: gravity, weight, non-contact force" }, { "topicId": "mt_AvrQauS_zX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k7GOtslF-x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining gravity as a downward force requires representing it as a downward arrow in a force diagram" }, { "topicId": "mt_AvrQauS_zX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lcf8lx-LkZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about non-contact forces before learning gravity as a non-contact force" }, { "topicId": "mt_av-uRBrhwT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HCweOHWSiu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Planning, revising, and editing written pieces requires knowledge of literary and linguistic terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_av-uRBrhwT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HWYAspz-LK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced independent plan/revise/edit (reflecting on audience and purpose, amending without teacher prompts) requires the self-critical reading skill as its foundation — a writer cannot revise independently without being able to judge their own work" }, { "topicId": "mt_av-uRBrhwT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pis4novXWQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 revision and editing extends KS2 evaluating and editing writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_av-uRBrhwT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Revising and editing requires analysing what is wrong with the current draft — the writing form of the universal error-analysis habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_av-uRBrhwT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5yDTWEiyQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The full plan-revise-edit cycle is the writing-domain form of the universal learning-reflection habit — assessing what worked and improving it" }, { "topicId": "mt_aVZJhPbc_1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying language contribution requires literary language understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_aVZJhPbc_1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZhUuT__i2H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Non-fiction structures knowledge supports analysing text presentation" }, { "topicId": "mt_aw0PldeT_L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6-MYToNZ39", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Context clues support morphological analysis" }, { "topicId": "mt_aWOK1npO5s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6J1wmCWf41", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum money problem-solving (Maths Y2) provides arithmetic foundation for making change" }, { "topicId": "mt_aWOK1npO5s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AF2BeFQwfX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Finding coin combinations (Maths Y2) supports change calculation" }, { "topicId": "mt_aWOK1npO5s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FIkqA0qhnj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise coin/note values before calculating change" }, { "topicId": "mt_aWOK1npO5s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RNRymbz5SO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand buying transactions before calculating change" }, { "topicId": "mt__AWSThGJ0d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_asRwlPZXC3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: understanding jobs people do (Money & Finance, 5-7) provides foundation for AI's impact on work" }, { "topicId": "mt__AWSThGJ0d", "prerequisiteId": "mt__BbOjiY5A5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Bias awareness adds depth to understanding AI's impact on employment" }, { "topicId": "mt__AWSThGJ0d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oajUvqAiBJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand human vs machine strengths before exploring how AI changes jobs" }, { "topicId": "mt_AxGPeVRm__", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m31_gPS8F1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding reef as habitat requires knowing animals need food/shelter" }, { "topicId": "mt_AxGPeVRm__", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w2u9bXP9n7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Coral reefs extend habitat concept from accessible rock pools to underwater reefs" }, { "topicId": "mt_AxGPeVRm__", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ytUG3yjCYt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coral reefs as habitat requires knowing ocean has diverse life" }, { "topicId": "mt_aXNlkbAeIk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N1744276Zu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding how evidence works is prerequisite for evaluating archaeological claims" }, { "topicId": "mt_aXNlkbAeIk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PhIZNl2230", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Trojan War is the most famous Greek myth — must know Greek myths first" }, { "topicId": "mt_ay0qkGj0jg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Standard English verb inflections require understanding of past/present tense verb forms" }, { "topicId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1J5fwxNDxL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Grouping living things requires the classification vocabulary — vertebrate, invertebrate, mammal, etc." }, { "topicId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4vHa3I5bNj", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Insect vs non-insect sorting enriches curriculum grouping-by-features" }, { "topicId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt__aHSZTm5k5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Marine animal classification benefits from curriculum grouping-living-things skill" }, { "topicId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OtShuvs3x8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Classifying rainforest life enriches the curriculum grouping-by-features topic (exploratory age 7 -> curriculum age 8)" }, { "topicId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ppENoD8vf1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must identify organisms in habitats before grouping them by observable features" }, { "topicId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zVLOm6U7bh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animal group knowledge supports flexible grouping of organisms" }, { "topicId": "mt_AYzE1EAvI0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand a/b notation before expressing whole numbers as fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_AzTrT5ySCx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u6SYiVx7FX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Voice assistants are one example of AI in daily life" }, { "topicId": "mt_AzTrT5ySCx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WRRv1ABECC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand smart things before spotting AI all around daily life" }, { "topicId": "mt_b0sXYFblDL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cq711F7ruL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand honest selling before examining broader business ethics" }, { "topicId": "mt_b0sXYFblDL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HPf-dVtA3p", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: fair trade & ethics (Money & Finance) extends to business ethics" }, { "topicId": "mt_b0sXYFblDL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QepALf3bin", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Social enterprise awareness supports ethical business thinking" }, { "topicId": "mt_b0sXYFblDL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tqgZH11cP5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Supply chain knowledge reveals ethical issues in production and trade" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1ATUEVNPz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bvxkT1nepy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Named gods and goddesses builds on basic gods and afterlife knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1LdSGMP66", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0T0Zf0YG6k", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ethics of Egyptology parallels ethics of scientific inquiry and evidence evaluation in paleontology" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1LdSGMP66", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IR8kIjZn_V", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Egyptology ethics builds on knowing Howard Carter's discovery" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1LdSGMP66", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kgTN6yk4oE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Egyptology ethics connects to how tombs/pyramids were excavated" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1LdSGMP66", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising that colonial-era collecting shapes how we present ancient Egypt is a direct application of the evidence-vs-interpretation distinction" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1LdSGMP66", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Thinking critically about the ethics of displaying mummies or returning artefacts requires the structured argument-writing skills developed in English — claims, evidence, counterclaims" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1LdSGMP66", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Critically evaluating modern archaeological methods and the ethics of who owns artefacts applies the sourcing habit to contemporary historical practice" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1LdSGMP66", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yNGrY9xJ8Y", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Modern Egyptology ethics builds on understanding artefacts as historical evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1zj1RwQ3a", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GRWwTDZ3wD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rectangular arrays with repeated addition extends array representation from Y2" }, { "topicId": "mt_B1zj1RwQ3a", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PZ909yPrEC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expressing array totals as sums of equal addends requires understanding multiplication as repeated addition" }, { "topicId": "mt_B3W5EfimJw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k7GOtslF-x", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding pushes and pulls as forces is supported by the arrow representation of magnitude and direction" }, { "topicId": "mt_b4lbTOJYwI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hCVPYlF-7Y", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding irrational numbers like √2 requires knowledge of square roots" }, { "topicId": "mt_b4lbTOJYwI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SBkTGjiZjZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding rational vs irrational requires fluency with fraction-decimal conversion" }, { "topicId": "mt_b6kZgqolEd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_htAYR-iCFF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using the particle model to explain density, compressibility, and anomalous expansion requires fluent reading and drawing of particle diagrams" }, { "topicId": "mt_b6kZgqolEd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ylruY6VhOf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 particle model extends US KS2 introduction to matter as particles too small to see" }, { "topicId": "mt_b6kZgqolEd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 particle model extends KS2 classification of solids, liquids and gases by observable properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_b7T-CjOYUR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ebPelt-qAl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Simplifying fractions extends Y5 equivalent fractions concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_b7T-CjOYUR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FHIAv6dfhU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using common factors/multiples requires knowledge of common factors and multiples" }, { "topicId": "mt_b7T-CjOYUR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vKcxX6iNOA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Simplifying fractions to simplest form requires 'simplest form' and 'common factor' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_B8JOz79O6t", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qzwQAOfurw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y3 grammar terminology builds on Y2 grammar terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_B8JOz79O6t", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding subordination needed for clause/subordinate clause terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_B8lX8OCzGu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8VA40Tumth", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding structures supporting survival helps justify classification by specific characteristics" }, { "topicId": "mt_B8lX8OCzGu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IY3KwGLZgk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the broad classification groups before giving reasoned justifications for classification" }, { "topicId": "mt_bABr-c2DfV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VfA4xo4kUv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding cell components requires first knowing that cells are the fundamental unit of life" }, { "topicId": "mt_bAy4dmP1-A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qzbh-_v0Gq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Budgeting awareness helps understand why overspending leads to borrowing" }, { "topicId": "mt_bAy4dmP1-A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uSUqTjOl8m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand banks and interest before learning about loans and debt" }, { "topicId": "mt_bAYy0ytbfC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M2Gou3O6qT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Marketing skills support persuasive pitching" }, { "topicId": "mt_bAYy0ytbfC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_phpn6KhCAv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to plan a business before pitching it" }, { "topicId": "mt__BbOjiY5A5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bPFToj0OhZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand AI can be wrong before examining systematic bias" }, { "topicId": "mt__BbOjiY5A5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K6qtan847r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand training process before grasping how biased data creates biased AI" }, { "topicId": "mt_BdAeZJUOir", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8atyuvPUZc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plotting a scatter graph is the representational skill underpinning the conceptual understanding of correlation described in mt_8atyuvPUZc" }, { "topicId": "mt_Be1A88GUpu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0ajzcoKAKw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 carbon cycle extends KS2 model of matter movement among plants, animals, decomposers and the environment" }, { "topicId": "mt_Be1A88GUpu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mquPi2IP-J", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The carbon cycle's return of CO₂ to the atmosphere via living things is through respiration — the aerobic respiration equation must be understood" }, { "topicId": "mt_Be1A88GUpu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The carbon cycle involves organisms feeding, respiring, and decomposing — understanding food webs provides the biological context" }, { "topicId": "mt_Be1A88GUpu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zM5vu31jgl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The carbon cycle's biological removal of CO₂ is via photosynthesis — that process must be understood to trace carbon through the cycle" }, { "topicId": "mt_bESTSBB0wK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4MFUAsbx_6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing accurate pie chart sectors requires protractor skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_bESTSBB0wK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H6LlpWgEYS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 line graphs extend Y5 line graph interpretation" }, { "topicId": "mt_bESTSBB0wK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oqziWKry-L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing pie charts requires knowing angles at a point sum to 360°" }, { "topicId": "mt_bESTSBB0wK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PNSyfH56eQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pie chart sector angles connect to percentage calculation" }, { "topicId": "mt_bESTSBB0wK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u5HkSxZECM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing pie charts and line graphs requires the display vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_bEvMBUv4eG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E7avIa-tcE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Social hierarchy builds on knowing pharaohs existed as rulers" }, { "topicId": "mt_bEvMBUv4eG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_P0HBNfp46z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Social pyramid builds on knowing daily life of ordinary Egyptians" }, { "topicId": "mt_bEvMBUv4eG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing Egyptian social hierarchy requires 'scribe', 'vizier', 'pharaoh', and related terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_bfhng6mOuy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KJeEeTutJI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing defining vs non-defining attributes requires knowing common 2-D shape names first" }, { "topicId": "mt_bfhng6mOuy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yGv8doDAmp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying defining attributes builds on informal analysis and comparison of shapes" }, { "topicId": "mt_BFJ-ch_8QU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DOe893F6gN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing and ordering measurements with symbols requires being able to measure in standard units" }, { "topicId": "mt_BFJ-ch_8QU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_U0waNfD8PB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using >, <, = for measurements parallels using them for numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_bHbpLW1HUg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EGIlsfHxb6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Radiometric and absolute dating depends on rock strata and relative dating concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_bHbpLW1HUg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z_Wu_77ybI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Radiometric dating depends on understanding atomic structure and isotopes" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhEuF-CCuY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding that Champollion's decipherment transformed interpretations illustrates directly how evidence and interpretation interact" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhEuF-CCuY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Critically evaluating the reliability and bias of historical sources requires sophisticated inference skills developed in English reading comprehension" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhEuF-CCuY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V_kAitNbLN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced Egyptian scribal culture and literary traditions depends on Rosetta Stone and hieroglyphic decipherment" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhEuF-CCuY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wWlZoLQBR6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating how knowledge of ancient Egypt is built from multiple source types, and why the same artefact can be interpreted differently, is corroboration in a domain-specific context" }, { "topicId": "mt__bhJX2SuFJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4vHa3I5bNj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand insect vs non-insect distinctions before using classification keys" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhwf_rDXQL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_adpdEaKEBC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pattern mapping benefits from knowing Earth's surface changes" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhwf_rDXQL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e29VrLfmYt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mapping earthquake patterns requires knowing what earthquakes are" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhwf_rDXQL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KsKLVW_ssY", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mapping volcano/earthquake patterns benefits from knowing about landforms like mountains and valleys" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhwf_rDXQL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NVr4AhsvIq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mapping patterns benefits from understanding earthquake causes" }, { "topicId": "mt_bhwf_rDXQL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mapping volcano patterns requires knowing what volcanoes are" }, { "topicId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EqXlZfB4jp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Segmenting words into phonemes and spelling CVC words requires knowing 'phoneme', 'segment', and 'CVC' as defined terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F978c32kDr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need GPC knowledge to encode phonemes" }, { "topicId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PvU3eoikev", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need segmenting skill for spelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBfj79OqXz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Handwriting needed for spelling practice" }, { "topicId": "mt_bj1YCgNWUx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-vvVxpOHG2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding days/months/years builds on sequencing events chronologically" }, { "topicId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2DBPJ38iWl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand kings and power before grasping the feudal hierarchy" }, { "topicId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M_xcaRcvSo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about knights before understanding their place in the feudal system" }, { "topicId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OiDHqtLoln", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Norman Conquest established the feudal system in England" }, { "topicId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PThM5P7Umd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand peasant life before grasping serfdom in the feudal system" }, { "topicId": "mt_bK84sPehyP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7OJjLOl0fz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Polar animals knowledge enriches the migration topic in Animals of the World (Polar 5-7 -> Animals 7-9)" }, { "topicId": "mt_bK84sPehyP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Migration needs understanding that animals live in different places" }, { "topicId": "mt_bK84sPehyP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YynJoQcm_M", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Wildebeest migration is a key savanna example" }, { "topicId": "mt_bKlnc7dyVK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dpM1l5IOk6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand dinosaurs are extinct before learning fossils are how we know about them" }, { "topicId": "mt_bkMDDstwwG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising that your patterns have changed over time requires first having noticed those patterns in the present" }, { "topicId": "mt_bkMDDstwwG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mb1JUJmnbX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reflecting on your own growth requires first having developed honest self-awareness of your assumptions and reactions — growth reflection is hollow without prior self-scrutiny" }, { "topicId": "mt_bkMDDstwwG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5yDTWEiyQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on your own personal growth is the PSD form of the universal learning-reflection habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_bKV2JYNwf7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H1pAi4F_Oh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Olympics were held in honour of Zeus" }, { "topicId": "mt_bKV2JYNwf7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mMMXD4v9Sh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Olympics need geographic context of ancient Greece" }, { "topicId": "mt_bkvB7QYKwg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_86DyHo9zO3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adapting speech builds on formal/informal register" }, { "topicId": "mt_bkvB7QYKwg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h3vmvQW5Wa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adapting speech builds on formal vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_BLQ2_OXPod", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Appreciating eruption power benefits from knowing what a volcano is" }, { "topicId": "mt_BLzNxSSdWu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j6ENpc8--_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 narrative technique builds on KS2 planning narrative writing from author techniques" }, { "topicId": "mt_BLzNxSSdWu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tn1rY9GbEZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing narratives with pacing, point of view, and varied transitions depends on command of the full toolkit of transitional and cohesive devices for signalling shifts in time, setting, and perspective" }, { "topicId": "mt_BLzNxSSdWu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vauULTecMH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 narrative writing extends KS2 writing narratives with settings, characters, and plot" }, { "topicId": "mt_-bMnJcPJy8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_J4j7d3iAfg", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing experimental and theoretical probability requires prior experience conducting simple experiments and recording results" }, { "topicId": "mt_-bMnJcPJy8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zt30Gxi-qp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing experimental results with theoretical predictions requires being able to calculate the theoretical probability first" }, { "topicId": "mt_bn5ggh84qD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_18qkgxr_-T", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing plural -s from possessive -'s requires understanding of regular plurals" }, { "topicId": "mt_bn5ggh84qD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mKAZTqItRG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing plural -s from possessive 's requires prior knowledge of how apostrophes mark possession" }, { "topicId": "mt_bn5ggh84qD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z3G_97fnha", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on singular possessive apostrophe to contrast with plural -s" }, { "topicId": "mt_BnabTHkNIp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dpM1l5IOk6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand dinosaurs existed before learning to name species" }, { "topicId": "mt_BO_AHGLCk0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4pLvMN8uzL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Thunder/lightning science builds on basic storm safety awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_BO_AHGLCk0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IhWzO4sQPg", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Lightning forms in clouds; requires understanding cloud formation" }, { "topicId": "mt_BOG5zRYtQz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Energy flow through trophic levels requires first understanding food webs and the feeding relationships they represent" }, { "topicId": "mt_BOG5zRYtQz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uVaS12lN1i", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tracing energy transfer through trophic levels requires the food web diagram representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_bO-njVOige", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hCVPYlF-7Y", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Standard form uses powers of 10 which requires understanding integer powers" }, { "topicId": "mt_bPFToj0OhZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K6qtan847r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand how training works before understanding why it can go wrong" }, { "topicId": "mt_brgde1Vx0P", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1J5fwxNDxL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using classification keys to name living things requires the classification group vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_brgde1Vx0P", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand grouping by features before using formal classification keys" }, { "topicId": "mt_brgde1Vx0P", "prerequisiteId": "mt__bhJX2SuFJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Minibeast classification keys are a concrete application of curriculum classification-keys" }, { "topicId": "mt_BtMbZibZUj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F978c32kDr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know single letter sounds before vowel digraphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_BVpB5wyijZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PiWZA8Z0ZJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know stars are sky objects before recognising patterns among them" }, { "topicId": "mt_bvxkT1nepy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mmudyxf7bT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Gods and afterlife connect to pyramids as burial places" }, { "topicId": "mt_bvxkT1nepy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing the afterlife and burial beliefs requires 'mummy', 'sarcophagus', 'tomb' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_BX4D8cCFtQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g4YSiOCS8g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding skeleton and muscles provides context for internal organ systems" }, { "topicId": "mt_BX4D8cCFtQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g_M4Vh_pK7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enrichment knowledge of 4-chamber heart and double loop supports formal curriculum study of circulatory system" }, { "topicId": "mt_BX4D8cCFtQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K8DJzqbksM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying and naming parts of the circulatory system requires circulatory system vocabulary: artery, vein, capillary, blood vessel" }, { "topicId": "mt_BX4D8cCFtQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ruk2-lyGPZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know digestive system before learning circulatory system that transports digested nutrients" }, { "topicId": "mt_ByXgbTld6R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PiWZA8Z0ZJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Moon is a sky object before observing its phases" }, { "topicId": "mt_Bztatrv-_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_13CtLTcWUB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Predator-prey strategies build on curriculum classification of carnivores/herbivores/omnivores" }, { "topicId": "mt_Bztatrv-_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pwo81ls_J-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Predator-prey builds on camouflage as a defence strategy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Bztatrv-_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V_wIdRZLsG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Nocturnal hunting connects to predator strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_Bztatrv-_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YynJoQcm_M", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Savanna predator-prey (lions/zebras) is foundation for predator-prey strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_c29FaCTNsx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u5HkSxZECM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing pictograms, tally charts, and bar charts requires these display vocabulary terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_c29FaCTNsx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xppl18avyY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing pictograms and tally charts requires classifying and counting objects first" }, { "topicId": "mt_c29FaCTNsx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ylXdiVRAYv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Data representation formats (pictograms, tally charts) support organising data" }, { "topicId": "mt_C3eNLQJlgt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2yas4Unc8o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reading and constructing historical timelines requires understanding time unit conversions (decades, centuries, millennia)" }, { "topicId": "mt_C3eNLQJlgt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jBQS-CicNn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reading a timeline with a scale and reading coordinates on a grid share the same positional-notation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_-c4Ca_nBzX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_J4j7d3iAfg", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Practical experiment experience provides the intuitive grounding that makes fractional probability representation meaningful" }, { "topicId": "mt_-c4Ca_nBzX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k2WE0-22-4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expressing probabilities as unit fractions (1/6, 1/2, 1/3) requires prior knowledge of unit fractions from the Fractions domain" }, { "topicId": "mt_-c4Ca_nBzX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xSgAgg9Ej_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using fractions to represent probability only makes sense for equally-likely outcomes, so the equally-likely concept must come first" }, { "topicId": "mt_C7abt7pRr6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BtMbZibZUj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need to understand vowel sounds before split digraphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_C7FNeIDGc6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lp1eTsQen7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cells-to-systems hierarchy helps organise knowledge of heart as an organ in a system" }, { "topicId": "mt_C7FNeIDGc6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pJ5zsocdNx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cells-to-systems hierarchy helps organise knowledge of brain as an organ in a system" }, { "topicId": "mt_C7FNeIDGc6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tiPyEkm4cU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cells-to-systems hierarchy helps organise knowledge of lungs as organs in a system" }, { "topicId": "mt_C9ZfT-4cgn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GRWwTDZ3wD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Arrays help demonstrate commutativity (rotate the array)" }, { "topicId": "mt_C9ZfT-4cgn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PZ909yPrEC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Commutativity of multiplication requires understanding multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt__casygEB85", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5NwqN6pf_A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rounding to any place extends Y5 rounding" }, { "topicId": "mt__casygEB85", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ac7oMWhyPw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rounding decimals requires reading/writing decimals to thousandths" }, { "topicId": "mt_cB7hV8sw7X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Producing coherent writing for task/purpose/audience requires these as precise, understood concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_cB7hV8sw7X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Producing coherent writing matched to task/purpose/audience builds on planning skills; learners must know how to plan before they can match organisation to purpose" }, { "topicId": "mt_cB7hV8sw7X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AvJMWQbDsr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Coherent organisation requires facility with paragraphs and structural devices like headings" }, { "topicId": "mt_CBHwluE6Lp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a1FdAsRKOF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Add/sub within one whole is prerequisite to extending beyond one whole" }, { "topicId": "mt_CBxOcjh69x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Invasive species are one cause of endangerment" }, { "topicId": "mt_CBxOcjh69x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding adaptation explains why invasives succeed and natives fail" }, { "topicId": "mt_CBxOcjh69x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Invasive species concept requires knowing animals have specific environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "prerequisiteId": "mt_glPPG-kTQY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 100 builds on strategy-based adding within 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "prerequisiteId": "mt__t4afSyZRm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 100 requires fluent single-digit facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_Cc-QHVo747", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yrMniCJu_S", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing conclusions builds on prepared discussion" }, { "topicId": "mt_CDa5AVakLE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mpS-JK_p_m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving four-digit problems requires columnar methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_CDa5AVakLE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XuHmIn2xje", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Two-step A+S context problems extend Y3 problem-solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_cdMlC7EpTJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4V6hvcuEJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding unknown angles in polygons requires reading diagrams where known angles are marked with arcs and tick marks" }, { "topicId": "mt_cdMlC7EpTJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_liIW336odh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding angles in polygons requires knowing shape properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_cdMlC7EpTJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oqziWKry-L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding unknown angles builds on Y5 angle sum facts (180°, 360°)" }, { "topicId": "mt_cEQqskOaoo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bkMDDstwwG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising how emotional awareness has grown over time is the Emotional Literacy domain-specific form of the foundational growth-reflection habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_cEQqskOaoo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on emotional patterns over time and recognising recurring triggers builds on the foundational habit of noticing patterns in your reactions" }, { "topicId": "mt_cEQqskOaoo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jd2aWEUJ9G", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Emotional pattern reflection connects to coping toolkit reflection" }, { "topicId": "mt_cEQqskOaoo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KA5j5OeGvw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reflecting on emotional patterns builds on understanding emotions influence decisions" }, { "topicId": "mt_cEQqskOaoo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nIl1kKZHsk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflection on patterns benefits from understanding cultural context" }, { "topicId": "mt_cEzX5r7kp0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1wxwg782yX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe parent-offspring resemblance before analysing inherited traits with data" }, { "topicId": "mt_cEzX5r7kp0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oR6dwRj2Ll", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know offspring grow into adults before observing parent-offspring similarities and differences" }, { "topicId": "mt_cEzX5r7kp0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-vsLvsxp0L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animal babies looking different from parents connects to curriculum offspring resemblance topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g3W0mdADVu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Working with 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 extends from Y1 understanding of quarters" }, { "topicId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-hTTat0mBR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Working with fractions extends from Y1 understanding of halves" }, { "topicId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LpSuPgL31x", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Finding fractions of quantities uses equal sharing (division)" }, { "topicId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vKcxX6iNOA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing fractions like 1/3 and 3/4 requires knowing numerator and denominator" }, { "topicId": "mt_c-F__Qe23X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CSGqz245rV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Athens vs Sparta contrasts are key context for women's lives comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_c-F__Qe23X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IlyE-Sm8k5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding historical context/empathy needed before evaluating lives of marginalised groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_c-F__Qe23X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N1744276Zu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating whose voices are missing requires understanding how evidence works" }, { "topicId": "mt_c-F__Qe23X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFYFvgrPgD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding Roman society structure needed for examining enslaved people in Rome" }, { "topicId": "mt_Cg8VPguS_V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fmm-P17Vka", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating the mean requires 'mean' and 'average' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_Cg8VPguS_V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JH_6RpNWjr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating mean requires decimal addition" }, { "topicId": "mt_Cg8VPguS_V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lU-2aTRB9f", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating mean requires division giving decimal answers" }, { "topicId": "mt_ChjMU2GDJa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Scaled bar charts are prerequisite to continuous data and time graphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_ChjMU2GDJa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u5HkSxZECM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing discrete from continuous data and choosing graphical methods requires these terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_cJ8CeyRKKs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B1ATUEVNPz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mummification involves prayers to specific gods like Anubis" }, { "topicId": "mt_cJ8CeyRKKs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bvxkT1nepy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mummification process builds on knowing about afterlife beliefs and tomb treasures" }, { "topicId": "mt_cJ8CeyRKKs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g4YSiOCS8g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowledge of the body's internal organs helps children understand which organs were removed and preserved in canopic jars during mummification" }, { "topicId": "mt_cJ8CeyRKKs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing mummification requires 'natron', 'canopic jar', 'sarcophagus', 'linen' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_cJjnPjuvCU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i1kk9HDctI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Goal-setting and progress monitoring uses vocabulary of self-regulation and managing distress when things go wrong" }, { "topicId": "mt_cJjnPjuvCU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jIszRCO2ij", "strength": "soft", "reason": "PSD goal-setting scaffolds the learning goal practices taught in Learning-to-Learn" }, { "topicId": "mt_cJjnPjuvCU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_miGrca8zaS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Goal-setting builds on ability to break tasks into steps" }, { "topicId": "mt_CK2orHetl3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aO018DkCun", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know penguins live in Antarctic (not Arctic) from the comparison topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_ck57CDFGet", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WNBHZ1d94L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 plant reproduction (flower anatomy, pollination types, dispersal mechanisms) extends KS2 plant lifecycle" }, { "topicId": "mt_ckpA3oZQ44", "prerequisiteId": "mt_68pIoiiG4g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Power is the rate of energy transfer — the concept of energy stores and conservation must be understood before rates can be discussed" }, { "topicId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4uPnLieBPN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Polar regions enrich the curriculum habitats topic (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)" }, { "topicId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Fw0bbM1e_g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing how habitats provide for basic needs requires habitat, environment, conditions, shelter vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FZ_ixwU1p1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rainforest habitat knowledge enriches the curriculum habitats topic (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)" }, { "topicId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic needs of organisms before understanding how habitats provide for those needs" }, { "topicId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m31_gPS8F1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean animal needs parallels curriculum habitats/basic needs concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oLHXfLujmh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animal homes concept is enriched by curriculum habitats topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Sa48W7KXB5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must distinguish living from non-living before understanding habitats that support living things" }, { "topicId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zir5yyAzUB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exploratory micro-habitats knowledge enriches curriculum habitats topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_cMmG8VLbAp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5_kErPeeNu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand glaciers and ice sheets before the broader cryosphere concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_cMmG8VLbAp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Water cycle understanding enriches the cryosphere-water system topic (Weather 7-9 -> Polar 9-11)" }, { "topicId": "mt_cMmG8VLbAp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g1qgxmlJQ2", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean connections enrich the water system perspective" }, { "topicId": "mt__CMXZiPfTV", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need to read root words before inflected forms" }, { "topicId": "mt_cOknxrYhwL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2oswCNuapH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Examining own biases builds on understanding stereotypes" }, { "topicId": "mt_cOknxrYhwL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HFN1pGASpZ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Examining biases benefits from understanding prejudice impact" }, { "topicId": "mt_cOknxrYhwL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mb1JUJmnbX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on unconscious assumptions and biases towards others builds on the foundational habit of questioning your first reading of social situations" }, { "topicId": "mt_cpDpjJaE5u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JmMtZCifJB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must evaluate weather hazard solutions before comparing solutions for broader natural hazards" }, { "topicId": "mt_cpDpjJaE5u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YB0qF5KX9C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Discussing solutions to reduce impacts of natural processes uses environmental vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_cpDpjJaE5u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZJu8s-Q1xa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fast/slow Earth events before designing solutions to reduce their impacts" }, { "topicId": "mt_cPZwlUk8Nd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fR0UtsSREU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising coin values requires reading numerals (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50)" }, { "topicId": "mt_cq711F7ruL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CrGnpVjnk8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Selling experience provides context for understanding honest business practice" }, { "topicId": "mt_cq711F7ruL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vpMDMbx4pc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand customer concept before learning about customer service and trust" }, { "topicId": "mt_Cqm8iy48UI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2yas4Unc8o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Time conversion supports interpreting timetables" }, { "topicId": "mt_Cqm8iy48UI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading scaled charts/tables is prerequisite to interpreting timetables" }, { "topicId": "mt_cqSf213hSa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KaF0SQvaiu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring with iterated units extends Y1 beginning to measure length" }, { "topicId": "mt_cqSf213hSa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_skYly2Qm01", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Measuring with units benefits from ability to order and compare lengths" }, { "topicId": "mt_CqzsM0BDFP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_doVAdMqfJg", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand castle structure before studying how castles were attacked and defended" }, { "topicId": "mt_CqzsM0BDFP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M_xcaRcvSo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knights fought in sieges — armour knowledge enriches siege understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_CrGnpVjnk8", "prerequisiteId": "mt__ab4knIaSL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: needs vs wants (Money & Finance) helps understand what makes a product desirable" }, { "topicId": "mt_CrGnpVjnk8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RgQxPddV8v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what goods are before creating a product to sell" }, { "topicId": "mt_CrGnpVjnk8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SbEaQnMQoD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand exchange before making something to sell" }, { "topicId": "mt_CSGqz245rV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_19qy2uuaKp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing city-states builds on comparing ancient vs modern life" }, { "topicId": "mt_CSGqz245rV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mMMXD4v9Sh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Athens vs Sparta needs geographic/civilisation context from 5-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_cSPtyLF3q1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CVywzrjT_c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying differences/similarities (curriculum inquiry skill) supports reading cladograms based on shared features" }, { "topicId": "mt_cSPtyLF3q1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yrSdVrXrsF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand dinosaur classification before creating cladograms showing relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_cSz7XTxVAx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_udgPy5oAvR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding the economy provides context for how taxes fit into public finance" }, { "topicId": "mt_cSz7XTxVAx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uP9faJlnRq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand earning money before learning that governments take a share as tax" }, { "topicId": "mt_cU3LcEVkBQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_f_dMmvzxwo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Defining words by attributes supports choosing descriptive adjectives for noun phrases" }, { "topicId": "mt_cU3LcEVkBQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sentence concept helps understanding where noun phrases fit" }, { "topicId": "mt_cU3LcEVkBQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what nouns are before expanding noun phrases" }, { "topicId": "mt_CUmjcE7W6c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3VmBdlAeOZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 8-9 quantitative reasoning is prerequisite to age 9-10 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_CUmjcE7W6c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q9EaJc2FP8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Long multiplication with area models connects situations to visual and symbolic representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_CUmjcE7W6c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZM9mhHsyYZ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Percentage/fraction/decimal equivalence exercises fluency between representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_cUMUYkDqZp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8ad4U6msea", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Philosophy and democracy were intertwined in Athens" }, { "topicId": "mt_cUMUYkDqZp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CSGqz245rV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Philosophers lived in Athens — need city-state context" }, { "topicId": "mt_curkA82CmO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Precis builds on summarising main ideas" }, { "topicId": "mt_cVp_nop-5L", "prerequisiteId": "mt__BbOjiY5A5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand bias before examining fairness in high-stakes AI decisions" }, { "topicId": "mt_cVp_nop-5L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oajUvqAiBJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Human vs machine comparison provides context for when AI should/shouldn't decide" }, { "topicId": "mt_CVywzrjT_c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7VrR1GzhrN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must draw conclusions before identifying patterns and using evidence to support findings" }, { "topicId": "mt_CVywzrjT_c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5KC4AnRLW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using evidence to answer scientific questions mirrors the skill of asking and answering questions about key details in informational texts in English" }, { "topicId": "mt_CVywzrjT_c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QrVF5n7vci", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying similarities and differences in evidence opens up space for alternative explanations — patterns that differ from expectations prompt the habit of seeking alternatives" }, { "topicId": "mt_CVywzrjT_c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying similarities, differences, and changes in scientific data is the science form of the universal pattern-and-structure recognition habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_cxJRc15osy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lp1eTsQen7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Basic needs (exercise keeps heart strong) connects to knowing the heart pumps blood" }, { "topicId": "mt_cxJRc15osy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tiPyEkm4cU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Basic needs (body needs air) connects to knowing about breathing and lungs" }, { "topicId": "mt_CyV7crZ8hl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_b6kZgqolEd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Changes of state are explained using the particle model — the particle model must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_CyV7crZ8hl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_htAYR-iCFF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Explaining changes of state using the particle model draws on particle diagram literacy" }, { "topicId": "mt_CyV7crZ8hl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 heating/cooling curves and particle-level explanation extends KS2 observation that materials change state at specific temperatures" }, { "topicId": "mt_D4lyx0iYyB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0zqOTjjW2k", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Arctic and desert are contrasting extreme environments, each enriches understanding of the other" }, { "topicId": "mt_D4lyx0iYyB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7OJjLOl0fz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animals of the World polar topic builds on knowing specific polar animals (Polar Regions 5-7 -> Animals 7-9)" }, { "topicId": "mt_D4lyx0iYyB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9EoS35vaYB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Polar animals share adaptation concepts with ocean animal adaptations (blubber, streamlining)" }, { "topicId": "mt_D4lyx0iYyB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aO018DkCun", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Arctic vs Antarctic distinction enriches Animals of the World polar topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_D4lyx0iYyB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pwo81ls_J-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Arctic camouflage (white coats) builds on understanding of camouflage" }, { "topicId": "mt_D4lyx0iYyB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Polar animals builds on knowing animals live everywhere including cold places" }, { "topicId": "mt_d7XktBQPxm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IuHa5UI5od", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring by counting cubes requires understanding unit cube concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_d8al9JcajP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6oxQPNLHNv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring in standard units is prerequisite to converting between units" }, { "topicId": "mt_d8al9JcajP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EXlmTURK_o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Knowing seconds/minute, days/month etc. is prerequisite to unit conversion problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_DA7-JYRvtP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9nxyFoYD_b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must identify electrical appliances before building circuits" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Climate change requires understanding what climate is" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fkcxpeYP85", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Greenhouse effect requires understanding the atmosphere" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate change understanding enriched by knowing ocean absorbs heat and CO2" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TMOzMCE17H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate change impact clearer with climate zones context" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VI5kdtf28e", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate change connects to curriculum energy/fuels and environmental impact" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-YYnLLIZh5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate change understanding benefits from knowing Sun drives weather" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbXWivdJFB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_13CtLTcWUB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Carnivore/herbivore classification helps understand why animals have different teeth" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbXWivdJFB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_I047mKeeaq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enrichment knowledge of four tooth types supports formal curriculum study of teeth and their functions" }, { "topicId": "mt_DbXWivdJFB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ruk2-lyGPZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know digestive system before studying teeth as the first stage of digestion" }, { "topicId": "mt_DCelLx_H1A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-0cjwyYhce", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animals of the World rainforest topic depends on understanding the four layers (exploratory age 5 -> exploratory age 7)" }, { "topicId": "mt_DCelLx_H1A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oLHXfLujmh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rainforest layers connect to the idea of animals having different homes" }, { "topicId": "mt_DCelLx_H1A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rainforest animals builds on knowing animals live in diverse environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_DCelLx_H1A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xVW5U41tbp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animals of the World rainforest topic builds on knowing specific rainforest animals (exploratory age 5 -> exploratory age 7)" }, { "topicId": "mt_deexfCHU9m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e6PP4ip39V", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding organism-habitat relationships supports understanding human impact on environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_d-EKO-pKkP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DA7-JYRvtP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know circuit components before testing which materials conduct electricity" }, { "topicId": "mt_DI1cyAyGyN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JyfLtl_nhw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The heating experiment applies the Q = mcΔT equation and efficiency concepts — those calculations must be understood before doing the practical" }, { "topicId": "mt_Dj2xr8CoI0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jc9k_HJQGd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Dressing for weather benefits from knowing weather types" }, { "topicId": "mt_Dj2xr8CoI0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PrWc-HZzDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Clothing choices benefit from understanding temperature" }, { "topicId": "mt_DJh2JPwTf6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_13CtLTcWUB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum herbivore/carnivore/omnivore classification provides foundation for dinosaur diet sorting" }, { "topicId": "mt_DJh2JPwTf6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BnabTHkNIp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing common species helps when sorting them by diet" }, { "topicId": "mt_DJh2JPwTf6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dpM1l5IOk6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand dinosaurs existed before classifying their diets" }, { "topicId": "mt_dknMcCqvoY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_phpn6KhCAv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Having planned and tried makes failure a meaningful learning experience" }, { "topicId": "mt_dknMcCqvoY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RTwmvr9R7V", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have tried generating ideas before learning that ideas can fail" }, { "topicId": "mt_DkzsZdyaL2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mDp-1vlL3R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cultural appreciation benefits from understanding fairness" }, { "topicId": "mt_DkzsZdyaL2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S7UTAhptLi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cultural diversity appreciation builds on understanding different lives" }, { "topicId": "mt_DLcEzmmj2r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Word problems within 100 require fluent addition/subtraction within 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_DLcEzmmj2r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xWg0lI_gG4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Length word problems build on comparing measured lengths" }, { "topicId": "mt_dlm3NspUyy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MOY_2Cqalz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mixed emotions needs wider vocabulary to describe conflicting feelings" }, { "topicId": "mt_dlm3NspUyy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rymBfJmvFl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mixed emotions builds on understanding emotion intensity/nuance" }, { "topicId": "mt_dmFnJzxKwz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IX37F4rNed", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Citing textual evidence extends KS2 providing reasoned justifications with evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_dmFnJzxKwz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evidence-based inference builds on KS2 drawing inferences from texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WcfaSfVT33", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'" }, { "topicId": "mt_DMvKfP4uGC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBfj79OqXz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need to form letters before grouping into families" }, { "topicId": "mt_DNYQLahbfa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_liIW336odh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends KS2 shape classification into formal property derivation" }, { "topicId": "mt_DNYQLahbfa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WtIFJSCQIT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Deriving shape properties requires fluent geometric vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_DOe893F6gN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4lp_b5Pzik", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using standard units for capacity extends from beginning to measure capacity" }, { "topicId": "mt_DOe893F6gN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KaF0SQvaiu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using standard units for length extends from beginning to measure length" }, { "topicId": "mt_DOe893F6gN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zd0YkB3xNj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using standard units for mass extends from beginning to measure mass" }, { "topicId": "mt_doVAdMqfJg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OiDHqtLoln", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Norman Conquest triggered major castle-building programme in England" }, { "topicId": "mt_doVAdMqfJg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oN7fI4d_kU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have basic castle knowledge before studying castle evolution and architecture" }, { "topicId": "mt_doX1BhmFgk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YzM5goBctT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Count in tenths is prerequisite to extending to hundredths" }, { "topicId": "mt_DQk9oDE7gr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LxK9OKZQZX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing sound as a longitudinal pressure wave requires the general wave properties framework" }, { "topicId": "mt_DQk9oDE7gr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ydtcIBwHB9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sound as a pressure wave extends the understanding that vibrations travel through media" }, { "topicId": "mt_dRCnJEIwk4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9EoS35vaYB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Deep sea adaptations extend general adaptation concept to extreme conditions" }, { "topicId": "mt_dRCnJEIwk4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sQpIV0-qY7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Deep sea life builds on knowing ocean zones, especially the midnight zone" }, { "topicId": "mt_dRCnJEIwk4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yxL1v4LuqR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Deep sea life lives on the ocean floor; terrain knowledge enriches understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_DRlbMok2lT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ep7TDFuYUa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Equivalent fractions understanding supports recognising decimal equivalents of common fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_DRlbMok2lT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "General decimal equivalents prerequisite to specific 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 equivalents" }, { "topicId": "mt_dRLP8g0SAg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_curkA82CmO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Paraphrasing relates to precis skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_dRLP8g0SAg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FW9_8F52bw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Gathering and paraphrasing builds on research projects" }, { "topicId": "mt_ds2TOtP8I1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4A7FYmvVhA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Oral reporting extends giving descriptions and explanations with detail" }, { "topicId": "mt_ds2TOtP8I1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZBMcX2oRor", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Oral reporting connects to recitation and spoken presentation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_dSeFrAWE4v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BLQ2_OXPod", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Classification benefits from understanding eruptions vary in power" }, { "topicId": "mt_dSeFrAWE4v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Classifying volcanoes requires knowing what a volcano is" }, { "topicId": "mt_-DuXzMVVXQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Paraphrasing requires the ability to identify main ideas and summarise; learners must extract key ideas before restating them in own words" }, { "topicId": "mt_DVSHx3YMkN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmFnJzxKwz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Analysing word choice impact requires citing evidence from the text" }, { "topicId": "mt_DVSHx3YMkN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_furAIwoO9t", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 figurative language analysis extends KS2 evaluating how authors use figurative language" }, { "topicId": "mt_DW2D1c0fKx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QCgbiVrwnp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Deliberately applying commutativity to make addition easier exercises using structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_DW2D1c0fKx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using place-value structure (tens and ones) to solve problems efficiently" }, { "topicId": "mt_DW2D1c0fKx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uG2mjHFOlO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 6-7 using structure deliberately builds on age 5-6 noticing simple patterns and structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_d-WZC2OyMB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ep7TDFuYUa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Equivalent fractions require selecting appropriate fraction models" }, { "topicId": "mt_d-WZC2OyMB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IL86kadLSS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Elapsed time problems require choosing between number line and mental methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_d-WZC2OyMB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mQcWGh02no", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 strategic tool use is prerequisite to age 8-9 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_dXq9VWm31W", "prerequisiteId": "mt_19j_5AuuQI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Number line representations exercise moving between diagrams and equations" }, { "topicId": "mt_dXq9VWm31W", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EBYGhd8X3x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 quantitative reasoning builds on age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_dXq9VWm31W", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Kr3IyA6m-O", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Placing fractions on number lines exercises connecting representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_DyGBW3ZHh3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Two-digit × one-digit uses place-value partitioning (e.g. 23 × 4 = 20 × 4 + 3 × 4)" }, { "topicId": "mt_DyGBW3ZHh3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wQ89AEXhz3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Written multiplication/division requires known table facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_DyGBW3ZHh3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zOWwLxa77y", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing multiplication/division statements requires fluency with symbols" }, { "topicId": "mt_E1wR8IfCV6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_13CtLTcWUB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Carnivore/herbivore/omnivore classification supports understanding nutrition differences" }, { "topicId": "mt_E1wR8IfCV6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic survival needs before learning about nutrition types and food groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_e1Yr6rhRNW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MlD0gwLSw9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Boudicca's revolt is a response to the Roman invasion of Britain" }, { "topicId": "mt_e3-_toGuWf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MVovx37Xct", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Giving evidence-based reasons for material uses draws on conductor, insulator, and other property vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_e4x3l2JeLI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cqSf213hSa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using standard measurement tools extends measuring with non-standard units" }, { "topicId": "mt_e4x3l2JeLI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DOe893F6gN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing appropriate tools builds on choosing appropriate units" }, { "topicId": "mt_E5ju6kQSu3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kvrvpQris4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising masked feelings builds on expressing own feelings appropriately" }, { "topicId": "mt_E5ju6kQSu3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rymBfJmvFl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising masked feelings benefits from understanding emotion intensity" }, { "topicId": "mt_E5KC4AnRLW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sSQlLOnAow", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need story elements to extract key details" }, { "topicId": "mt_E5YbLvMgLL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VLu59hpQ4T", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Synonym and antonym work builds on shades of meaning; learners must distinguish intensity gradations before systematically relating words through synonym/antonym relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_e6PP4ip39V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand organism needs before modelling needs-habitat relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_E7avIa-tcE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Knowing about pharaohs requires the term 'pharaoh' and associated vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_e7filQgayF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_14T5yPXUq_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word problems require the computational skill of adding/subtracting unlike-denominator fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_e7filQgayF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZLqYE7la4Z", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Extends Y5 fraction word problems to unlike denominators" }, { "topicId": "mt_e8CZ7E5qW7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7XcCG43ZZW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Making 10 is a specific application of decomposing numbers into pairs" }, { "topicId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0zqOTjjW2k", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Desert adaptations are key examples for understanding adaptation categories" }, { "topicId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bK84sPehyP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Migration is a behavioural adaptation example" }, { "topicId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Bztatrv-_v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Predator-prey adaptations are formalized in the adaptation framework" }, { "topicId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_D4lyx0iYyB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Polar adaptations are key examples for understanding adaptation categories" }, { "topicId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LRzjbo1Fn6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animal adaptations topic parallels and enriches curriculum adaptation/evolution concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pwo81ls_J-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adaptations formalizes what camouflage introduced (structural adaptation)" }, { "topicId": "mt_EbiGRVK8uR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cU3LcEVkBQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expanded NPs with preposition phrases build on Y2 expanded NPs with adjectives" }, { "topicId": "mt_EbiGRVK8uR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VY3rBq8RyP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Preposition phrases within NPs rely on preposition knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_ebPelt-qAl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ep7TDFuYUa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding equivalence conceptually is prerequisite to explaining algebraically" }, { "topicId": "mt_ebPelt-qAl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FP-mjXaq3B", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Generating equivalent fractions with visual models is prerequisite to algebraic explanation of equivalence" }, { "topicId": "mt_EBYGhd8X3x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8RmpkDxT9L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Connecting representations to number sentences requires fluency with +, -, = symbols" }, { "topicId": "mt_EBYGhd8X3x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ehGS_uVSJv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Inverse relationship understanding requires moving between addition and subtraction representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_EBYGhd8X3x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IM1G_7QzTa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 6-7 quantitative reasoning builds on age 5-6 concrete-to-representation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_edaoZRkK6M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yDZbQODIwp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Hazard risk management and community decision-making depends on earthquake-resistant building design" }, { "topicId": "mt_EDgw64OmfA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kdWoAel3Zl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding 1/10 of requires familiarity with thousandths" }, { "topicId": "mt_EDgw64OmfA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QqG6IdmTSE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "×10 both directions extends Y5 ×10 relationship" }, { "topicId": "mt_EedcpioR0v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kH1DzOPsXG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand data before grasping how recommendation systems track clicks" }, { "topicId": "mt_EedcpioR0v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ofOGCQ7FWj", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pattern recognition concept underpins recommendation algorithms" }, { "topicId": "mt_Eehl12cSnN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KmPZ5diLEP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing character/setting/event in depth builds on analysing character traits and motivations; the step up is from trait analysis to comprehensive in-depth description using multiple textual details" }, { "topicId": "mt_efOeaGFyGM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hR2Y7NhMSY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Completing symmetric figures supports understanding reflection" }, { "topicId": "mt_efOeaGFyGM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i5_HnoFOYw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Performing reflections and translations on a coordinate grid requires the ability to plot specified points" }, { "topicId": "mt_efOeaGFyGM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SH7QgFl8-v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing and representing reflections and translations requires the grid-based transformation diagram" }, { "topicId": "mt_efOeaGFyGM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Uq5vYqboCR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 translations on a grid is prerequisite to formal reflection and translation" }, { "topicId": "mt_EGIlsfHxb6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iycQEai3dK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fossil formation in sediment before understanding rock layer sequencing" }, { "topicId": "mt_EGIlsfHxb6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NYA50DFcOO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Dinosaurs rock strata/relative dating benefits from knowing rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)" }, { "topicId": "mt_EGIlsfHxb6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R6YoRXkRxS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding rock classification (sedimentary/igneous/metamorphic) helps understand strata and relative dating" }, { "topicId": "mt_EGIlsfHxb6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uQljqc0J5j", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding geological periods helps contextualise the strata timeline" }, { "topicId": "mt_ehC1wsdmUz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rbPioPELM1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand irreversible changes before proving mass is conserved in all types of change" }, { "topicId": "mt_ehC1wsdmUz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UKmtuAsSLN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand reversible changes before investigating conservation of mass during changes" }, { "topicId": "mt_ehC1wsdmUz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ylruY6VhOf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Particle model supports understanding why mass is conserved (particles aren't destroyed)" }, { "topicId": "mt_ehGS_uVSJv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ezc2m_0dzN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Inverse relationship builds on understanding subtraction as unknown-addend" }, { "topicId": "mt_EHiM4_qg1R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8ad4U6msea", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Deepens the democracy topic from 7-9" }, { "topicId": "mt_EHiM4_qg1R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFYFvgrPgD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparison with Roman republican government enriches analysis" }, { "topicId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GzcJEVkNRn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiply side lengths for area is prerequisite to applying area formula" }, { "topicId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WtcFrxGOgw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 perimeter problems are prerequisite to applying perimeter formula" }, { "topicId": "mt_EIbltgXRWR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H9RAGGiHBL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating Mars mission challenges depends on knowing key milestones in human space exploration" }, { "topicId": "mt_EIbltgXRWR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v9uYnIY5-B", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mars/SETI/Fermi paradox analysis depends on understanding the scale of the universe" }, { "topicId": "mt_eKJG-0eC6D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bESTSBB0wK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 chart construction extends KS2 pie charts and line graphs to grouped data" }, { "topicId": "mt_eKJG-0eC6D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Cqm8iy48UI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Frequency tables extend KS2 table interpretation to grouped numerical data" }, { "topicId": "mt_eKJG-0eC6D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fmm-P17Vka", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Constructing and interpreting frequency tables and charts draws on frequency and distribution vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_eKJG-0eC6D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iEXqN48w3x", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pie chart construction requires calculating percentages/fractions for angle calculation" }, { "topicId": "mt__EL7DHjf5R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LTb0ZReMR2", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Early caring-for-minibeasts attitude provides foundation for conservation action" }, { "topicId": "mt__EL7DHjf5R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r6oKXpN0er", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand insects' ecosystem roles to grasp why their decline matters" }, { "topicId": "mt_EmR5n58jZt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DyGBW3ZHh3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving mult/div problems requires computational skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_EmR5n58jZt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wh3UqnWsa7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Scaling and correspondence problems extend Y2 problem-solving with mult/div" }, { "topicId": "mt_eMtV6tBSJm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GzcJEVkNRn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must find rectangle areas before decomposing rectilinear figures into rectangles" }, { "topicId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_I65kFjWwnF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Progressive forms concept extends from earlier verb knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sentence concept supports understanding how verbs function in sentences" }, { "topicId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qzwQAOfurw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Progressive forms concept extends from earlier verb knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must identify verbs before applying tense" }, { "topicId": "mt_eoPcc4nrBE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HveO1bOXpJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must compare solutions before planning fair tests to improve prototypes" }, { "topicId": "mt_E_OryWIYkn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KmPZ5diLEP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing first- vs third-person narration builds on understanding character POV and distinguishing own viewpoint from narrator's/characters'" }, { "topicId": "mt_E_OryWIYkn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xjl6AEhnjk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing POV across stories builds on character POV comparison work from Y3-4" }, { "topicId": "mt_eosO26KE-Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Nj32xtOhno", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: understanding Greek/Roman cultural transmission helps contextualise Islamic Golden Age preservation of classical knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_eosO26KE-Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UMOjbmLcbM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Trade networks connect European towns to broader medieval world" }, { "topicId": "mt_eosO26KE-Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zy-CKUkq34", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Crusades provide the bridge between European and wider medieval worlds" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ep7TDFuYUa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FbDKeLfBCo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Diagram-based equivalent fractions is prerequisite to formal equivalence understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ep7TDFuYUa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand unit fractions to reason about equivalence" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ep7TDFuYUa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NoB20kVa4w", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Equivalent fractions as the same point on a number line directly uses the fraction number-line representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_EQQWKz03P8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iYOcfzFqMw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Greenhouse radiation physics provides the energy imbalance context that drives differential heating and global circulation" }, { "topicId": "mt_EQQWKz03P8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-YYnLLIZh5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Greenhouse radiation physics depends on sun as driver of weather" }, { "topicId": "mt_eSv_w46u6H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1YwOCMMwD8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing Venn diagrams is the representational skill for the set enumeration work in mt_1YwOCMMwD8" }, { "topicId": "mt_ewmuMMPAzP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Three-digit operations require three-digit place-value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_ewmuMMPAzP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding/subtracting within 1000 extends within-100 skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_excSPNHJWZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bKlnc7dyVK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fossils before learning about Mary Anning's fossil discoveries" }, { "topicId": "mt_EXlmTURK_o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2XDGT5tei1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends knowing minutes in an hour to seconds in a minute and days in months" }, { "topicId": "mt_EXO1bJ3G_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mp_CpVK6e-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coral reef bleaching and ocean acidification depends on understanding thermohaline circulation and ocean heat dynamics" }, { "topicId": "mt_EXO1bJ3G_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NPTjGJIyb3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coral reef crisis as a case study in ecosystem collapse connects to broader trophic cascade and food web disruption" }, { "topicId": "mt_EXO1bJ3G_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4OYcWJs6H", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coral reef collapse and marine biodiversity depends on ocean ecosystem structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_EygMHKs8Ed", "prerequisiteId": "mt_13CtLTcWUB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know carnivore/herbivore/omnivore to understand food chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_EygMHKs8Ed", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about habitats and interdependence before learning food chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_EygMHKs8Ed", "prerequisiteId": "mt_l6OpmOKMuT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean food chain parallels curriculum simple food chain concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_EygMHKs8Ed", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QH-Fs97twT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Garden minibeast food chains provide concrete examples for curriculum simple-food-chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_EygMHKs8Ed", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xVW5U41tbp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rainforest animals provide rich examples for simple food chains (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)" }, { "topicId": "mt_ezc2m_0dzN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Unknown-addend requires understanding both addition and subtraction" }, { "topicId": "mt_ezc2m_0dzN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Subtraction as unknown-addend reframes subtraction conceptually" }, { "topicId": "mt_f4O__f3OU4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CSGqz245rV", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Theatre flourished in Athens, the cultural city-state" }, { "topicId": "mt_f4O__f3OU4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W_CNRTBgYR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Theatre was part of festivals honouring Dionysus" }, { "topicId": "mt_f67qGDhyfi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1VSfm9yiLn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interpreting data exercises representing real-world situations" }, { "topicId": "mt_f67qGDhyfi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3JgrHY221M", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Representing unknown-number problems with equations exercises modelling at age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_f67qGDhyfi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fLOkq-HfPB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 6-7 modelling with bar models/diagrams builds on age 5-6 modelling with objects and pictures" }, { "topicId": "mt_f8n4txtLej", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6lHBTwQPrS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Generating effective questions requires knowledge of question words (who, what, where, when, why, how)" }, { "topicId": "mt_f8n4txtLej", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Listening and responding needed before asking questions" }, { "topicId": "mt_f8n4txtLej", "prerequisiteId": "mt_n6GhzDPllD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Related speaking skill supports this topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_F978c32kDr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_frDIaXzWbx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise letters before learning their sounds" }, { "topicId": "mt_f9syMry-0S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3duNkf6Qmr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about midnight sun and polar night before learning WHY they happen (Earth's tilt)" }, { "topicId": "mt_f9syMry-0S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_scbDHJZZHK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding ice types enriches the connection between seasons and sea ice cycles" }, { "topicId": "mt_FAXjFkgG6X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Three-digit place-value patterns exercise using structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_FAXjFkgG6X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DW2D1c0fKx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 using structure builds on age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_FAXjFkgG6X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u23IGDxOpk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Classifying lines by properties exercises structural thinking" }, { "topicId": "mt_FAXjFkgG6X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noticing place-value and operational structures in maths is the domain-specific application of the universal pattern-recognition habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_FbDKeLfBCo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Kr3IyA6m-O", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Number line supports seeing equivalent fractions as the same point" }, { "topicId": "mt_FbDKeLfBCo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MyGblah2yY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends equivalence of 2/4 and 1/2 to broader equivalent fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_FbDKeLfBCo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vKcxX6iNOA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising and showing equivalent fractions requires that vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_fbYbe3YSVj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tXxxCFl32J", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Newton's Third Law is conventionally taught after the first two — students need Newton's 1st and 2nd as reference points to distinguish reaction pairs from balanced forces" }, { "topicId": "mt_fCvmdI6xGO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0NlbulkB5P", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding gut microbiome requires first knowing the digestive system structure and function" }, { "topicId": "mt_FDKd7I79JZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MlD0gwLSw9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Roman context needed to understand Roman adoption of Greek culture" }, { "topicId": "mt_FDKd7I79JZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W_CNRTBgYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know Greek gods before learning their Roman equivalents" }, { "topicId": "mt_f_dMmvzxwo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6-MYToNZ39", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Context clues support defining words" }, { "topicId": "mt_f_dMmvzxwo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oL9s_bufDp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Defining by attributes builds on Y1 categorisation and antonyms" }, { "topicId": "mt_fDoE-pL6Jv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zVLOm6U7bh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know animal groups before comparing body structures" }, { "topicId": "mt_fEuoBYw6bU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mnodea7mG_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sorting shapes requires knowing their 3-D properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_fEuoBYw6bU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sorting shapes requires knowing their 2-D properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_FGCFUCqJBB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rehearsing sentences orally draws on 'compose', 'sentence', and 'vocabulary' as process vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_FGCFUCqJBB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Oral rehearsal with dialogue and varied structures builds on basic oral sentence composition" }, { "topicId": "mt_FHIAv6dfhU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K5jM7vlVhA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tables to 12×12 fluency is prerequisite to finding factor pairs up to 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_FHIAv6dfhU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nZkL5-XjRX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising factor pairs at Y4 is prerequisite to systematically finding all factor pairs" }, { "topicId": "mt_fhqBH9scsU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bABr-c2DfV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing plant and animal cells requires knowing the components found in each" }, { "topicId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IhWzO4sQPg", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Water cycle requires understanding cloud formation (condensation)" }, { "topicId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nRF_VRntrW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Water cycle benefits from knowing where water is found on Earth" }, { "topicId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Water cycle benefits from curriculum states of matter (heating/cooling changes state)" }, { "topicId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PrWc-HZzDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Water cycle evaporation relates to temperature (heat drives evaporation)" }, { "topicId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TlLE4cZgOr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Full water cycle builds on basic rain/puddle/evaporation concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_fI-8iqf_Id", "prerequisiteId": "mt_go5i87u2b9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Seasons/weather patterns parallels curriculum four seasons topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_fI-8iqf_Id", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jc9k_HJQGd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Seasons benefit from weather vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_FieL-vVTI_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2uHYdoxD0H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Analysing known and unknown quantities in complex maths problems draws on the universal metacognitive monitoring habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_FieL-vVTI_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FnUJMXPUZX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ratio/proportion problems are key Y6 multi-step contexts" }, { "topicId": "mt_FieL-vVTI_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GpltXPoaoc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 problem-solving extends Y5 multi-step problem analysis" }, { "topicId": "mt_FieL-vVTI_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RXnyhCRYXA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Multi-step problems draw on four-operation problem-solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_FIkqA0qhnj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cPZwlUk8Nd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum coins/notes recognition (Maths Y1) underpins exploratory coin knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_FIkqA0qhnj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SsS7GptD_o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand what money is before learning to recognise specific coins and notes" }, { "topicId": "mt_fk33IEGP-T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EHuU1ZeUFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing predictable patterns of sun, moon, and stars requires planet, star, moon, orbit vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_fk33IEGP-T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K0mZxY2AM8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe sun/moon/star patterns before relating daylight to time of year" }, { "topicId": "mt_fkcxpeYP85", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-UAxilUtUt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Atmosphere concept builds on knowing air moves (wind) and has properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_fkwcCB5px7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AiWlJfvC3O", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Deformation and fluid pressure involve forces acting on objects — the vector force framework gives the conceptual grounding" }, { "topicId": "mt_fKwgN61ttR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bKlnc7dyVK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fossils before interpreting what they reveal about past environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6-MYToNZ39", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Context clues support understanding literary language" }, { "topicId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising literary language requires listening comprehension of stories/poetry" }, { "topicId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VLu59hpQ4T", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Shades of meaning support appreciating literary word choices" }, { "topicId": "mt_Fl7b8q9pI1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand decimal notation to round decimals" }, { "topicId": "mt_fLOkq-HfPB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xppl18avyY", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Classifying and counting objects into categories is an early modelling activity" }, { "topicId": "mt_fLOkq-HfPB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yJmvUCCym7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Solving word problems with drawings exercises early modelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_-F_Lv_apzH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CDa5AVakLE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Two-step A+S problems are prerequisite to multi-step problems with larger numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_-F_Lv_apzH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MWXPiaTnEu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mental methods support choosing appropriate methods in multi-step problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_-F_Lv_apzH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Yw1_4Nfsql", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have fluent written method before applying to multi-step contexts" }, { "topicId": "mt_fMd7v87IiI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BtMbZibZUj", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Related vowel knowledge supports diphthongs" }, { "topicId": "mt_FNSeo9_T2Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FIkqA0qhnj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what coins and notes are before learning to look after them" }, { "topicId": "mt_FnUJMXPUZX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_b7T-CjOYUR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding fraction of total requires simplification/common denominator skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_FnUJMXPUZX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ePXg_XyCKU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Unequal sharing problems are the canonical use case for tape diagrams — the visual model makes the structure of the problem transparent" }, { "topicId": "mt_FnUJMXPUZX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ESgc4YBw-a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Unequal sharing problems require 'ratio', 'unequal', 'part-to-part', and 'proportion' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_FnUJMXPUZX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h0gJcSuwdL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Unequal sharing is ratio reasoning in context" }, { "topicId": "mt_FP-mjXaq3B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ep7TDFuYUa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand equivalence before generating equivalent fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_fpPLWFIRVo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Bztatrv-_v", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Predator hunting strategies demonstrate intelligence" }, { "topicId": "mt_fpPLWFIRVo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IzlVK0Eony", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animal intelligence builds on curriculum coverage of animal senses and brain responses" }, { "topicId": "mt_fpPLWFIRVo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wHN14Unk7h", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Animal intelligence builds on understanding of communication as complex behaviour" }, { "topicId": "mt_fqAkSv3cUE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_44HkROUnzE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cladistic and phylogenetic analysis depends on understanding extinction rates and the current biodiversity crisis" }, { "topicId": "mt_fqAkSv3cUE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6aJUzBYGNs", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 chromosomes and DNA are the molecular basis for the sequence data used in building phylogenetic trees with molecular clocks" }, { "topicId": "mt_fqAkSv3cUE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CBxOcjh69x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cladistics and phylogenetics depends on invasive species disrupting native ecosystems" }, { "topicId": "mt_Fqna9qHffr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5_kErPeeNu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand ice sheets before learning about their mass loss" }, { "topicId": "mt_Fqna9qHffr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "General climate change understanding enriches polar-specific climate change topic (Weather 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)" }, { "topicId": "mt_Fqna9qHffr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g1qgxmlJQ2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand albedo effect and ocean currents before understanding feedback loops" }, { "topicId": "mt_Fqna9qHffr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X4CJpPRxae", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Permafrost thawing connects to tundra knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_fR0UtsSREU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading/writing numerals 0–20 requires understanding that numerals represent quantities (cardinality)" }, { "topicId": "mt_fR0UtsSREU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oAK9GXSfqV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing numerals requires the motor skill of forming digits 0-9 (taught in English handwriting)" }, { "topicId": "mt_frDIaXzWbx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1KCwbGvm1F", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand print direction before letter identification matters" }, { "topicId": "mt_fT4G0QloX5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ofOGCQ7FWj", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pattern recognition helps understand learning AI in games" }, { "topicId": "mt_fT4G0QloX5", "prerequisiteId": "mt__p5n8z5soJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand algorithms/instructions before grasping rule-based AI in games" }, { "topicId": "mt_furAIwoO9t", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating language builds on recognising literary language" }, { "topicId": "mt_furAIwoO9t", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hJW7hVflm3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating figurative language requires understanding similes and metaphors" }, { "topicId": "mt_FuVEZ1Ac9s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IY3KwGLZgk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Natural selection explains the diversity of life that classification systems attempt to organise — KS2 broad classification provides context" }, { "topicId": "mt_FuVEZ1Ac9s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k1HXbEwG8f", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Natural selection requires heritable variation to act on — understanding the nature of variation is a prerequisite" }, { "topicId": "mt_FuVEZ1Ac9s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mKNmXqz_Oo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 natural selection provides the mechanism that drives both sides of an evolutionary arms race" }, { "topicId": "mt_FuVEZ1Ac9s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mqQ-DtH5m-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Advanced biomechanical analysis depends on understanding what fossil evidence can and cannot preserve" }, { "topicId": "mt_FuVEZ1Ac9s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rOqo-8GeKt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mutation is the ultimate source of heritable variation — understanding this grounds the mechanism of natural selection" }, { "topicId": "mt_FuVEZ1Ac9s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YNrrNE23dZ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 natural selection underpins kin selection, sexual selection, and behavioural game theory as extensions of the same mechanism" }, { "topicId": "mt_FvEq4heNBx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MCu_SNg_OW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Short division by 2-digit extends Y5 short division by 1-digit" }, { "topicId": "mt_FvEq4heNBx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WsM4EmdOLe", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing short vs long division requires knowing both methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_FVERuBoCD1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PifbJOuXrG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ray diagrams formalise the laws of reflection and refraction established in the prerequisite topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_FVERuBoCD1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qzGADV-NGe", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ray diagrams for prisms and lenses connect to colour and dispersion concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_FW9_8F52bw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4A4RpX-Go9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Independent research extends shared research and writing projects" }, { "topicId": "mt_FW9_8F52bw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Research projects require 'evidence', 'argument', 'perspective', and 'purpose' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_FW9_8F52bw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: independent research projects may involve collecting and presenting data using charts and graphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_FW9_8F52bw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Note-taking for research benefits from summarising and recording skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_FwI7q7DSIx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NS5t-Jzlh8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Taking turns and sharing cooperatively requires vocabulary like 'cooperate', 'take turns', and 'include'" }, { "topicId": "mt_FX4a2Q8XXN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nNNVrLqPW3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expanding brackets produces terms that then need collecting" }, { "topicId": "mt_fxPtngwUfz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_A-FyLLLLzy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing two patterns extends Y5 single-pattern generation" }, { "topicId": "mt_fxPtngwUfz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h0gJcSuwdL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Relationships between corresponding terms connect to proportional reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_fxPtngwUfz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i5_HnoFOYw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Graphing numerical patterns on a coordinate plane requires coordinate grid plotting" }, { "topicId": "mt_FYK8m6eHQm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to encode base words before applying suffix rules" }, { "topicId": "mt_FYK8m6eHQm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EqXlZfB4jp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Suffix spelling rules (doubling final consonants, dropping -e) require knowing 'suffix', 'root word', 'vowel', and 'consonant'" }, { "topicId": "mt_FYK8m6eHQm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QdMMLRYWhn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y2 suffix rules build on Y1 basic suffix spelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_fZTn0W_iZR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kw7xmp68rU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mentally finding 10 more/less uses generalised repeated reasoning about place value" }, { "topicId": "mt_fZTn0W_iZR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m1W6nTQJ2b", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Deriving facts within 20 from known facts (near doubles, make ten) exercises generalising from patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_fZTn0W_iZR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RFeVlw0QvX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 6-7 generalising from repeated reasoning builds on age 5-6 noticing repeated patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_g1qgxmlJQ2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7nduoLvoB1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding polar food chains enriches the Southern Ocean productivity concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_g1qgxmlJQ2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8QOeG3CuKc", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing the five oceans including Arctic enriches polar oceans topic (Ocean 7-9 -> Polar 9-11)" }, { "topicId": "mt_g1qgxmlJQ2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean & climate understanding enriches polar ocean currents topic (Ocean 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)" }, { "topicId": "mt_g1qgxmlJQ2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_scbDHJZZHK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand ice and sea ice before learning about albedo and ocean currents" }, { "topicId": "mt_G3sVFQNCme", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5NwqN6pf_A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must round to any place before using rounding to check large-number calculations" }, { "topicId": "mt_G3sVFQNCme", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QaYfeVL-0C", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Estimating and inverse checking at Y4 is prerequisite to rounding-based checking with levels of accuracy" }, { "topicId": "mt_g3W0mdADVu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-hTTat0mBR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding quarters extends from understanding halves — both are equal parts but quarters requires dividing into 4" }, { "topicId": "mt_g4YSiOCS8g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_83gRQ9OPkc", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing body parts and senses supports understanding skeleton protects organs" }, { "topicId": "mt_g4YSiOCS8g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fDoE-pL6Jv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must compare animal body structures before learning about skeleton/muscle system specifically" }, { "topicId": "mt_g4YSiOCS8g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SdIWVjzopp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enrichment knowledge of skeleton and muscles supports formal curriculum study of skeletons for support, protection, movement" }, { "topicId": "mt_-G6erQvLig", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0_K-GrKQpd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interpreting maps of Earth surface features is enriched by understanding cross-section views of geological strata and layers" }, { "topicId": "mt_-G6erQvLig", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bqL8DD1SbV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting patterns of Earth's geological features requires rock type and erosion vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_-G6erQvLig", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KsKLVW_ssY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must model landforms and water bodies before analysing map patterns of Earth's features" }, { "topicId": "mt_-G6erQvLig", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vAP_A986IQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding weathering/erosion helps explain patterns in Earth's features" }, { "topicId": "mt_g9RcQOhU5d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bABr-c2DfV", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Explaining how a single cell carries out all life functions requires knowing organelle roles" }, { "topicId": "mt_g9RcQOhU5d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VfA4xo4kUv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding unicellular organisms requires the concept of cells as fundamental units" }, { "topicId": "mt_Gag_h98jWP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EDgw64OmfA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "×10 relationship supports understanding of larger numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_Gag_h98jWP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JwP9QFv6gQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Numbers to 10M extends Y5 numbers to 1M" }, { "topicId": "mt_gbTyzvnWzr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Passive voice requires understanding of verb tenses" }, { "topicId": "mt_gbTyzvnWzr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u7Jxjjatkh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Passive voice requires understanding of subject-verb agreement" }, { "topicId": "mt_GbZFuGDFsa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_f9syMry-0S", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding Earth's tilt and seasons enriches climate zone understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_GbZFuGDFsa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hjJkBWruO6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "World weather patterns help understand polar climate zone (Weather 7-9 -> Polar 9-11)" }, { "topicId": "mt_GbZFuGDFsa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TMOzMCE17H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate zones context enriches polar climate zone topic (Weather 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)" }, { "topicId": "mt_GbZFuGDFsa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z9jn9HogfE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand polar geography before learning about climate zone classification" }, { "topicId": "mt_GDG9_SZmsO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gtTl3R5buH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Connecting division to multiplication requires understanding products" }, { "topicId": "mt_GDG9_SZmsO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iNdrM2-oJf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Seeing division as unknown-factor requires understanding division first" }, { "topicId": "mt_GDtFU5fyUv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1YwOCMMwD8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sample spaces for combined events require systematic enumeration skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_GDtFU5fyUv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Calculating probabilities for combined events often requires multiplying fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_GDtFU5fyUv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sHJqh6UUya", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Theoretical probability builds on experience with experimental probability" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ge4Wtg6QMM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e3-_toGuWf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Within GB sequence, testing advanced properties supports justifying material choices; US teaches material uses earlier without this prerequisite" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ge4Wtg6QMM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MVovx37Xct", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Grouping materials by hardness, solubility, transparency, conductivity, and magnetic response requires all these property terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ge4Wtg6QMM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rTn43s8RNX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand material suitability before testing advanced properties like conductivity and solubility" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ge4Wtg6QMM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding states of matter supports testing properties like solubility" }, { "topicId": "mt_gf4RUcACLg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0VOZSVjo6c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Neuroscience of adolescent emotion (particularly the stress response) provides the biological basis for the stress and coping topic in a neighbouring SEL domain" }, { "topicId": "mt_gf4RUcACLg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KA5j5OeGvw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced emotional literacy depends on earlier emotional awareness skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_gf4RUcACLg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ytd8XC3eQr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced emotional literacy depends on earlier foundational emotional skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_GF6L7J4MNN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6xsEXxKdUX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know stem function before investigating water transport through stems" }, { "topicId": "mt_g_fkAqmz72", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KwdjWEmMNo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Algebraic vocabulary requires fluency with algebraic notation first" }, { "topicId": "mt_ggcamLzXAy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LhkP_KKIRS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding feelings change benefits from naming basic emotions" }, { "topicId": "mt_GheLsWvrJ4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bqL8DD1SbV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying evidence in rock formations and fossil layers requires sediment, strata, and fossil vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_GheLsWvrJ4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mwirOvigWD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fossil formation before interpreting fossil patterns in rock layers" }, { "topicId": "mt_GheLsWvrJ4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZJu8s-Q1xa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fast vs slow Earth changes before analysing rock layer evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_ghF3Vv6taM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency with addition within 5 requires understanding addition as combining" }, { "topicId": "mt_ghF3Vv6taM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency with subtraction within 5 requires understanding subtraction as taking away" }, { "topicId": "mt_ghK1mnEstc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mayItsxMUu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Line plot with whole numbers is prerequisite to line plots with fractional units" }, { "topicId": "mt_ghK1mnEstc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding fractions supports measuring to nearest half/quarter inch" }, { "topicId": "mt_-gkJdxJUQT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nwSWPTENmv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding how the eye works builds on knowing sight is one of the five senses" }, { "topicId": "mt_-gkJdxJUQT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pJ5zsocdNx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Eye sends signals to brain via optic nerve; knowing brain receives sense messages helps" }, { "topicId": "mt_glPPG-kTQY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m1W6nTQJ2b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding within 100 extends within-20 strategies to larger numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_glPPG-kTQY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding within 100 using PV requires understanding tens and ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_GLY3R3YSlf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_32B7xjUPwF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing and contrasting characters or texts draws on the universal habit of connecting new ideas to existing knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_GLY3R3YSlf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aFvsj35QzC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Informational text knowledge supports comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_GLY3R3YSlf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ggcamLzXAy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing characters' adventures and reactions in stories is enriched by the foundational SEL understanding that the same event can make different people feel differently" }, { "topicId": "mt_GLY3R3YSlf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sSQlLOnAow", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need story elements to compare texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_GLY3R3YSlf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying patterns and similarities across texts is the reading form of the universal pattern-recognition habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_gLy3ZgZWiN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4i-FKXDDXh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand light illuminates objects before learning about reflection" }, { "topicId": "mt_gLy3ZgZWiN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YPSx5pbpVl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Noticing that light is reflected from surfaces requires 'reflect' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_Gm12BzcCfX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Weather vs climate parallels curriculum distinguishing weather from climate" }, { "topicId": "mt_Gm12BzcCfX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NYsz6QgaaE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand seasonal weather patterns before distinguishing weather from climate across regions" }, { "topicId": "mt_Gm12BzcCfX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zCGwH1OQZa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Distinguishing weather from climate and describing regional climates draws on water cycle vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_g_M4Vh_pK7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_C7FNeIDGc6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding 4-chamber heart requires knowing organs work within organ systems" }, { "topicId": "mt_g_M4Vh_pK7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lp1eTsQen7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Detailed circulatory system builds on knowing the heart pumps blood through blood vessels" }, { "topicId": "mt_gMSFymQlrW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmFnJzxKwz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Assessing whether evidence is sufficient requires textual evidence skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_gMSFymQlrW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jIcgbCmziD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating claims requires understanding purpose, audience, and context" }, { "topicId": "mt_gMSFymQlrW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V6456X6pJE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating arguments builds on KS2 distinguishing fact from opinion" }, { "topicId": "mt_gNUE4B3vuk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_14T5yPXUq_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Four operations with all number types builds on adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators" }, { "topicId": "mt_gNUE4B3vuk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Four operations with all number types builds on multiplying fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_gNUE4B3vuk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ifPDOYvUqm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Four operations with all number types builds on dividing unit fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_go5i87u2b9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bj1YCgNWUx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Observing and describing seasonal changes requires basic date and time vocabulary (months, seasons, year)" }, { "topicId": "mt_goZW_hQUa4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Record-holders builds on knowing animal diversity across the world" }, { "topicId": "mt_GpltXPoaoc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4ubP_RMg9o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Percentage problems exercise multi-step reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_GpltXPoaoc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p-nbe0w_lf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Multi-step word problems exercise problem sense-making at age 9-10" }, { "topicId": "mt_GpltXPoaoc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Planning multi-step mathematical strategies and evaluating them is the maths-specific form of the universal strategy-evaluation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_GpltXPoaoc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SmghasIvbT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 8-9 problem sense-making is prerequisite to age 9-10 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_GQpqoR5YOc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5r47Pvstyn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand objects vs materials before reasoning about reassembling pieces" }, { "topicId": "mt_gR5_n99Ntt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V-ldQp56bF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Poetry performance requires expressive reading/prosody skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_gR5_n99Ntt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YNe6siFTFq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Poetry writing Y2 provides foundation for recognising poetry forms" }, { "topicId": "mt_GRWwTDZ3wD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LpSuPgL31x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using arrays for division requires understanding division as grouping" }, { "topicId": "mt_GRWwTDZ3wD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PZ909yPrEC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using arrays requires understanding what multiplication means" }, { "topicId": "mt_gTDqxYkLs9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4IVWRAZoNC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding life cycles supports understanding how species change across generations" }, { "topicId": "mt_gTDqxYkLs9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6Z42wJaKYG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must analyse fossil evidence before drawing the broader conclusion that life has changed over time" }, { "topicId": "mt_gTDqxYkLs9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lWqmKn5Jvr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising that living things have changed over time and fossils provide evidence requires evolution and fossil record vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_gtTl3R5buH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B1zj1RwQ3a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends array-based repeated addition to formal multiplication interpretation" }, { "topicId": "mt_gtTl3R5buH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PZ909yPrEC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting products formalises repeated addition/equal groups from Y1" }, { "topicId": "mt_gu0NPDvlhY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XLP1IM3Qbb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Systematic enumeration connects to multiplicative reasoning (product of options)" }, { "topicId": "mt_guaaD6Dn2M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oNWXXAn3cn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what insects are before studying how some live in colonies" }, { "topicId": "mt_GugVunb2lI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noticing the decoding/understanding gap is the English-specific form of the universal comprehension-monitoring habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_GugVunb2lI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_scBgiMKhG_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Noticing the gap between decoding and understanding requires first having the foundational idea that reading means making meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_gv_uoHkdjR", "prerequisiteId": "mt__kFxuAgs6d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plate tectonics framework is prerequisite for understanding why seismic waves reveal Earth structure at boundaries" }, { "topicId": "mt_gv_uoHkdjR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rML9unnd9x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced plate tectonics depends on famous eruptions and Pangaea context" }, { "topicId": "mt_gx6KQK5-Kx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Area with fractional sides applies fraction multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_gx6KQK5-Kx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know area = l × w before extending to fractional side lengths" }, { "topicId": "mt_gxCIASSezX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K5jM7vlVhA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tables fluency to 12×12 is prerequisite to recognising square numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_GzcJEVkNRn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jvvh5P06NV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must see tiling→multiplication connection before computing area via side lengths" }, { "topicId": "mt_gZIo5oiBMt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Listening comprehension supports text type awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_GZuoYaDdWd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-3udyo6VyB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding quadratic graphs requires prior experience plotting linear graphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_H0ajATAlus", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v33BwiyRnd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining how central message is conveyed extends identifying the central message" }, { "topicId": "mt_H0ajATAlus", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yHQacItlhf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding themes across genres supports explaining central messages in fables/myths" }, { "topicId": "mt_h0CVtqI2xo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MFfYcnv6Tv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying right angles and greater/less than right angle is prerequisite to naming acute/obtuse" }, { "topicId": "mt_h0gJcSuwdL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ratio reasoning connects to fraction multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_h0gJcSuwdL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ePXg_XyCKU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving relative-sizes problems is most reliably scaffolded by drawing a bar model to set up the relationship" }, { "topicId": "mt_h0gJcSuwdL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ESgc4YBw-a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving relative sizes problems requires 'ratio', 'proportion', and 'relative size' as understood terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_h0gJcSuwdL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_U4cIBXVug4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ratio reasoning builds on multiplicative comparison from Y5" }, { "topicId": "mt_H1pAi4F_Oh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bvxkT1nepy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Greek gods build on prior understanding that ancient civilisations believed in many gods (Egyptian polytheism)" }, { "topicId": "mt_H1pAi4F_Oh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mMMXD4v9Sh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Knowing where Greece is grounds understanding of Greek gods" }, { "topicId": "mt_h3vmvQW5Wa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_86DyHo9zO3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Formal vocabulary builds on recognising formal/informal register" }, { "topicId": "mt_H3ZDK0EYNV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2bnXrfS4Iq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ohm's Law relates voltage (V), current (I) and resistance (R) — requires prior understanding of what each quantity means" }, { "topicId": "mt_H4bLNkDrGJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFYFvgrPgD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand the Empire before understanding its fall" }, { "topicId": "mt_H6LlpWgEYS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ChjMU2GDJa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 bar charts and time graphs are prerequisite to line graph problem-solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_H7DquwQi_F", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBfj79OqXz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Master lowercase formation before capitals" }, { "topicId": "mt__h7hvT4tEb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yqAL6O5i_v", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Counting a set helps when comparing groups, but younger children (GB age 4) can compare using matching without formal counting to 20" }, { "topicId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H4YZ1rSKP3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Noticing own patterns requires vocabulary of 'pattern', 'trigger', and 'reflect'" }, { "topicId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TU3BcLOgiV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Noticing patterns in your reactions requires first understanding that feelings and responses are separable — you can only track a pattern once you're aware of the gap between feeling and action" }, { "topicId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noticing recurring patterns in your own reactions is the PSD form of the universal pattern-recognition habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_H8OgKZbgGe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DCelLx_H1A", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rainforest has rich symbiotic examples (e.g., epiphytes, ant-acacia)" }, { "topicId": "mt_H8OgKZbgGe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Symbiosis requires understanding of adaptations as context" }, { "topicId": "mt_H8OgKZbgGe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R7LEuZjTmx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Many symbiosis examples involve insects (pollinators, parasites)" }, { "topicId": "mt_H9RAGGiHBL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7GwWplh-48", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowledge of Mars rovers contextualises current exploration programmes" }, { "topicId": "mt_H9RAGGiHBL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oiqsIP97V3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about astronauts and Moon landings before learning detailed space exploration history" }, { "topicId": "mt_Hah24nbToi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NNNbPccwB4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand complete loops before understanding how switches open/close them" }, { "topicId": "mt_haNr13NIuN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LH714Riydn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on yourself as a language user includes awareness of your vocabulary range and gaps across different registers and contexts" }, { "topicId": "mt_haNr13NIuN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_U_8iVFZuHH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reflecting on yourself as a language user across contexts requires first having evaluated your writing in specific contexts — the general self-awareness builds from specific evaluations" }, { "topicId": "mt_haNr13NIuN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5yDTWEiyQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on yourself as a language user is the English-domain form of the universal learning-reflection habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_HBcvu0UxYe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NS5t-Jzlh8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding what makes a good friend draws on cooperation and inclusion vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_hbDflQfW-U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-0cjwyYhce", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding layers helps compare tropical and temperate forest structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_hbDflQfW-U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TMOzMCE17H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding climate zones helps contrast tropical vs temperate rainforests (Weather 9-11 -> Rainforests 9-11)" }, { "topicId": "mt_hbDflQfW-U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v6CBCMuvz1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand tropical climate before contrasting with temperate rainforests" }, { "topicId": "mt_hbe_kdE_7C", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Generalising a rule requires first being able to spot the recurring pattern that the rule captures" }, { "topicId": "mt_hBZwbst0ow", "prerequisiteId": "mt_A-FyLLLLzy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Linear sequences with negative/decimal steps extends Y5 pattern generation" }, { "topicId": "mt_hBZwbst0ow", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RVK655t391", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sequences crossing zero require negative number understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_hCVPYlF-7Y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X5cypSGoGU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Powers and roots require understanding of order of operations notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_HCweOHWSiu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hzkNpp2PdV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 terminology extends KS2 Year 6 grammar terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_HCweOHWSiu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IdFxLz-UW9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using terminology precisely requires understanding the grammatical concepts behind the terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_HdI1y5KsBl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nFBLNoChD0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plural possessive requires understanding of irregular plural forms" }, { "topicId": "mt_HdI1y5KsBl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z3G_97fnha", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plural possessive apostrophe builds on singular possessive apostrophe" }, { "topicId": "mt_hdrMoiTgqu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4MFUAsbx_6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing shapes with given angles requires protractor skills from Y5" }, { "topicId": "mt_hdrMoiTgqu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8H2kO4k2B9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing regular/irregular polygons benefits from property knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_HFN1pGASpZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2oswCNuapH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding prejudice builds on recognising stereotypes" }, { "topicId": "mt_HFN1pGASpZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a6AYrbb7x4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Discussing prejudice and discrimination requires precise vocabulary to distinguish individual bias from systemic discrimination" }, { "topicId": "mt_HFN1pGASpZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yCmYV9ruQu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Standing against discrimination benefits from upstander skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_HFRYjTb-Z5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ewmuMMPAzP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 1000 builds on strategy-based adding/subtracting within 1000" }, { "topicId": "mt_HFRYjTb-Z5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SrrsLiJkr3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency requires prior experience with columnar methods for three digits" }, { "topicId": "mt_HhuSDxwDNM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Times tables for 2, 5, 10 build on skip counting in 2s, 5s, 10s" }, { "topicId": "mt_HhuSDxwDNM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PZ909yPrEC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recalling times table facts requires understanding multiplication as repeated addition/grouping" }, { "topicId": "mt_hi8cVycbwn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XirhnAB6Ye", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must ask questions about problems before modelling design solutions" }, { "topicId": "mt_hImiKNiaNh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "FDP equivalences are key Y6 structural connections" }, { "topicId": "mt_hImiKNiaNh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hlGKg5M7qJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 structural reasoning extends Y5 structure use" }, { "topicId": "mt_hImiKNiaNh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_liIW336odh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Shape hierarchy exploits structural relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_hImiKNiaNh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using algebraic and shape structure to solve problems is the advanced maths form of the universal pattern-recognition habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_HJA2Oz-Zh1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TgHxujL81r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must multiply fraction by whole number before solving word problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_HJd-8EEC6N", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2OSTHTWDpa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand deforestation before learning how it releases stored carbon" }, { "topicId": "mt_HJd-8EEC6N", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding climate change basics enriches the rainforests-and-climate topic (Weather 9-11 -> Rainforests 9-11)" }, { "topicId": "mt_HJd-8EEC6N", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZWTk6eP1qF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand the rainforest water cycle before grasping how deforestation disrupts it" }, { "topicId": "mt_hjJkBWruO6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fI-8iqf_Id", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding global weather differences requires knowing seasons" }, { "topicId": "mt_hjJkBWruO6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jc9k_HJQGd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing world weather requires weather vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_hjtbA3g-Nn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4-vfMgmCVB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extended cohesive devices builds on cohesion within paragraphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_hjtbA3g-Nn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uvILgZq9HN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extended cohesive devices builds on basic paragraph linking" }, { "topicId": "mt_HJTuIGHvcR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zfy1gOEewd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Subtracting multiples of 10 requires understanding decade numbers as tens" }, { "topicId": "mt_HJTuIGHvcR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Subtracting multiples of 10 requires understanding subtraction" }, { "topicId": "mt_hJW7hVflm3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Literary language recognition provides context for understanding how similes and metaphors function within texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_hJW7hVflm3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SUOhjmRqv9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying similes and metaphors requires the ability to distinguish literal from figurative language" }, { "topicId": "mt_hlGKg5M7qJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FHIAv6dfhU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Factor pairs as structural tool for simplifying multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_hlGKg5M7qJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt__Itf4aQZUj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 8-9 using structure is prerequisite to age 9-10 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_hlGKg5M7qJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oqziWKry-L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Angle facts (360°, 180°) are structural tools for finding unknowns" }, { "topicId": "mt_hlGKg5M7qJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exploiting relationships between fractions, decimals and percentages requires pattern recognition across representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_HLUqHJ9Y7n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EDgw64OmfA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Exponent notation for powers of 10 builds on ×10 relationship" }, { "topicId": "mt_HLUqHJ9Y7n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LlMl2PbaZe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Patterns in zeros when ×÷ by powers of 10 builds on fluent ×÷ by 10/100/1000" }, { "topicId": "mt_hniI4E-OCE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Odd/even requires counting by 2s (skip counting)" }, { "topicId": "mt_hniI4E-OCE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Writing even numbers as sum of two equal addends uses addition concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_HnKbuCliNS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IfEgu0X449", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same-denominator comparison experience is prerequisite to same-numerator comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_HnKbuCliNS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand unit fraction size reasoning for same-numerator comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_HNOPGJYiRK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0XxyaQLRhn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Telling time to 5 minutes extends from telling time to the hour and half past" }, { "topicId": "mt_HNOPGJYiRK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reading 5-minute intervals benefits from skip counting in 5s" }, { "topicId": "mt_HoJGVsMO7H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_miGrca8zaS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Time management builds on breaking tasks into steps" }, { "topicId": "mt_HopZomN12L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EedcpioR0v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand recommendation systems before grasping broader data collection and privacy" }, { "topicId": "mt_HopZomN12L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kH1DzOPsXG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand data before learning about personal data collection" }, { "topicId": "mt_HopZomN12L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W5euSyU2sO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: scams & online safety (Money & Finance) provides real-world privacy threat context" }, { "topicId": "mt_hp2qJ-QRBn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Informative/explanatory writing requires 'form', 'structure', 'coherence', and 'evidence' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_hp2qJ-QRBn", "prerequisiteId": "mt__MDiDU9Vck", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Structured informative writing with facts/definitions builds on simple informative writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_HPf-dVtA3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt__ab4knIaSL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Needs vs wants thinking extends to ethical consumer choices" }, { "topicId": "mt_HPf-dVtA3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RNRymbz5SO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand buying before considering where products come from and who made them" }, { "topicId": "mt_H_pNJ3ZI_S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tedML_iu4Y", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Parallel line angles build on basic angle properties at points and lines" }, { "topicId": "mt_Hqz5y_tWz2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmFnJzxKwz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing plot and character development requires ability to cite textual evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_Hqz5y_tWz2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Character analysis builds on KS2 inferring feelings, thoughts, and motives" }, { "topicId": "mt_hR2Y7NhMSY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hRZyKvz1KN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must identify lines of symmetry before completing symmetric figures" }, { "topicId": "mt_hR2Y7NhMSY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SH7QgFl8-v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Completing a symmetric figure requires performing a reflection on a grid accurately" }, { "topicId": "mt_HrgDjxcWvf", "prerequisiteId": "mt__CMXZiPfTV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Morphological reading (root+prefix+suffix analysis) builds on basic inflectional endings reading" }, { "topicId": "mt_HRKzwEQJgO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Testing whether a number is in a sequence requires solving a linear equation" }, { "topicId": "mt_HRKzwEQJgO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yXO7lQ9Yn7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding nth term requires experience generating and classifying sequences first" }, { "topicId": "mt_hRZyKvz1KN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Vertical line symmetry in Y2 is prerequisite to finding symmetry lines in multiple orientations" }, { "topicId": "mt_hRZyKvz1KN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SH7QgFl8-v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying lines of symmetry requires the ability to draw and interpret reflection on a grid" }, { "topicId": "mt_h_shhH-6DC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h-z88yf9Pn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rights and responsibilities as a framework requires precise vocabulary distinguishing these two related concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_h_shhH-6DC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rkrG2w7WXI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rights and responsibilities builds on understanding why rules exist" }, { "topicId": "mt_hsN-YvCNQY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wr6DDgr_kH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have observed butterfly metamorphosis before studying formal stages with terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_-hTTat0mBR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LpSuPgL31x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding a half requires equal sharing into 2 groups — a division concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_HveO1bOXpJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z5-fSCOBep", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must define a design problem before generating and comparing multiple solutions" }, { "topicId": "mt_hVpGOEz2kG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i5_HnoFOYw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plotting in all four quadrants extends first-quadrant coordinate grid plotting skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_hVpGOEz2kG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R4AY0LKxfl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 coordinates work extends KS2 four-quadrant coordinate skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_hVpGOEz2kG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uDJY0X0hgo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plotting coordinates in all four quadrants requires understanding positive and negative values on both axes" }, { "topicId": "mt_Hw70LI5xza", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noticing the observation/interpretation distinction requires monitoring your own thinking — the universal comprehension-monitoring habit applied to scientific reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_HWYAspz-LK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reading your own writing critically requires the self-explanation habit developed in Learning to Learn — recognising what you understand vs. what is unclear" }, { "topicId": "mt_HWYAspz-LK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Critical self-reading of writing requires vocabulary to name what is and isn't working: 'coherence', 'tone', 'structure'" }, { "topicId": "mt_HWYAspz-LK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nYU6x2E2T8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Critical independent self-reading of one's own writing builds directly on the prior skill of reading one's own work aloud clearly — the auditory/fluent reading out loud is the mechanism through which children first detect where their writing sounds wrong" }, { "topicId": "mt_HWYAspz-LK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OyOYHlZ2_T", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Independent writing self-evaluation (8-9) builds directly on the scaffolded version introduced with teacher support (5-7)" }, { "topicId": "mt_HY8Yycu_rz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6oxQPNLHNv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Specifying units in measurement exercises precision" }, { "topicId": "mt_HY8Yycu_rz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a1FdAsRKOF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fraction notation exercises precise communication" }, { "topicId": "mt_HY8Yycu_rz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B8JOz79O6t", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: communicating with mathematical precision (place-value/fraction vocabulary, specifying units) benefits from awareness of technical terminology conventions taught in English" }, { "topicId": "mt_HY8Yycu_rz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TMoHjMhRS2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 precision builds on age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_hyvHv2BCwb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xACS3rWWDp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing share sizes requires experience partitioning into halves and quarters" }, { "topicId": "mt_hzkNpp2PdV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gbTyzvnWzr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 terminology includes active/passive which must be taught first" }, { "topicId": "mt_hzkNpp2PdV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-tcJeAhK5k", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 terminology builds on Y5 terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_HZvTriQWTh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bj1YCgNWUx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recording local weather conditions over time requires vocabulary for days, weeks, and months" }, { "topicId": "mt_HZvTriQWTh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_go5i87u2b9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe seasonal changes before recording weather patterns systematically" }, { "topicId": "mt_HZyUwycFvf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5OxKnrGEMP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding Egypt's fall benefits from knowing its economic strengths" }, { "topicId": "mt_HZyUwycFvf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PCX1jZZnf9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fall of Egypt builds on understanding pharaonic governance" }, { "topicId": "mt_HZyUwycFvf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pTz6u49fQt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "End of Egypt requires understanding the 3000-year timeline" }, { "topicId": "mt_HZyUwycFvf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFYFvgrPgD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Egypt's end under Cleopatra connects to Roman Republic-to-Empire transition (Octavian/Augustus)" }, { "topicId": "mt_I047mKeeaq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JpQUM1129q", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding tooth types enriches understanding of digestion starting in the mouth" }, { "topicId": "mt_i2F1nWxJjv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving inequalities uses the same inverse-operation methods as solving equations" }, { "topicId": "mt_i2F1nWxJjv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uDJY0X0hgo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Representing inequality solutions on a number line requires ordering integers, decimals, and fractions together" }, { "topicId": "mt_i4bDqjyglj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand habitats and survival needs before understanding group survival strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_i4bDqjyglj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fDoE-pL6Jv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding animal body structures supports reasoning about group behaviour advantages" }, { "topicId": "mt_i4bDqjyglj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_guaaD6Dn2M", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ant and bee colonies are the primary examples for curriculum animals-forming-groups-colonies" }, { "topicId": "mt_i4bDqjyglj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YynJoQcm_M", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Savanna herding behaviour parallels curriculum concept of animals forming groups to survive" }, { "topicId": "mt_i5_HnoFOYw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jBQS-CicNn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must read/understand coordinates before plotting points" }, { "topicId": "mt_i5_HnoFOYw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Xt1cRqaBOW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Shape classification supports completing polygons on grid" }, { "topicId": "mt_I5j1ZWo2cn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kw7xmp68rU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding/subtracting tens builds on mentally finding 10 more or less" }, { "topicId": "mt_I5j1ZWo2cn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding/subtracting tens requires place value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_I65kFjWwnF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Proof-reading and revising requires 'draft', 'edit', 'revise', and 'proofread' as named steps in the writing process" }, { "topicId": "mt_I65kFjWwnF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OyOYHlZ2_T", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Proofreading builds on Y1 revising writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_I65kFjWwnF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p_jxNLdus4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowledge of spelling alternatives needed to proofread spelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_I65kFjWwnF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowledge of punctuation needed to spot errors" }, { "topicId": "mt_i80I-1MLP2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bABr-c2DfV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Diffusion in and between cells requires knowing about the cell membrane as a selectively permeable boundary" }, { "topicId": "mt_I9iSzpGRn5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9NQEiYLQA3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding bullying impact benefits from perspective-taking" }, { "topicId": "mt_I9iSzpGRn5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h-z88yf9Pn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding bullying requires precise vocabulary distinguishing bullying types including 'cyberbullying'" }, { "topicId": "mt_I9iSzpGRn5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wc6cOTQ1bA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding bullying builds on knowing right from wrong" }, { "topicId": "mt_i9rJbuFO3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4WaKWECpcv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing algebraic expressions extends writing/interpreting numerical expressions" }, { "topicId": "mt_i9rJbuFO3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jHgRQ4hR0g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Solving equations uses order-of-operations understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_I_c57p0aGN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_islVn_P28Z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know historical exploration before comparing with modern science" }, { "topicId": "mt_I_c57p0aGN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_itldWmVItr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Research stations context enriches the then-vs-now comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_idbKDrf9qZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand unit fractions to express area parts as 1/b" }, { "topicId": "mt_idbKDrf9qZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Xp-rj46S2w", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prior partitioning experience feeds into area-fraction work" }, { "topicId": "mt_IdFxLz-UW9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EbiGRVK8uR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding noun phrases extends KS2 expanding noun phrases" }, { "topicId": "mt_IdFxLz-UW9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YQ64pzcLDl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Phrase/clause analysis extends KS2 relative clauses with relative pronouns/adverbs" }, { "topicId": "mt_IegHBHERVa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand decimal notation to compare decimals" }, { "topicId": "mt_iEXqN48w3x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using decimal multipliers for percentage change requires fraction-decimal fluency" }, { "topicId": "mt_iEXqN48w3x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Percentage increase/decrease problems use 'rate', 'proportion', and 'multiplicative relationship' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_iEXqN48w3x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PNSyfH56eQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Percentage increase/decrease extends KS2 percentage calculations" }, { "topicId": "mt_IfEgu0X449", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hyvHv2BCwb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "More shares = smaller helps understand why 1/5 < 1/3" }, { "topicId": "mt_IfEgu0X449", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Kr3IyA6m-O", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing fractions requires understanding them as numbers on a line" }, { "topicId": "mt_iFkd0CTwlA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_frDIaXzWbx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding that letters are symbols representing sounds provides a framework for grasping how hieroglyphs encode language differently" }, { "topicId": "mt_iFkd0CTwlA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_P0HBNfp46z", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scribes are a special job — helps to know about daily life first" }, { "topicId": "mt_iFkd0CTwlA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding hieroglyphs and papyrus requires these exact terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_ifPDOYvUqm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4Km38F4L-6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding fraction as division supports interpreting 1/3 ÷ 4" }, { "topicId": "mt_ifPDOYvUqm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Unit-fraction ÷ whole uses inverse relationship with fraction multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_iGSfQg3g5c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_go5i87u2b9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Seasonal observation supports understanding sunlight warming effects" }, { "topicId": "mt_IHipFGTFEY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_14T5yPXUq_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving problems with fraction data requires unlike-denominator addition" }, { "topicId": "mt_IHipFGTFEY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_42QD6nYjiZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Line plots with fractions extends Y5 line plot with fraction data" }, { "topicId": "mt_IhWzO4sQPg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TlLE4cZgOr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cloud types build on knowing rain comes from clouds" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ii1hV4V5ql", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Fl7b8q9pI1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rounding 1dp to whole (Y4) is prerequisite to rounding 2dp to whole or 1dp" }, { "topicId": "mt_II6iw4BmJI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aVZJhPbc_1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 text structure analysis extends KS2 identifying how language choices and text structure contribute to meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_iiUdDUEEGY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6EfevRyeFW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Engineering for extreme weather requires understanding the hazards" }, { "topicId": "mt_iiUdDUEEGY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JmMtZCifJB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Designing for extreme weather parallels curriculum weather-hazard design solutions" }, { "topicId": "mt_iiUdDUEEGY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-YYnLLIZh5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Engineering solutions benefit from understanding weather systems" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ik-WC2ARPf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_26OJ9MetR9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Anglo-Saxon language contributions are a key legacy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ik-WC2ARPf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8ShghTx0jd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Magna Carta is a key legacy item — must understand it first" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ik-WC2ARPf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Nj32xtOhno", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: Greek/Roman legacy topic provides comparison for medieval legacy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ik-WC2ARPf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pitjUcaAdy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Art and architecture are part of the medieval legacy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ik-WC2ARPf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rf23aL6KwH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Printing press as legacy — must understand it before surveying overall legacies" }, { "topicId": "mt_IL86kadLSS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4emC463IyW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prior duration comparison experience feeds into elapsed-time problem solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_IL86kadLSS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UNzojLkNdm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must read time to nearest minute before solving elapsed time problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_ilPrU0cbtT", "prerequisiteId": "mt__casygEB85", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Determining appropriate accuracy requires rounding skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_ilPrU0cbtT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_G3sVFQNCme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 estimation extends Y5 use-rounding-to-check-answers" }, { "topicId": "mt_IlyE-Sm8k5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2GDBmKCJxs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Contextualising past behaviour requires first accepting that the same event can look different from different viewpoints — contextualisation is the deeper explanation for why accounts differ" }, { "topicId": "mt_IlyE-Sm8k5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_32B7xjUPwF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Historical contextualisation requires connecting a person's actions to the world they inhabited — the same connecting habit used across all subjects" }, { "topicId": "mt_IlyE-Sm8k5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VXcua6-txq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Judging historical actions in context draws on era, period, and chronology vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_IM1G_7QzTa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PgsHGYJMH-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Representing addition/subtraction with objects and drawings is the core exercise of early quantitative reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_IM1G_7QzTa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yJmvUCCym7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Solving word problems within 10 with objects requires translating between situation and representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_iNdrM2-oJf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LpSuPgL31x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting quotients formalises equal sharing/grouping from Y1" }, { "topicId": "mt_IntmJBg4VQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Basic encoding ability needed to spell contracted forms" }, { "topicId": "mt_IntmJBg4VQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_t1JXeNgKcu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Spelling contractions builds on reading contractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_iodbOOmEQs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OltpfaX7l6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating a speaker's reasoning parallels evaluating an author's purpose and point of view in reading" }, { "topicId": "mt_iodbOOmEQs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sXRHr7tfS5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying a speaker's reasons and evidence builds on evaluating viewpoints and building on others' contributions in discussion" }, { "topicId": "mt_IoGOSAQ8bz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SUOhjmRqv9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting idioms, adages, and proverbs requires the foundational ability to recognise nonliteral language" }, { "topicId": "mt_IP0PTVfTXp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QHKqckBdAk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced K-Pg extinction analysis depends on basic K-Pg boundary and Chicxulub impact knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_IP0PTVfTXp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-r3B4FQyX3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Advanced K-Pg analysis connects with KS3 extinction and natural selection concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_iQYPw8bMfN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DLcEzmmj2r", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Length word problems exercise real-world modelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_iQYPw8bMfN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_f67qGDhyfi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 modelling builds on age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_iQYPw8bMfN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mayItsxMUu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Line plots from measurement data exercise modelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_IR8kIjZn_V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bKlnc7dyVK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Archaeologists studying Egypt parallels palaeontologists studying fossils — both are scientists uncovering the past" }, { "topicId": "mt_IR8kIjZn_V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bvxkT1nepy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Carter's discovery of tomb treasures benefits from knowing about afterlife beliefs" }, { "topicId": "mt_IR8kIjZn_V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mmudyxf7bT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Howard Carter's discovery is about finding a tomb inside a pyramid/valley context" }, { "topicId": "mt_IR8kIjZn_V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding how we know about Egypt requires 'archaeologist' and 'artefact' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_islVn_P28Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_22XbXTRq50", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Detailed exploration stories build on simple explorer introductions" }, { "topicId": "mt_islVn_P28Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z9jn9HogfE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding Arctic vs Antarctic geography enriches the exploration narrative" }, { "topicId": "mt_isojCL9yy-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Place-value understanding supports reasoning about tens" }, { "topicId": "mt_isojCL9yy-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WX30dzi4dt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiplying by multiples of 10 requires single-digit fluency" }, { "topicId": "mt__Itf4aQZUj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FAXjFkgG6X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 using structure is prerequisite to age 8-9 level" }, { "topicId": "mt__Itf4aQZUj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kDMKJ5Ztt6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Dividing by 10/100 exercises place-value structural patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt__Itf4aQZUj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using mathematical structure (distributive property, fraction equivalence) draws on the universal pattern-and-structure habit" }, { "topicId": "mt__Itf4aQZUj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Xt1cRqaBOW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Quadrilateral classification exercises using structure (shape hierarchy)" }, { "topicId": "mt_iTjrKEdAOj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ae-cHHFR76", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding star brightness and distance helps contextualise different stages of star life" }, { "topicId": "mt_iTjrKEdAOj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u3Y3Tb-G_n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Sun is a star before learning about star life cycles" }, { "topicId": "mt_itldWmVItr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_islVn_P28Z", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exploration history provides context for why the Treaty was needed" }, { "topicId": "mt_itldWmVItr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z9jn9HogfE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Antarctic geography before learning about the Treaty governing it" }, { "topicId": "mt_IuHa5UI5od", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NSC3LT_-ch", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Volume as an attribute formalises Y5 informal volume estimation with cubes" }, { "topicId": "mt_iv-BJS9W60", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4wKFP3jud", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining relationships builds on describing connections" }, { "topicId": "mt_IwEOCN6bL1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4MFUAsbx_6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Protractor use exercises strategic tool selection" }, { "topicId": "mt_IwEOCN6bL1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_d-WZC2OyMB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 8-9 strategic tool use is prerequisite to age 9-10 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_IwEOCN6bL1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-V7EnqU7gG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing common-denominator approach requires strategic method selection" }, { "topicId": "mt_Iwg2diBSyW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LhkP_KKIRS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Calming strategies benefit from naming the emotion you're trying to manage" }, { "topicId": "mt_Iwg2diBSyW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SeNxOZTHCN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calming strategies (calm, breathe, settle) rely on knowing this vocabulary to name and apply the techniques" }, { "topicId": "mt_iWGnyUyN2j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ag9NSWJu-X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Resolving disagreements requires vocabulary for conflict, resolution, and compromise" }, { "topicId": "mt_iWGnyUyN2j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HBcvu0UxYe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Conflict resolution builds on understanding friendship qualities" }, { "topicId": "mt_iWGnyUyN2j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kvrvpQris4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Resolving disagreements benefits from expressing feelings in words" }, { "topicId": "mt_iWGnyUyN2j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wwdRhPyz6s", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Resolving disagreements through conversation requires the collaborative speaking skills — staying on topic, building on others' contributions — from Speaking & Listening" }, { "topicId": "mt_iWGnyUyN2j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YbX3LD0Eca", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Resolving disagreements builds on listening to others" }, { "topicId": "mt_IX37F4rNed", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2ESZh70NyS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: providing reasoned justifications for views about texts benefits from constructing logical multi-step arguments in maths" }, { "topicId": "mt_IX37F4rNed", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Justified views requires drawing inferences with evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_IY3KwGLZgk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must group organisms by features before formal classification into broad groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_IY3KwGLZgk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_brgde1Vx0P", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must use classification keys before understanding formal broad group classification" }, { "topicId": "mt_iycQEai3dK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bKlnc7dyVK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand what fossils are before learning how they form in detail" }, { "topicId": "mt_iycQEai3dK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JednrdYqpt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding how fossils form (and that fossil evidence is the basis of dinosaur science) is enriched by the prior understanding that dinosaurs are real animals distinct from fictional or commonly-confused creatures — scientific reasoning starts from accurate categorisation" }, { "topicId": "mt_iycQEai3dK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mwirOvigWD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum fossil formation topic (GB Y3) directly underpins detailed dinosaur fossil formation understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_iYOcfzFqMw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TMOzMCE17H", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Global atmospheric circulation depends on climate zones" }, { "topicId": "mt_iyovKgZC1q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cdMlC7EpTJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Generalising polygon angle sums exemplifies repeated reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_iyovKgZC1q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hbe_kdE_7C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing algebraic rules and extending angle facts to any polygon is the mature maths form of the universal generalisation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_iyovKgZC1q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hBZwbst0ow", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Linear sequences are key Y6 generalisation context" }, { "topicId": "mt_iyovKgZC1q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jCy07DyBNU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 generalisation extends Y5 repeated reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_izien3ZX51", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Requires three-digit place value to understand which digit changes" }, { "topicId": "mt_izien3ZX51", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kw7xmp68rU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding 10/100 more/less within 1000 extends finding 10 more/less of two-digit numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_IzlVK0Eony", "prerequisiteId": "mt_83gRQ9OPkc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know human senses before modelling sense-brain-response pathway in animals" }, { "topicId": "mt_IzQvs7k_sE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting in 4s and 8s extends prior skip counting in 2s, 5s, 10s" }, { "topicId": "mt_J03RFlVdas", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cdMlC7EpTJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends KS2 angle sums in triangles and quadrilaterals to general polygons" }, { "topicId": "mt_J03RFlVdas", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KwdjWEmMNo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Expressing angle sum as (n-2)×180 requires algebraic notation for the general formula" }, { "topicId": "mt_J03RFlVdas", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tedML_iu4Y", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Polygon angle sums require fluency with basic angle properties" }, { "topicId": "mt__J2BO4V95l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0ewYhTSHtP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Self-regulation mastery depends on advanced resilience skills" }, { "topicId": "mt__J2BO4V95l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jd2aWEUJ9G", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced self-regulation mastery depends on earlier self-regulation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_j2idD_jq73", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comma before coordinating conjunction builds on existing comma knowledge from list commas" }, { "topicId": "mt_j2idD_jq73", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Learners must understand coordinating conjunctions joining clauses before learning the punctuation rule for compound sentences" }, { "topicId": "mt_j32D5DZX7x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OltpfaX7l6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing firsthand and secondhand accounts builds on distinguishing author's POV and identifying author's purpose" }, { "topicId": "mt_J339bO7qLe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ALUrJpY0cZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fractions/percentages as operators requires understanding percentages as fractions/decimals" }, { "topicId": "mt_j351evNNnB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cU3LcEVkBQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing adjectives from adverbs builds on using adjectives in expanded noun phrases" }, { "topicId": "mt_J40cOn7VWn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_okUMpHsV-P", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Advanced hormonal regulation depends on understanding neuron structure and signal transmission" }, { "topicId": "mt_J40cOn7VWn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pu2mmK27UA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced endocrinology and hormonal feedback loops depends on the puberty and hormones overview" }, { "topicId": "mt_J4j7d3iAfg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_c29FaCTNsx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recording probability experiment results in tally charts uses the data-recording skills taught in Data & Statistics" }, { "topicId": "mt_J4j7d3iAfg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iFFKZd-Vgv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Conducting probability experiments and describing results requires knowing the language used to describe likelihood" }, { "topicId": "mt_J5cx6S_eT9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B8JOz79O6t", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 terminology builds directly on Y3 terminology knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_J5cx6S_eT9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qzwQAOfurw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 terminology builds on Y2 terminology knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_j5YqQnN6xe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2ESZh70NyS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 formal reasoning extends Y5 multi-step argument construction" }, { "topicId": "mt_j5YqQnN6xe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cdMlC7EpTJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Angle-based proofs draw on angle sum knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_j5YqQnN6xe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VKW8lOcFaw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Disproving 'multiplication always makes bigger' uses scaling concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_j6ENpc8--_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_32B7xjUPwF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing on techniques observed in texts read requires the habit of connecting new information to existing knowledge from reading" }, { "topicId": "mt_j6ENpc8--_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Planning narrative like authors requires vocabulary of 'technique', 'structure', 'voice', and 'style'" }, { "topicId": "mt_j6ENpc8--_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Authorial techniques planning builds on identifying audience/purpose" }, { "topicId": "mt_J6uccv2Bo4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OnV_DTp5i8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding harm to food webs (overfishing) benefits from food web knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_J6uccv2Bo4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4OYcWJs6H", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding human impact requires ecosystem systems thinking" }, { "topicId": "mt_j8Pv3s7TZR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i1kk9HDctI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing different coping strategies requires the vocabulary of regulation, triggers, and distress" }, { "topicId": "mt_j8Pv3s7TZR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Iwg2diBSyW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Different coping strategies builds on knowing basic calming strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_j8Pv3s7TZR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ytd8XC3eQr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing coping strategies benefits from reading body-emotion signals" }, { "topicId": "mt_jBQS-CicNn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TdV9YGJEoY", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Position/direction vocabulary supports understanding coordinate grid" }, { "topicId": "mt_JBWMqZVO7S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1dXhJp6qLJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing palaeontological field and lab work includes coprolite analysis as an example of trace fossil interpretation — students who know what coprolites are and what they reveal will understand the breadth of palaeontological methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_JBWMqZVO7S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1VSFoM44JU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding different fossil types helps contextualise what palaeontologists look for" }, { "topicId": "mt_JBWMqZVO7S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iycQEai3dK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fossil formation before learning field excavation methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_JBWMqZVO7S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wpvuz3mvBq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding how palaeontologists work in the field and lab includes the use of trace fossils like trackways as evidence — having previously studied trackway inference prepares students to understand fieldwork procedures more concretely" }, { "topicId": "mt_JcfP1hWKa_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1LFVPjdGg-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand food webs and decomposers before grasping the nutrient cycling paradox" }, { "topicId": "mt_JcfP1hWKa_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wx5m6mwkpj", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Plant adaptations (buttress roots in thin soil) connect to the poor-soil paradox" }, { "topicId": "mt_jCy07DyBNU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_A-FyLLLLzy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Generating patterns from rules exercises repeated reasoning and generalisation" }, { "topicId": "mt_jCy07DyBNU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aivrWs6jrS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 8-9 repeated reasoning is prerequisite to age 9-10 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_jCy07DyBNU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ebPelt-qAl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Equivalent fraction patterns exercise generalisation" }, { "topicId": "mt_jCy07DyBNU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hbe_kdE_7C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing general rules for sequences and predicting terms applies the universal generalisation habit in a mathematical context" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jd2aWEUJ9G", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Amw5ikSSQI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coping toolkit reflection builds on understanding resilience" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jd2aWEUJ9G", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cJjnPjuvCU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on strategies benefits from goal-setting experience" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jd2aWEUJ9G", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Building a personal toolkit of self-regulation strategies requires first having noticed the patterns of situations that trigger you and the reactions you typically have" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jd2aWEUJ9G", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Building a personal toolkit of self-regulation strategies and evaluating which work best is the PSD form of the universal strategy-evaluation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_JdAnBKIDnw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5OxKnrGEMP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing civilisations benefits from understanding Egyptian economy and trade" }, { "topicId": "mt_JdAnBKIDnw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HZyUwycFvf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Legacy and comparison requires understanding how and why Egypt ended" }, { "topicId": "mt_JdAnBKIDnw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PCX1jZZnf9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing civilisations requires understanding Egyptian governance model" }, { "topicId": "mt_JdAnBKIDnw", "prerequisiteId": "mt__qlBYNP62H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Legacy topic benefits from understanding Egypt's artistic and architectural achievements" }, { "topicId": "mt_JednrdYqpt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BnabTHkNIp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know some dinosaurs before distinguishing them from non-dinosaurs" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jf8xcX4UTq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4MFUAsbx_6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 drawing/measuring extends KS2 protractor and ruler skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jf8xcX4UTq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hdrMoiTgqu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing figures with given dimensions extends KS2 drawing 2D shapes accurately" }, { "topicId": "mt_jgNB2752b9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9NvuqZKNiV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe magnets attract/repel before formalising pole rules" }, { "topicId": "mt_JH_6RpNWjr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ac7oMWhyPw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding/subtracting decimals requires reading and comparing decimals to thousandths" }, { "topicId": "mt_JH_6RpNWjr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EDgw64OmfA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Place-value understanding of ×10/÷10 supports decimal regrouping" }, { "topicId": "mt_JH_6RpNWjr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Yw1_4Nfsql", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Decimal addition/subtraction builds on fluent whole-number columnar algorithm" }, { "topicId": "mt_jHgRQ4hR0g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8jFSnXxqQD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The full BODMAS/PEMDAS convention extends understanding of grouping symbols to all operations" }, { "topicId": "mt_jHv4BgRK8B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4x3l2JeLI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to measure with tools before comparing measurements in different units" }, { "topicId": "mt_jIcgbCmziD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aVZJhPbc_1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding context requires recognising how language choices serve different purposes" }, { "topicId": "mt_jIcgbCmziD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V6456X6pJE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Purpose and audience analysis extends KS2 distinguishing fact from opinion" }, { "topicId": "mt_jIszRCO2ij", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2uHYdoxD0H", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The plan-do-review cycle requires metacognitive monitoring — you cannot honestly review without being able to survey your own understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_jIszRCO2ij", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QR3vxbN1o4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The plan-do-review cycle is the mature form of the basic planning habit established at age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_JivEBTD_KV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h-z88yf9Pn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Peer pressure as a concept requires knowing the term 'peer pressure' and vocabulary of 'rights' and 'responsibility'" }, { "topicId": "mt_JivEBTD_KV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RhntJz7p_6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Resisting peer pressure builds on decision-making process" }, { "topicId": "mt_JivEBTD_KV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rqLMfiw61L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Resisting peer pressure benefits from assertive communication skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_JivEBTD_KV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yCmYV9ruQu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Peer pressure resistance builds on bystander/upstander awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_JiZ3H90Xg8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6xj94tmpi-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced decision-making depends on earlier critical thinking skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_JiZ3H90Xg8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RNeEF1JU4J", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced decision-making depends on earlier problem-solving skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_JmMtZCifJB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Gm12BzcCfX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate knowledge supports understanding weather-related hazards" }, { "topicId": "mt_JmMtZCifJB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_URezjbU-6f", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand weather hazards before evaluating design solutions to reduce their impacts" }, { "topicId": "mt_-JnOhdei6F", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NVr4AhsvIq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plate boundaries as earthquake cause builds on simpler causal model" }, { "topicId": "mt_-JnOhdei6F", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XrvPx5kUfO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plate boundary mechanisms require knowing what tectonic plates are" }, { "topicId": "mt_jO0gHMk7Ti", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tX0R4-4WXy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Genre comparison builds on comparing themes across texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_JpQUM1129q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cxJRc15osy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tracing the digestive journey builds on knowing the body needs food for energy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jq0MjURrRC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Phonemic spelling helps as starting strategy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jq0MjURrRC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_frDIaXzWbx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need letter recognition for exception word spelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_JSUGQ5Repv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding how species distribution changes affects food webs and ecosystem interdependence" }, { "topicId": "mt_JSUGQ5Repv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 species distribution and climate change extends KS2 understanding that environmental change can threaten living things" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jvg8X0N5u0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4WaKWECpcv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interpreting formulae connects to interpreting numerical expressions" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jvg8X0N5u0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jHgRQ4hR0g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Substituting into formulae requires understanding order of operations" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jvg_r4yWaY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2Um22lTBZV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 kinetic energy store extends KS2 US understanding that faster-moving objects have more energy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jvg_r4yWaY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_akBotspaf2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying energy stores and transfer pathways is a formalisation of the energy type vocabulary introduced earlier" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jvg_r4yWaY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EQQWKz03P8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 energy stores and radiation transfer provides the physics vocabulary for explaining how greenhouse gases re-emit infrared" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jvg_r4yWaY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X_aDUBh-HF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 energy stores model extends KS2 US observation that energy is transferred by sound, light, heat and electric currents" }, { "topicId": "mt_jvJ35MmCvK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XbGfVhfiUz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what computers are before understanding robots as programmable machines" }, { "topicId": "mt_Jvvh5P06NV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_y1n0Zwhoca", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting unit squares is prerequisite to connecting tiling to multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_JVVKT-_AD9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Cqm8iy48UI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: drawing on information from multiple print/digital sources benefits from the ability to read and interpret tables" }, { "topicId": "mt_JVVKT-_AD9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZhUuT__i2H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using multiple sources builds on non-fiction text features" }, { "topicId": "mt_jwElFY7Syd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding layers requires knowing what a volcano is (motivation for internal structure)" }, { "topicId": "mt_jwElFY7Syd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uUa6cgv8zV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Earth's layers builds on knowing Earth is made of rock" }, { "topicId": "mt_JwP9QFv6gQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MHaiUd2FLA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing beyond 1000 is prerequisite to comparing up to 1,000,000" }, { "topicId": "mt_JwP9QFv6gQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QqG6IdmTSE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding ×10 place-value relationship supports reading/writing larger numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Four-digit place value extends three-digit place value" }, { "topicId": "mt_JyfLtl_nhw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_68pIoiiG4g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Efficiency calculations quantify how much energy is conserved vs dissipated — conservation and dissipation must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_JyfLtl_nhw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AiWlJfvC3O", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Work done = force × distance links energy to mechanics — understanding forces as vectors provides the context" }, { "topicId": "mt_JyfLtl_nhw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PNSyfH56eQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Calculating energy efficiency as a percentage requires percentage calculation skills from Math" }, { "topicId": "mt_K0mZxY2AM8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EHuU1ZeUFA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Relating daylight length to time of year draws on orbit and solar system vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_K0mZxY2AM8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_go5i87u2b9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Seasonal changes observation supports daylight pattern recognition" }, { "topicId": "mt_K0Y15w48SY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hVpGOEz2kG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Transformations on coordinate grids require confident four-quadrant coordinate work" }, { "topicId": "mt_K0Y15w48SY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lxaM6iVpdr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 transformations extend KS2 translation and reflection on coordinate plane" }, { "topicId": "mt_K1-HopEJAB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X_aDUBh-HF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand energy transfer forms before designing an energy conversion device" }, { "topicId": "mt_k1HXbEwG8f", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6aJUzBYGNs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining genetic vs environmental causes of variation requires first knowing what genes and chromosomes are" }, { "topicId": "mt_k1HXbEwG8f", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AylKwhbDWM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 variation within species builds on KS2 recognition that living things can be grouped by observable features" }, { "topicId": "mt_k2WE0-22-4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding fractions of discrete sets extends finding fractions of shapes/quantities" }, { "topicId": "mt_k2WE0-22-4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LpSuPgL31x", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Finding 1/4 of 12 objects connects to division as sharing equally" }, { "topicId": "mt_K3R0yaHVcx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_d8al9JcajP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Unit conversion exercises modelling with appropriate representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_K3R0yaHVcx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GzcJEVkNRn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Area of rectangles exercises modelling real-world with multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_K3R0yaHVcx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iQYPw8bMfN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 modelling is prerequisite to age 8-9 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_K5jM7vlVhA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7rJM8eWUfw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Counting in 6s/7s/9s supports learning those table facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_K5jM7vlVhA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wQ89AEXhz3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "All tables to 12×12 extends knowledge of 3/4/8 tables" }, { "topicId": "mt_K6qtan847r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kH1DzOPsXG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand data before training a machine with data" }, { "topicId": "mt_K6qtan847r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ofOGCQ7FWj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand patterns and sorting before grasping the training process" }, { "topicId": "mt_k7VtbWdfDO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Subjunctive forms build on understanding of subordination and clause structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_K8_RYIvrTV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FNSeo9_T2Z", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Money safety concepts extend to digital payment safety" }, { "topicId": "mt_K8_RYIvrTV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RNRymbz5SO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand buying transactions before exploring different payment methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_KA5j5OeGvw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RhntJz7p_6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding emotions affect decisions connects to the decision-making process" }, { "topicId": "mt_KA5j5OeGvw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ytd8XC3eQr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Emotions influencing decisions builds on body-emotion awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_KaF0SQvaiu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uhuxX8sg9f", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring length with units requires first being able to compare lengths directly" }, { "topicId": "mt_KbCCmLmxYN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H6LlpWgEYS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interpreting visual information in non-fiction texts draws on line graph reading skills from Math" }, { "topicId": "mt_KbCCmLmxYN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OlhMP7ShFT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting visual/quantitative information in informational texts builds on using pictures to support comprehension; the step up is from illustrations to charts, graphs, and diagrams" }, { "topicId": "mt_KB_Czd7RQH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1VmTUxBrNd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Trigonometry extends Pythagoras by introducing angle-side relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_KB_Czd7RQH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3qrCtdoVAU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using trig ratios to find unknowns requires formula rearrangement" }, { "topicId": "mt_kCSy3Lsgme", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4bJiGiMPmy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tides shape coastal habitats; builds on beach/coast concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_kCSy3Lsgme", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oAg79ju344", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tides/waves/currents require basic ocean knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_kDKo4lxRKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7OJjLOl0fz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know polar animals before learning how they are adapted" }, { "topicId": "mt_kDKo4lxRKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_O9dH94NFae", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Polar bear adaptations (blubber, hollow fur) are key examples" }, { "topicId": "mt_kDMKJ5Ztt6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_doX1BhmFgk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand hundredths to identify digit values when dividing by 10/100" }, { "topicId": "mt_kDMKJ5Ztt6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know decimal notation to express results of dividing by 10/100" }, { "topicId": "mt_kdWoAel3Zl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Vi4Vo5xs_g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Decimal notation for 10ths/100ths is prerequisite to extending to thousandths" }, { "topicId": "mt_KFKUR_gBg_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rectangle area/perimeter formulas support finding missing lengths" }, { "topicId": "mt_KFKUR_gBg_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Xt1cRqaBOW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Quadrilateral classification supports reasoning about rectangle properties" }, { "topicId": "mt__kFxuAgs6d", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mdZ3nBWChW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Seismic wave types and Earth interior depends on seismometer and earthquake measurement concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_kgTN6yk4oE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6oxQPNLHNv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding measurement of length and mass helps children appreciate the scale of engineering involved in moving and lifting multi-tonne stone blocks" }, { "topicId": "mt_kgTN6yk4oE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mmudyxf7bT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pyramid construction and Valley of Kings builds on basic pyramids knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_kgTN6yk4oE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pTz6u49fQt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Tomb evolution from pyramids to Valley of Kings benefits from timeline context" }, { "topicId": "mt_kgTN6yk4oE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining how the pyramids were built requires pyramid, obelisk, and engineering vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_kH1DzOPsXG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AzTrT5ySCx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Seeing AI in daily life motivates understanding what data powers it" }, { "topicId": "mt_kH1DzOPsXG", "prerequisiteId": "mt__p5n8z5soJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand that computers follow instructions before learning about data as their input" }, { "topicId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F978c32kDr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need GPC knowledge to blend" }, { "topicId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PvU3eoikev", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Phoneme awareness needed for blending" }, { "topicId": "mt_KhS7K1Mgrw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FX4a2Q8XXN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expanding double brackets extends single-bracket expansion using FOIL/grid method" }, { "topicId": "mt_KhS7K1Mgrw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nNNVrLqPW3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expanding double brackets requires collecting like terms to simplify the result" }, { "topicId": "mt_KIG5FQI5fC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Irregular past tense builds on understanding of regular past tense verb formation" }, { "topicId": "mt_KiRn5lnRgj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w2xiMNkyyX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Earth's rotation and orbit before comparing geocentric vs heliocentric models" }, { "topicId": "mt_kJ4xXKL_nO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8FwtdJzeDh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Integrating several texts builds on integrating two texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_kJ5wYzO8qC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nyK25mNOeR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 6-7 explaining with diagrams/logic builds on age 5-6 showing and telling with objects" }, { "topicId": "mt_kJ5wYzO8qC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oIzycTBeE4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Determining whether equations are true/false exercises evaluating and justifying" }, { "topicId": "mt_kJ5wYzO8qC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QCgbiVrwnp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Justifying why a+b=b+a exercises logical mathematical argument" }, { "topicId": "mt_kJGCjnuelW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_s2mfRBoTal", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using number facts to solve problems benefits from known addition/subtraction facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_kJGCjnuelW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using PV to solve problems requires understanding tens and ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_kKxbPHi5Db", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1m5ItPiwUK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Frontier deep ocean exploration technologies depends on ocean exploration tools overview" }, { "topicId": "mt_kKxbPHi5Db", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NPTjGJIyb3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Frontier deep ocean exploration depends on knowledge of trophic cascades and why deep marine environments matter" }, { "topicId": "mt_kLQOzZYrd5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3qrCtdoVAU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rearranging compound unit formulae (speed = distance/time) uses formula rearrangement skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_kLQOzZYrd5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5mIcmKRCgA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Speed, density, and unit pricing are applications of direct/inverse proportion" }, { "topicId": "mt_kLQOzZYrd5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Compound units (speed, density) require 'compound unit', 'rate', 'speed', and 'density' as named and defined vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_kLQOzZYrd5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FspV_imUGK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Compound units like speed and density involve proportional relationships visible on proportion graphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_kLQOzZYrd5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tpT9brpI6D", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Compound units require confident unit conversion (e.g. km/h to m/s)" }, { "topicId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mvXufozy2s", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Noticing confusion and acting on it requires already knowing that asking for help is a valid response to being stuck" }, { "topicId": "mt_KmPZ5diLEP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing character motivations requires inference skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_KmPZ5diLEP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xjl6AEhnjk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Character traits/motivations analysis builds on Y2-3 character POV and comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_kON8bYEHYl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2OSTHTWDpa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand the problem (deforestation) before learning about solutions (conservation)" }, { "topicId": "mt_kON8bYEHYl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m43jiOAOCt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Indigenous knowledge and land rights are a key conservation approach" }, { "topicId": "mt_kOYw43NPzr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7nduoLvoB1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand polar food chains before comparing full ecosystems" }, { "topicId": "mt_kOYw43NPzr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kDKo4lxRKi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Adaptations knowledge enriches ecosystem comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_kOYw43NPzr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X4CJpPRxae", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand tundra to compare terrestrial Arctic vs marine Antarctic" }, { "topicId": "mt_Kr3IyA6m-O", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Placing fractions on number line requires knowing what fractions are" }, { "topicId": "mt_Kr3IyA6m-O", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YzM5goBctT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Counting in tenths supports placing fractions on a number line" }, { "topicId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8QOeG3CuKc", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate connection benefits from knowing ocean geography" }, { "topicId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean-climate connection benefits from understanding weather vs climate distinction" }, { "topicId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kCSy3Lsgme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ocean-climate connection builds on knowing about currents and evaporation" }, { "topicId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4OYcWJs6H", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ocean as climate engine requires systems thinking" }, { "topicId": "mt_KsKLVW_ssY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_go5i87u2b9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Seasonal observation supports understanding land and water features" }, { "topicId": "mt_KTSoXcO7OL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VBl1T1sFCM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand vibrations make sound before finding pitch patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_KTSoXcO7OL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YPSx5pbpVl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding patterns in pitch requires 'pitch' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_k-V37x3zsF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OltpfaX7l6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating author's use of reasons and evidence builds on identifying author's POV and purpose; the step up is from identifying purpose to evaluating the quality of reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_kvrvpQris4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9Y5-GjF2B0", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Expressing feelings in words benefits from understanding triggers" }, { "topicId": "mt_kvrvpQris4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Iwg2diBSyW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Expressing feelings in words benefits from calming down first" }, { "topicId": "mt_kVzAFMuFc4", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to blend sounds within each syllable" }, { "topicId": "mt_kVzAFMuFc4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OgJPbGkrYk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Helpful to know alternative GPCs when decoding longer words" }, { "topicId": "mt_kVzAFMuFc4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UvNrOXny1i", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multi-syllable decoding requires syllable awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_kw7xmp68rU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sYpKWbq5ra", "strength": "soft", "reason": "10 more/less generalises the concept of one more/one less to tens" }, { "topicId": "mt_kw7xmp68rU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mentally finding 10 more/less requires understanding that the tens digit changes" }, { "topicId": "mt_KwdjWEmMNo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i9rJbuFO3p", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Algebraic notation builds on KS2 expressing missing-number problems algebraically" }, { "topicId": "mt_KwdjWEmMNo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jvg8X0N5u0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using letters in expressions extends KS2 simple formulae work" }, { "topicId": "mt_KYx0m4OyZv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iTjrKEdAOj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Stellar nucleosynthesis depends on understanding the basics of a star's life cycle" }, { "topicId": "mt_KYx0m4OyZv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z_Wu_77ybI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Stellar nucleosynthesis depends on understanding atoms, elements, and isotopes" }, { "topicId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j7cer_Nmor", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing plants helps understand what they need" }, { "topicId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zexbopQjG0", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing what plants and animals need to survive uses life processes vocabulary: nutrition, growth, sensitivity" }, { "topicId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zVLOm6U7bh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing animals helps understand what they need" }, { "topicId": "mt_l6OpmOKMuT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m31_gPS8F1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Food chains explain how animals meet their need for food" }, { "topicId": "mt_l6OpmOKMuT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ytUG3yjCYt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Food chains benefit from knowing the variety of animals that eat each other" }, { "topicId": "mt_lAvS72LOUO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LhkP_KKIRS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Showing kindness benefits from recognising emotions in others" }, { "topicId": "mt_lAvS72LOUO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wRlf0g2MbB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Showing kindness meaningfully requires vocabulary for empathy, care, and community" }, { "topicId": "mt_lAvS72LOUO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wzUzVEBqJb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Showing kindness benefits from knowing others have feelings" }, { "topicId": "mt_Lb2ZnMdkYR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_C9ZfT-4cgn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Applying all three properties extends Y2 commutativity understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_Lb2ZnMdkYR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gtTl3R5buH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using properties requires understanding what multiplication means" }, { "topicId": "mt_lcf8lx-LkZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GBY8enpzO0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing contact from non-contact forces requires these exact terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_lcf8lx-LkZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k7GOtslF-x", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Distinguishing contact and non-contact forces is clarified by drawing force diagrams showing where arrows originate" }, { "topicId": "mt_lcf8lx-LkZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-p_xp4hMvh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must experience contact forces like friction before distinguishing contact vs non-contact forces" }, { "topicId": "mt_LCJNRaRXtW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E_OryWIYkn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Narrator POV influence builds on comparing POV" }, { "topicId": "mt_lC_Q5mSL_I", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9L3NQqgqRd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Representing to 10,000 extends representing to 1000" }, { "topicId": "mt_lC_Q5mSL_I", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Representing four-digit numbers requires knowing their place value" }, { "topicId": "mt_LE7nFEwS12", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S4G6GLKr1-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Activating prior knowledge requires the foundational habit of persistent engagement with new material" }, { "topicId": "mt_lFiDFPkVmH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_33RrpbceZE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing the solar system's structure and Earth's orbital path provides context for understanding axial tilt and seasons" }, { "topicId": "mt_lFiDFPkVmH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LQt4vnKeB4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining seasons through axial tilt requires 'axis', 'tilt', 'orbit', 'solstice', and 'equinox' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_lFiDFPkVmH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q15w--Fb5H", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining seasons via axial tilt builds on understanding Earth's rotation and the orbital geometry of Earth around the Sun" }, { "topicId": "mt_LH714Riydn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lp3qyEujIv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Monitoring vocabulary gaps requires distinguishing what you genuinely understand from what you have inferred or assumed — the same literal/inferred awareness applied to word knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_LH714Riydn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Monitoring vocabulary gaps is a form of error and gap analysis — the same habit of investigating what you don't fully know applied to word knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_lHasFmgvnT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v9uYnIY5-B", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The life cycle of stars is understood in the context of the wider universe — galaxies, nebulae, and the scale at which star formation occurs" }, { "topicId": "mt__LiAEHt9nk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1z-gJBJFlM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand responsible AI design before imagining the future of AI" }, { "topicId": "mt__LiAEHt9nk", "prerequisiteId": "mt__AWSThGJ0d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand AI's impact on jobs before envisioning the broader future" }, { "topicId": "mt__LiAEHt9nk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZpCcTU8j_o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Environmental trade-offs inform future AI decisions" }, { "topicId": "mt_liIW336odh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8H2kO4k2B9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Hierarchy includes regular/irregular distinction from Y5" }, { "topicId": "mt_liIW336odh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r8c43QB6wx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Property-based hierarchy extends Y5 classification by parallel/perpendicular lines" }, { "topicId": "mt_lIs10UMkPG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_02DH7sGXCi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Joined handwriting supports sustained writing stamina" }, { "topicId": "mt_lIs10UMkPG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kvrvpQris4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Writing about real events draws on the ability to put feelings into words — the SEL skill of expressing emotions verbally before encoding them in written form" }, { "topicId": "mt_lIs10UMkPG", "prerequisiteId": "mt__MDiDU9Vck", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Informative writing skills support writing for different purposes" }, { "topicId": "mt_lIs10UMkPG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing about real events builds on narrative writing skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_lIs10UMkPG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing for different purposes requires the vocabulary of purpose, genre, recount, and instruction" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0_K-GrKQpd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Developing a model of geosphere–biosphere–hydrosphere–atmosphere interactions requires interpreting cross-section diagrams of Earth's interior" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bqL8DD1SbV", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Modelling geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere interactions draws on geological vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fkcxpeYP85", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Atmosphere topic connects to curriculum geosphere/atmosphere interaction" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Gm12BzcCfX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand climate before modelling atmosphere interactions with other systems" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean-climate connection parallels curriculum geosphere/hydrosphere/atmosphere interaction" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nRF_VRntrW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know water distribution before modelling hydrosphere interactions" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qkewo5M3_c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Water cycle knowledge supports understanding atmosphere-hydrosphere interactions" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rML9unnd9x", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Global effects of eruptions benefits from understanding geosphere/atmosphere interaction" }, { "topicId": "mt_LKagN9GJPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zCGwH1OQZa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Modelling Earth systems interactions draws on water cycle vocabulary for the hydrosphere component" }, { "topicId": "mt_LkOMijDvL7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4JpMXUIxeD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced adaptive immunity and vaccination science depends on immune system basics covering pathogens and defence responses" }, { "topicId": "mt_LlMl2PbaZe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kDMKJ5Ztt6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dividing by 10/100 (Y4 fractions context) is prerequisite to ×÷ by 10/100/1000 with decimals" }, { "topicId": "mt_LlMl2PbaZe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QqG6IdmTSE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "×10 place-value relationship is prerequisite to ×÷ by powers of 10" }, { "topicId": "mt_lm0usBAF53", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yefw2CQT4x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Antagonistic muscles only make sense in the context of how muscles attach to bones via joints" }, { "topicId": "mt_lMLeNLDRO8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VfA4xo4kUv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Microscope technique is learned in the context of observing cells" }, { "topicId": "mt_LMX-nZETLM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing vivid and precise words to create effects requires understanding 'technique', 'tone', and 'style'" }, { "topicId": "mt_LMX-nZETLM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_86DyHo9zO3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Word choice for effect benefits from register awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_LMX-nZETLM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FGCFUCqJBB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Choosing words for effect builds on oral rehearsal and vocabulary building" }, { "topicId": "mt_lMz9nAs7VO", "prerequisiteId": "mt__h7hvT4tEb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing groups exercises precise use of 'more than', 'fewer than', 'equal'" }, { "topicId": "mt_lMz9nAs7VO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qeZYF6HZ4o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing position exercises precise use of positional vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_lMz9nAs7VO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: using mathematical words precisely when counting/comparing relies on basic noun/verb awareness from English" }, { "topicId": "mt_LN_g2b3d34", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uorNrPTh6U", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining the function of prepositions in general and in context builds on practical experience using prepositions and adverbs for time, place, and cause" }, { "topicId": "mt_LN_g2b3d34", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VY3rBq8RyP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word functions builds on understanding prepositions" }, { "topicId": "mt_LN_g2b3d34", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Conjunction functions builds on subordination/coordination" }, { "topicId": "mt_lNGpnILM5C", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ac7oMWhyPw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying digit value in 3dp numbers requires reading decimals to thousandths" }, { "topicId": "mt_LNYTNpJOGT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_f8n4txtLej", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Discussion questions builds on asking relevant questions" }, { "topicId": "mt_loEMaQ8kFA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H3ZDK0EYNV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Applying V = IR rules to series and parallel circuits requires Ohm's Law as a working tool" }, { "topicId": "mt_loEMaQ8kFA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NzCNuABT3E", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Applying rules for current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel circuits requires all this vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_loEMaQ8kFA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-QY08-88rw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS2 investigation of component variations (brightness/loudness) provides intuitive grounding for series vs parallel behaviour" }, { "topicId": "mt_lp3qyEujIv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Distinguishing literal from inferred requires being able to articulate your own understanding clearly enough to examine its source" }, { "topicId": "mt_lp3qyEujIv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GugVunb2lI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing literal from inferred requires first being able to monitor whether you have actually understood — you must notice comprehension before you can interrogate its source" }, { "topicId": "mt_LpSuPgL31x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Division as equal sharing/grouping requires understanding subtraction as taking away/separating" }, { "topicId": "mt_LPYPuSaxv_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h_shhH-6DC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced responsible decision-making depends on earlier civic responsibility concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_LPYPuSaxv_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JivEBTD_KV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced responsible decision-making depends on earlier decision-making skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_LPYPuSaxv_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WtO50EZQkf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Responsible decision-making mastery depends on ethical decision-making skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_LRzjbo1Fn6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9EoS35vaYB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean animal adaptations connect to curriculum adaptation/evolution concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_LRzjbo1Fn6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gTDqxYkLs9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Within GB sequence, knowing life changed over time supports understanding adaptation; US teaches adaptation earlier without this prerequisite" }, { "topicId": "mt_LRzjbo1Fn6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lWqmKn5Jvr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding that adaptation may lead to evolution requires both 'adaptation' and 'evolution' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_LRzjbo1Fn6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UR5LvBeyF1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand variation provides survival advantages before connecting adaptation to evolution" }, { "topicId": "mt_LRzjbo1Fn6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Environmental change knowledge supports understanding why adaptation matters for survival" }, { "topicId": "mt_lSFwVU7V9g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8UL1opbJEt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Upper/Lower Egypt geography builds on basic Egypt-on-map and Nile knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_lSFwVU7V9g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding how ecosystems and habitats work enriches the study of the Nile valley as a life-giving ecosystem surrounded by desert" }, { "topicId": "mt_lSFwVU7V9g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_P0HBNfp46z", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Irrigation and farming detail builds on knowing about daily Egyptian life" }, { "topicId": "mt_lSFwVU7V9g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining irrigation and the Nile delta requires 'delta', 'irrigation', 'shaduf' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_lsO9O-_eZH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m3-eXac3aP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Parenthetical punctuation extends KS2 brackets, dashes, commas for parenthesis" }, { "topicId": "mt_lsO9O-_eZH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uycuqPaiJ1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends KS2 colon to introduce lists, semi-colons within lists" }, { "topicId": "mt_lsO9O-_eZH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xYjD_kA70s", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced punctuation extends KS2 semi-colons, colons, dashes between clauses" }, { "topicId": "mt_LsY4-T2fU7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean-climate concept benefits from knowing salt/fresh water distribution" }, { "topicId": "mt_LsY4-T2fU7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nRF_VRntrW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know where water is found before graphing salt water vs fresh water distribution" }, { "topicId": "mt_LsY4-T2fU7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Graphing water distribution builds on maths data representation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_LTb0ZReMR2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BI6oGIO-xM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what minibeasts are before learning to care for them" }, { "topicId": "mt_LTb0ZReMR2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QH-Fs97twT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding food chains motivates why minibeasts matter" }, { "topicId": "mt_lU-2aTRB9f", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wPgpMJ0-PA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Decimal quotients require understanding of decimal place value and powers of 10" }, { "topicId": "mt_lU-2aTRB9f", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WsM4EmdOLe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Written division with decimal answers extends long division skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IlyE-Sm8k5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising that interpretation is shaped by context — including the historian's own time and perspective — builds on the contextualisation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Distinguishing evidence from interpretation requires analysing where claims come from and what might be wrong with them — the universal error-analysis habit applied to historical argument" }, { "topicId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing evidence from interpretation requires sourcing skill — you must understand who made the evidence and why before you can see that interpretations are layered on top" }, { "topicId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VXcua6-txq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing evidence from interpretation requires both these terms as precise vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wWlZoLQBR6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding that the same evidence supports different interpretations requires first having practised comparing sources through corroboration" }, { "topicId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZxdfRbwkKM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Distinguishing historical evidence from interpretation requires careful reading of informational sources — a skill developed through English non-fiction comprehension" }, { "topicId": "mt_lutxvMlkwS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3v0VNkwquK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic plant needs before exploring how needs vary between plants" }, { "topicId": "mt_LuwHnQItF_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Feudal system context shows how Church power paralleled secular power" }, { "topicId": "mt_LuwHnQItF_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PThM5P7Umd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand medieval daily life before grasping the Church's pervasive influence over it" }, { "topicId": "mt_lvaSGHwvQ5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word problems require fraction multiplication skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_lvaSGHwvQ5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gx6KQK5-Kx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Solving real-world fraction multiplication problems is supported by the ability to visualise the computation using the fractional area tiling model" }, { "topicId": "mt_lvaSGHwvQ5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VKW8lOcFaw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scaling concept helps estimate whether answers are reasonable" }, { "topicId": "mt_lxaM6iVpdr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_efOeaGFyGM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coordinate-plane translations/reflections extend Y5 informal transformations" }, { "topicId": "mt_lxaM6iVpdr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R4AY0LKxfl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Transformations on coordinate plane require four-quadrant coordinates" }, { "topicId": "mt_lxaM6iVpdr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SH7QgFl8-v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing and describing translations and reflections on coordinate planes is the direct application of transformation diagram skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_LxK9OKZQZX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ph4xZVMiVq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Wave properties and the wave equation build directly on the wave model (amplitude, wavelength, frequency) introduced in upper KS2/early secondary" }, { "topicId": "mt_LxK9OKZQZX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SFOSbVnrJ8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing waves in terms of amplitude, wavelength, and frequency requires these exact terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_LxK9OKZQZX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VBl1T1sFCM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Vibrating materials producing sound is a concrete anchor for understanding wave motion" }, { "topicId": "mt_lzCcQzPJZi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6nqVnVdexe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Roman engineering from 7-9 is prerequisite for analysing Roman architectural innovations" }, { "topicId": "mt_lzCcQzPJZi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W_CNRTBgYR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Parthenon is the key example of Greek architecture" }, { "topicId": "mt_M1tnXqmYbn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-F_Lv_apzH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multi-step A+S to 10M extends Y5 multi-step A+S problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_M1tnXqmYbn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Gag_h98jWP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Problems to 10M require reading/comparing numbers to 10M" }, { "topicId": "mt_M1tnXqmYbn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JH_6RpNWjr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Multi-step problems may involve decimal addition/subtraction" }, { "topicId": "mt_m1W6nTQJ2b", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e8CZ7E5qW7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Making-ten strategy requires knowing bonds to 10" }, { "topicId": "mt_m1W6nTQJ2b", "prerequisiteId": "mt__we2TDqnJx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Strategies for within-20 calculation build on fluent within-10 knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_M2Gou3O6qT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RTwmvr9R7V", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Business idea provides context for what to market" }, { "topicId": "mt_M2Gou3O6qT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vpMDMbx4pc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand customers before learning to reach them through marketing" }, { "topicId": "mt_M2v1A9OEuM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting to 1000 by 5s/10s/100s extends skip counting from Year 2" }, { "topicId": "mt_M2v1A9OEuM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R2ccrI-nKD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding multiples of 100 supports skip counting by 100s" }, { "topicId": "mt_m31_gPS8F1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oAg79ju344", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean animal needs are contextualised by knowing what the ocean is" }, { "topicId": "mt_m3-eXac3aP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-mw3JeIjhU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Direct speech punctuation introduces the concept of embedding one structure within another; parenthesis similarly embeds additional information" }, { "topicId": "mt_m3-eXac3aP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Parenthetical commas are a new comma use; learners need secure comma-in-lists knowledge before learning commas for parenthesis" }, { "topicId": "mt_m43jiOAOCt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2zJ1NrGgYm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know that indigenous peoples live in rainforests before learning about their deep ecological knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_M5PPDJStGm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WcfaSfVT33", "strength": "hard", "reason": "One-to-one correspondence requires knowing the number name sequence" }, { "topicId": "mt_m6UaSmrQVG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KsKLVW_ssY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about landforms before designing solutions to prevent wind/water erosion" }, { "topicId": "mt_M7YrfAZk8u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oNWXXAn3cn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know insect body plan to appreciate feats relative to body structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_M8UQTURODF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bKlnc7dyVK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand fossils as evidence before evaluating how artists use them" }, { "topicId": "mt_M8UQTURODF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_T8JGTJ-oNI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Feathered dinosaur knowledge directly affects palaeoart reconstruction accuracy" }, { "topicId": "mt_mayItsxMUu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1VSfm9yiLn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Line plots build on data interpretation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_mayItsxMUu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4x3l2JeLI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Generating measurement data requires measuring lengths with tools" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mb1JUJmnbX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H4YZ1rSKP3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Questioning own assumptions requires precise vocabulary of 'assumption', 'bias', and 'perspective'" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mb1JUJmnbX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noticing that your first read of a situation might be wrong requires awareness of your own patterns of assumption and reaction" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mb1JUJmnbX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rpug2tkYhb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Questioning your assumptions about social situations requires first having practised the harder skill of seeing yourself from another person's perspective" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mb1JUJmnbX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y6P9y1Rz-u", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Questioning your assumptions about why someone acted a certain way is elaborative interrogation applied to social cognition — asking 'why do I think this?' rather than accepting the first explanation" }, { "topicId": "mt_MBTVB-E-S7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mf-T-fYRLX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 purity and formulations extends KS2 dissolving and solutions" }, { "topicId": "mt_MBTVB-E-S7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z_Wu_77ybI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Purity is defined at the atomic/molecular level — distinguishing compounds from mixtures requires atoms/elements knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_MCu_SNg_OW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GDG9_SZmsO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding division as unknown-factor supports short division strategy" }, { "topicId": "mt_MCu_SNg_OW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WX30dzi4dt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluent ×÷ within 100 is prerequisite to short division of larger numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt__MDiDU9Vck", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Informative writing requires knowing 'genre', 'audience', 'purpose', and 'detail' as concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt__MDiDU9Vck", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Oral rehearsal precedes informative writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_mDp-1vlL3R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9NQEiYLQA3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fairness understanding builds on perspective-taking ability" }, { "topicId": "mt_mDp-1vlL3R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a6AYrbb7x4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The distinction between fairness, equality, and equity requires knowing these three terms as distinct concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_mdZ3nBWChW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bhwf_rDXQL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Measuring earthquakes benefits from knowing where they occur" }, { "topicId": "mt_mdZ3nBWChW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NVr4AhsvIq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring earthquakes requires understanding what causes them" }, { "topicId": "mt_MewIRdzpzz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding why place value matters contrasts with Roman numeral system" }, { "topicId": "mt_MFfYcnv6Tv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8OAGVdeTJ_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying right angles requires understanding what an angle is" }, { "topicId": "mt_MFfYcnv6Tv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4V6hvcuEJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying right angles and turns is supported by the convention of marking right angles with a small square" }, { "topicId": "mt_MFfYcnv6Tv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TdV9YGJEoY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Right angles as quarter turns extends Y2 turn vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_mFJ-2ZF6Tk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6_O6THdEDK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Money arithmetic experience feeds into calculating measures including money" }, { "topicId": "mt_mFJ-2ZF6Tk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6oxQPNLHNv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Standard unit measurement is prerequisite to estimating and calculating measures" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mf-T-fYRLX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ahSqW_kK1b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding dissolving and solutions requires 'dissolve', 'solution', 'soluble', 'insoluble' from the process vocabulary node" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mf-T-fYRLX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ge4Wtg6QMM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand solubility as a property before learning dissolving and recovery in detail" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mf-T-fYRLX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qkewo5M3_c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaporation knowledge supports understanding recovery of dissolved substances" }, { "topicId": "mt_MHaiUd2FLA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AQcVRBddko", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing beyond 1000 extends comparing to 1000" }, { "topicId": "mt_MHaiUd2FLA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing four-digit numbers requires four-digit PV" }, { "topicId": "mt_MHaiUd2FLA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lC_Q5mSL_I", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ordering and comparing numbers over 1000 requires the full 10,000 representations toolkit" }, { "topicId": "mt_miGrca8zaS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i1kk9HDctI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Breaking tasks into steps is a self-regulation strategy; vocabulary of being overwhelmed and managing setbacks is helpful" }, { "topicId": "mt_miGrca8zaS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_O_UOTiMvT_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The SEL skill of breaking a big task into manageable steps parallels and builds on the mathematical practice of planning a step-by-step approach to complex problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_miGrca8zaS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pAuo9Op89t", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Breaking tasks into steps builds on growth mindset perseverance" }, { "topicId": "mt_MJZA90uc6H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Exploring area/perimeter relationship requires area and perimeter formula knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_mKAZTqItRG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IntmJBg4VQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand contractions before using apostrophes in writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_mKAZTqItRG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Basic punctuation knowledge supports apostrophe use" }, { "topicId": "mt_mKAZTqItRG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z3G_97fnha", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand possessive apostrophe to use it in writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_mkDqmejLMw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Year 2 progressive forms (is drumming, was shouting) introduced the concept; G4 extends to all three progressive tenses" }, { "topicId": "mt_mkDqmejLMw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Of-WsrRQ8B", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Progressive tenses build on simple tenses; learners must control simple past/present/future before forming progressive (was walking, am walking, will be walking)" }, { "topicId": "mt_mKNmXqz_Oo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Bztatrv-_v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Co-evolutionary arms race concept depends on predator strategies and prey defences" }, { "topicId": "mt_mKNmXqz_Oo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Red Queen hypothesis and evolutionary arms races depends on structural and behavioural adaptations" }, { "topicId": "mt_ML5t7n2-U8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Triangle area formula (½ × b × h) requires understanding multiplying by ½" }, { "topicId": "mt_ML5t7n2-U8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Triangle/parallelogram area extends rectangle area formula" }, { "topicId": "mt_ML5t7n2-U8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jvg8X0N5u0", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using area formulae connects to the general skill of using formulae" }, { "topicId": "mt_ML5t7n2-U8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_liIW336odh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Must identify parallelograms/triangles and understand base/height as geometric properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_MlD0gwLSw9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VjxyJLtIbT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Deepens basic Roman soldiers/builders from 5-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_MlmIrLb_7x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DVSHx3YMkN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced figurative language analysis requires the reading skill of analysing word choice in context" }, { "topicId": "mt_MlmIrLb_7x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5YbLvMgLL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Connotation/denotation distinction extends KS2 antonyms and synonyms" }, { "topicId": "mt_MlmIrLb_7x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_furAIwoO9t", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 figurative language nuance extends KS2 evaluating how authors use figurative language" }, { "topicId": "mt_mMMXD4v9Sh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8UL1opbJEt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Greece & Rome geography builds on Ancient Egypt geography — both Mediterranean civilisations, Egypt came first chronologically" }, { "topicId": "mt_mmudyxf7bT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E7avIa-tcE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pyramids as tombs benefit from knowing pharaohs were powerful rulers" }, { "topicId": "mt_mmudyxf7bT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qcp2d_kuta", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising pyramids as a named 3D geometric shape makes study of the Great Pyramid's physical structure more concrete" }, { "topicId": "mt_mmudyxf7bT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing the pyramids and Sphinx requires 'pyramid', 'sphinx', and related vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_mnEVZNkX3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KJeEeTutJI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing 2-D from 3-D requires knowing what 2-D shapes are" }, { "topicId": "mt_mnEVZNkX3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qcp2d_kuta", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing 2-D from 3-D requires knowing what 3-D shapes are" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mnodea7mG_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qcp2d_kuta", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing 3-D properties (edges, vertices, faces) requires knowing the shapes first" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mnodea7mG_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vnJEztczji", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Counting edges, vertices, and faces is reinforced by analysing nets where each face is visible as a separate 2-D shape" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mnodea7mG_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yGv8doDAmp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Formal property description extends informal analysis of shapes" }, { "topicId": "mt_MOY_2Cqalz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LhkP_KKIRS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Wider emotion vocabulary builds on naming basic emotions" }, { "topicId": "mt_Mp_CpVK6e-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KRNU0IOKfO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Thermohaline circulation mechanics depends on ocean and climate connections" }, { "topicId": "mt_mpktt3wj1M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7D-vlii8F-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Verb tense variety builds on perfect tense" }, { "topicId": "mt_mpktt3wj1M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mkDqmejLMw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Verb tense variety builds on progressive tenses" }, { "topicId": "mt_mpS-JK_p_m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Four-digit operations require four-digit place-value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_mpS-JK_p_m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SrrsLiJkr3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Four-digit columnar methods extend three-digit columnar methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_mQcWGh02no", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4x3l2JeLI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Selecting measurement tools exercises strategic tool use" }, { "topicId": "mt_mQcWGh02no", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SrrsLiJkr3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing mental vs written method exercises strategic tool selection" }, { "topicId": "mt_mQcWGh02no", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zMEvtigoM3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 strategic tool use builds on age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_mqgu72aCMz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-3udyo6VyB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Simultaneous equations graphically requires plotting two linear graphs on the same axes" }, { "topicId": "mt_mqgu72aCMz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding simultaneous equations requires fluency with single linear equations" }, { "topicId": "mt_mqgu72aCMz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YFS7JFk64p", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS2 finding pairs satisfying an equation with two unknowns is a precursor to simultaneous equations" }, { "topicId": "mt_mqQ-DtH5m-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_T8JGTJ-oNI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced dinosaur biomechanics analysis depends on understanding basic dinosaur body plans and locomotion" }, { "topicId": "mt_MqqR7VUoz1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KJeEeTutJI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need to recognise 2-D shapes before composing them into composites" }, { "topicId": "mt_MqqR7VUoz1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XjwUlmxdCT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Composing 2-D shapes at Grade 1 level extends the Kindergarten concept of composing simple shapes" }, { "topicId": "mt_mquPi2IP-J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i80I-1MLP2", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Glucose and oxygen enter cells by diffusion to fuel aerobic respiration" }, { "topicId": "mt_mquPi2IP-J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V9SQS9gLFw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Aerobic respiration uses oxygen obtained through gas exchange — the supply mechanism must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_mRCPP_Ab2W", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ytUG3yjCYt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mammals vs fish distinction benefits from knowing ocean animal variety" }, { "topicId": "mt_mr_Vk7FGzK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_s2mfRBoTal", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding/subtracting to 20 procedurally requires knowing the number bonds" }, { "topicId": "mt_mTpV-0rtkO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Be1A88GUpu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Atmospheric CO₂ and climate change connects to the carbon cycle already covered in Ecosystems & Habitats" }, { "topicId": "mt_mTpV-0rtkO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EQQWKz03P8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 atmospheric composition and CO2 climate role anchors the deeper radiation physics of why CO2 specifically traps heat" }, { "topicId": "mt_muxjw0fxxN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Wild/farm/pet distinction builds on knowing animals exist everywhere" }, { "topicId": "mt_muxjw0fxxN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zVLOm6U7bh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Wild/farm/pet distinction enriched by curriculum animal group identification" }, { "topicId": "mt_-mw3JeIjhU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FGCFUCqJBB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Advanced spoken language skill builds on earlier speaking concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_-mw3JeIjhU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Direct speech punctuation requires secure sentence punctuation" }, { "topicId": "mt_-mw3JeIjhU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u1-UfD0rTH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding sentence types supports writing dialogue" }, { "topicId": "mt_mwirOvigWD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R6YoRXkRxS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must examine rocks before understanding how fossils form within rock" }, { "topicId": "mt_mwirOvigWD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Sa48W7KXB5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding living vs dead supports understanding what gets fossilised" }, { "topicId": "mt_MWXPiaTnEu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oDU_8zMZjp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mental add/sub with 3-digit numbers and ones feeds into larger-number mental methods" }, { "topicId": "mt_MWXPiaTnEu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QqG6IdmTSE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "×10 place-value relationship supports mental strategies with large numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_M_xcaRcvSo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oN7fI4d_kU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Castles provide the physical context for understanding knights who lived and served in them" }, { "topicId": "mt_My0OL6fhGL", "prerequisiteId": "mt__ab4knIaSL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand needs vs wants to critically evaluate advertising" }, { "topicId": "mt_My0OL6fhGL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RNRymbz5SO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Buying experience provides context for understanding advertising pressure" }, { "topicId": "mt_mydcMoa8gN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cEQqskOaoo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced emotional literacy skills depends on earlier emotional expression concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_mydcMoa8gN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p-8Hlf6_9k", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Emotional literacy mastery depends on advanced emotion regulation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_MyGblah2yY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8RmpkDxT9L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Writing fraction sentences (1/2 of 6 = 3) requires understanding the = sign" }, { "topicId": "mt_MyGblah2yY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing fractions and recognising equivalence requires knowing what the fractions mean" }, { "topicId": "mt_MyGblah2yY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vKcxX6iNOA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing fractions and recognising equivalence requires 'equivalent fraction' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_mywsN77hGZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h0CVtqI2xo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Naming acute/obtuse angles exercises precision in geometric vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_mywsN77hGZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HY8Yycu_rz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 precision is prerequisite to age 8-9 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_mywsN77hGZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_y1n0Zwhoca", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Stating area in correct square units exercises measurement precision" }, { "topicId": "mt_n0AlyLQwC9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eMtV6tBSJm", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Decomposing rectilinear figures supports finding missing sides for perimeter" }, { "topicId": "mt_n0AlyLQwC9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WtcFrxGOgw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 perimeter of polygons is prerequisite to composite rectilinear perimeter" }, { "topicId": "mt_N1744276Zu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9REmUc8r4D", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Basic concept that knowledge of the past comes from evidence underpins this topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_N1744276Zu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Historical Thinking source evaluation skills underpin Greek/Roman evidence evaluation" }, { "topicId": "mt_N1744276Zu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VP9yZJ1xeP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pompeii is a key source of evidence discussed in this topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_N1744276Zu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W_CNRTBgYR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pottery paintings are a key evidence type for Greek history" }, { "topicId": "mt__N55B7u7HD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TcG90kS8nu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring time in units requires understanding time comparison language first" }, { "topicId": "mt_n5_Jt4ExUd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ph4xZVMiVq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Wave model supports understanding patterns used for information transfer" }, { "topicId": "mt_n5_Jt4ExUd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZL9qVVnpwN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have built a simple communication device before comparing multiple information transfer solutions" }, { "topicId": "mt_N5tciHU8cE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gbTyzvnWzr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 voice and mood extends KS2 passive voice" }, { "topicId": "mt_N5tciHU8cE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k7VtbWdfDO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding verb mood extends KS2 subjunctive form in formal writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_N5tiL3uIeq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aVZJhPbc_1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing grammatical impact extends KS2 identifying how language choices contribute to meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_N5tiL3uIeq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N5tciHU8cE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Analysing authorial grammatical choices is enriched by understanding active/passive voice and verb moods as tools authors use deliberately" }, { "topicId": "mt_N5tiL3uIeq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_T9IXrlxfx2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing grammar as a writer's tool requires understanding sentence variety" }, { "topicId": "mt_n6GhzDPllD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using talk to explore ideas and speculate requires noticing what you don't yet understand — the comprehension-monitoring habit in a spoken register" }, { "topicId": "mt_N9zffZxuu5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7D-vlii8F-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding modal verbs is enriched by the prior study of present perfect, which also expresses nuanced relationships between time and action" }, { "topicId": "mt_N9zffZxuu5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ay0qkGj0jg", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Standard English verb inflections provide the base forms that modals modify" }, { "topicId": "mt_N9zffZxuu5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Modal verbs express degrees of possibility and are understood within the broader framework of verb tense and aspect" }, { "topicId": "mt_N9zffZxuu5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Of-WsrRQ8B", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Modal verbs modify main verbs to express possibility/necessity; learners need a secure grasp of simple verb tenses before adding modal modifiers" }, { "topicId": "mt_NaqEP8xDhZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_doX1BhmFgk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding hundredths is prerequisite to working with 10ths and 100ths together" }, { "topicId": "mt_NaqEP8xDhZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ebPelt-qAl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Generating equivalent fractions supports converting 10ths to 100ths" }, { "topicId": "mt_NckKLZ3uCE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gv_uoHkdjR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 rock cycle (igneous/sedimentary/metamorphic) provides material science context for plate boundary processes" }, { "topicId": "mt_NckKLZ3uCE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R6YoRXkRxS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The rock cycle requires prior knowledge of rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) and their observable properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_NckKLZ3uCE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yhhprm7dZK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding that soils are derived from weathered rock provides concrete grounding for rock cycle weathering and erosion processes" }, { "topicId": "mt_NCrbQe0LdB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AbnwmKD8oe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced cooperation skills depends on earlier group work concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_NCrbQe0LdB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nqM2OW0Qlm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced cooperation skills depends on foundational advanced friendship skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M5PPDJStGm", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sequencing events in narrative writing draws on the ordinal/sequential thinking developed through counting" }, { "topicId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing simple narratives requires 'narrative', 'sequence', 'beginning', 'middle', 'ending' as shared vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Oral rehearsal precedes written narrative" }, { "topicId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sSQlLOnAow", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Story elements from reading inform writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBfj79OqXz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Handwriting needed for written narrative" }, { "topicId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising fractions of shapes/quantities is prerequisite to formal unit fraction understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vKcxX6iNOA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding a/b as a parts of 1/b requires numerator, denominator, and unit fraction vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Xp-rj46S2w", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Partition into equal shares is prerequisite to understanding unit fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_NDZYiLvApW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Biodiversity loss connects to species endangerment" }, { "topicId": "mt_NDZYiLvApW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Bztatrv-_v", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Predator-prey relationships are key component of ecosystem balance" }, { "topicId": "mt_NDZYiLvApW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EaWjCyn8W2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Biodiversity requires understanding adaptation as basis for species diversity" }, { "topicId": "mt_NDZYiLvApW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H8OgKZbgGe", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Symbiosis is an important aspect of biodiversity and ecosystem health" }, { "topicId": "mt_NDZYiLvApW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R7LEuZjTmx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Insects as pollinators/decomposers are key to understanding ecosystem services" }, { "topicId": "mt_nFBLNoChD0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_18qkgxr_-T", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Irregular and collective plurals build on regular plural noun formation" }, { "topicId": "mt_nIl1kKZHsk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5ju6kQSu3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cultural shaping of emotions builds on knowing people mask/hide feelings" }, { "topicId": "mt_Nj32xtOhno", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cUMUYkDqZp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Philosophy is a key Greek legacy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Nj32xtOhno", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JdAnBKIDnw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Greece & Rome legacy capstone benefits from Egypt legacy comparison — chain of cultural transmission" }, { "topicId": "mt_Nj32xtOhno", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lzCcQzPJZi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Architecture is a key combined legacy" }, { "topicId": "mt_Nj32xtOhno", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uzk7qs4KxE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Law, Latin, Christianity are key Roman legacies" }, { "topicId": "mt_Nj32xtOhno", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XMz_ohNjYO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Alexander's conquests explain how Greek ideas spread" }, { "topicId": "mt_nKS_vCYrg3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4wKFP3jud", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining events/procedures/causes builds on describing connections in informational text; the step up is from identifying connections to explaining what happened and why" }, { "topicId": "mt_NLSfvB9vUl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AQcVRBddko", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding which multiple is closer uses comparison skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_NLSfvB9vUl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rounding to nearest 1000 requires four-digit PV understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_NLSfvB9vUl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QaYfeVL-0C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rounding supports estimation" }, { "topicId": "mt_nNDX_jZ-cb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Iwg2diBSyW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Patience benefits from calming strategies when waiting is hard" }, { "topicId": "mt_nNDX_jZ-cb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SeNxOZTHCN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Patience and waiting practice requires understanding the vocabulary of coping and managing big feelings" }, { "topicId": "mt_NnlnxCx1DO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5OxKnrGEMP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding Egypt's diplomatic and military relationships with neighbours depends on Egyptian economy and trade networks" }, { "topicId": "mt_NNNbPccwB4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DA7-JYRvtP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must build circuits before predicting whether a lamp will light" }, { "topicId": "mt_nNNVrLqPW3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g_fkAqmz72", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Collecting like terms requires knowing what terms, coefficients, and like terms mean" }, { "topicId": "mt_nNYo5A-7Bl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hi8cVycbwn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must create models before comparing test results of two designs" }, { "topicId": "mt_nNYo5A-7Bl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZFwPZaDJ0_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must gather/record data before analysing data from design tests" }, { "topicId": "mt_NoB20kVa4w", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Kr3IyA6m-O", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prior number-line fraction experience feeds into formal unit-fraction placement" }, { "topicId": "mt_NoB20kVa4w", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ndGqFPWyen", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand unit fractions before placing them on number line" }, { "topicId": "mt_nOCPx5qw0Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dividing in a given ratio requires 'ratio', 'part-to-part', and 'part-to-whole' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_nOCPx5qw0Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ePXg_XyCKU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dividing a quantity in a given ratio is the natural next step from the bar model representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_nOCPx5qw0Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FnUJMXPUZX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dividing quantities in a ratio extends KS2 unequal sharing problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_nOCPx5qw0Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XWSGuFW7It", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dividing in a ratio requires understanding ratio notation and simplification first" }, { "topicId": "mt_NP101Zl-4g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6-MYToNZ39", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Need to understand words before using them" }, { "topicId": "mt_npRaYRhU2V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mkDqmejLMw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising tense shifts is enriched by knowledge of progressive tenses, which are a common source of unintentional shifts" }, { "topicId": "mt_npRaYRhU2V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mpktt3wj1M", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Correcting tense shifts requires understanding tense use" }, { "topicId": "mt_npRaYRhU2V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Of-WsrRQ8B", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Correcting inappropriate tense shifts requires secure use of simple past, present, and future tenses" }, { "topicId": "mt_NPTjGJIyb3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_J6uccv2Bo4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Trophic cascades and overfishing depends on human ocean harm overview" }, { "topicId": "mt_nqM2OW0Qlm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rqLMfiw61L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced friendship skills depends on earlier cooperation concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_nqM2OW0Qlm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z98J_Zg2L3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced friendship skills depends on earlier social skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_nRF_VRntrW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KsKLVW_ssY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know land and water features before learning where water is found on Earth" }, { "topicId": "mt_nRF_VRntrW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding state changes supports knowing water as solid (ice) and liquid" }, { "topicId": "mt_nRksLqt-iR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_REwgr0d_ss", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cross-section visualisation extends KS2 building 3D shapes and making nets" }, { "topicId": "mt_nRksLqt-iR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wUSbRt3-qw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 3D shape properties extend KS2 identifying 3D shapes from 2D representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_NSC3LT_-ch", "prerequisiteId": "mt_y1n0Zwhoca", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting unit squares for area supports extending to counting unit cubes for volume" }, { "topicId": "mt_nTL-owFJTF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_d7XktBQPxm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Volume formula derives from counting-cubes understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_nTL-owFJTF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XLP1IM3Qbb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Computing l×w×h requires multi-digit multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding sentences supports knowing where to place commas" }, { "topicId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic punctuation before learning comma usage" }, { "topicId": "mt_ntxlccnYzB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FZ_ixwU1p1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what a rainforest is before describing sensory experience" }, { "topicId": "mt_nUnowllzaN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NtJYlJdUe9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Systematic scientific measurement builds on understanding measurable attributes from maths" }, { "topicId": "mt_nUnowllzaN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vJO5Bxk4z-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe closely before taking systematic measurements" }, { "topicId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M5PPDJStGm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Skip counting in 2s, 5s, 10s requires fluent rote counting by ones first" }, { "topicId": "mt_NVr4AhsvIq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e29VrLfmYt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding earthquake causes builds on knowing what an earthquake is" }, { "topicId": "mt_nwSWPTENmv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_83gRQ9OPkc", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exploratory five senses in detail complements curriculum body parts and senses topic (GB Y1)" }, { "topicId": "mt_nwSWPTENmv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pJ5zsocdNx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Senses send messages to brain; understanding senses helps understand why brain receives signals" }, { "topicId": "mt_NYA50DFcOO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jwElFY7Syd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rock types benefit from knowing Earth has hot interior (explains melting for igneous)" }, { "topicId": "mt_NYA50DFcOO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R6YoRXkRxS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Volcanic rock types topic parallels curriculum rocks classification" }, { "topicId": "mt_NYA50DFcOO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Igneous rock concept links to lava cooling from volcanoes" }, { "topicId": "mt_NYA50DFcOO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uUa6cgv8zV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rock types build on knowing Earth is made of rock" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyK25mNOeR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7XcCG43ZZW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Explaining part-part-whole decompositions exercises showing and telling" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyK25mNOeR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e8CZ7E5qW7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Explaining how to find number bonds to 10 exercises showing thinking with objects" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyK25mNOeR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Explaining mathematical reasoning orally requires basic listening and responding skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyPMkeHlVJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5PgQB0QkWi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Making predictions supports presenting findings with explanations" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyPMkeHlVJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_91f1XFvGZq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scientific reporting with conclusions builds on writing composition/opinion skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyPMkeHlVJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Producing a well-organised science report depends on the planning and pre-writing strategies developed in English composition" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyPMkeHlVJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hp2qJ-QRBn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Presenting scientific findings with conclusions mirrors the structure of an informative/explanatory text with supporting facts taught in English" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyPMkeHlVJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rDjtmDogJr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must record complex data before presenting findings with causal relationships and trust assessment" }, { "topicId": "mt_nyPMkeHlVJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y6P9y1Rz-u", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reporting causal relationships and a degree of trust in results requires the elaborative-interrogation habit of asking why things are true" }, { "topicId": "mt_NYsz6QgaaE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ChjMU2GDJa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Representing weather data in graphical displays requires the bar chart and time graph skills taught in Math" }, { "topicId": "mt_NYsz6QgaaE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HZvTriQWTh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must record weather observations before organising data in tables and graphs for seasonal patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_NYsz6QgaaE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Weather data graphing builds on maths scaled bar chart skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_NYsz6QgaaE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zCGwH1OQZa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Representing seasonal weather data draws on precipitation and evaporation vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_nYU6x2E2T8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZhvwM6LMBL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reading fluency supports reading aloud own writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_NZHFcEtTyI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sDmrVCfzqt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding imbalanced diet consequences requires knowing what a balanced diet looks like" }, { "topicId": "mt_nZkL5-XjRX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K5jM7vlVhA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding factor pairs requires fluent table knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_nZkL5-XjRX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Lb2ZnMdkYR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using commutativity in factor pairs draws on properties understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_NzNLYDb9CZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-QY08-88rw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding component variations supports interpreting and drawing circuit diagrams" }, { "topicId": "mt_NzNLYDb9CZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFT_GbkP9m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand circuit behaviour before representing circuits with formal symbols" }, { "topicId": "mt_O2dS6gvClw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jq0MjURrRC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y3-4 statutory word list builds on Y1-Y2 exception words spelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_O2dS6gvClw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p_jxNLdus4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Alternative spellings knowledge supports learning statutory words" }, { "topicId": "mt__o3TCmfomv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N1744276Zu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using ancient sources (Cicero, Plutarch) requires evidence evaluation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt__o3TCmfomv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFYFvgrPgD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Republic-to-Empire transition before analysing its causes in depth" }, { "topicId": "mt_o7FJPDsHiW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0sELh0MYWb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "DNA structure depends on Punnett squares and inheritance patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_o7FJPDsHiW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6aJUzBYGNs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Punnett squares and allele inheritance require a firm understanding of genes and chromosomes" }, { "topicId": "mt_O9dH94NFae", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aO018DkCun", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know polar bears live in Arctic (not Antarctic) from the comparison topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_oajUvqAiBJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jvJ35MmCvK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Robot knowledge provides concrete comparison point for human vs machine" }, { "topicId": "mt_oajUvqAiBJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K6qtan847r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand how machines learn before meaningfully comparing human vs machine capabilities" }, { "topicId": "mt_oAK9GXSfqV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBfj79OqXz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Same motor skills for digit formation" }, { "topicId": "mt_obF-6VYRya", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Hw70LI5xza", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Being willing to revise a hypothesis requires first distinguishing observation from interpretation — you can only update your interpretation if you recognise it as separate from the data" }, { "topicId": "mt_obF-6VYRya", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Changing your mind when evidence contradicts your prediction is the science form of the universal error-analysis habit — treating surprises as information rather than failures" }, { "topicId": "mt_oB-L8EVdIP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1LFVPjdGg-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rainforest food webs enrich curriculum food chains topic (exploratory age 7 -> curriculum age 8)" }, { "topicId": "mt_oB-L8EVdIP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E1wR8IfCV6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Nutrition knowledge supports understanding why animals occupy different trophic levels" }, { "topicId": "mt_oB-L8EVdIP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EygMHKs8Ed", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand simple food chains before constructing complex ones with producer/predator/prey terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_oB-L8EVdIP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M7XhBBzYof", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing and interpreting food chains requires producer, consumer, predator, prey vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_oB-L8EVdIP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OnV_DTp5i8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean food webs build on curriculum food chains with trophic levels" }, { "topicId": "mt_oDlduFnemk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QysgF57dxh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coordinate system builds on understanding perpendicular lines" }, { "topicId": "mt_oDU_8zMZjp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mental add/sub of ones to three-digit numbers requires knowing place value" }, { "topicId": "mt_oDU_8zMZjp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fluent within-100 skills support mental three-digit + ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_of2GggtxFl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1KCwbGvm1F", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Need to understand words in print" }, { "topicId": "mt_of2GggtxFl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand sentences before spacing words" }, { "topicId": "mt_ofOGCQ7FWj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kH1DzOPsXG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand data before learning how computers find patterns in it" }, { "topicId": "mt_Of-WsrRQ8B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_enj1sMcfOT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Simple tenses including future extend past/present tense and progressive form knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_OgJPbGkrYk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9-OHslmt1g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know consonant digraphs before learning alternative consonant GPCs" }, { "topicId": "mt_OgJPbGkrYk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BtMbZibZUj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know common vowel digraphs before learning alternative representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_OgJPbGkrYk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F978c32kDr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know single letter sounds before learning alternatives" }, { "topicId": "mt_OgJPbGkrYk", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Alternative GPCs build on basic blending ability" }, { "topicId": "mt_oH1XC8aQYn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dpM1l5IOk6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand dinosaurs existed before learning about their global distribution" }, { "topicId": "mt_oH1XC8aQYn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uQljqc0J5j", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding that different dinosaurs lived on different continents is enriched by the prior knowledge that different dinosaurs lived in different time periods — both are dimensions of dinosaur geographic/temporal distribution" }, { "topicId": "mt_ohUnzoI_nx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FuVEZ1Ac9s", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evidence for evolution supports the theory of evolution by natural selection — the mechanism to be evidenced should be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_OiDHqtLoln", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2DBPJ38iWl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding kingship helps grasp the succession crisis of 1066" }, { "topicId": "mt_OiDHqtLoln", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6XnezHOcM3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Viking-Saxon struggle and Edward the Confessor before studying 1066" }, { "topicId": "mt_OiDHqtLoln", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9REmUc8r4D", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: understanding historical evidence (Historical Thinking) enriches use of Bayeux Tapestry as source" }, { "topicId": "mt_oiqsIP97V3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XlyF294bPR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing about space and planets provides context for understanding astronauts" }, { "topicId": "mt_oIzycTBeE4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8RmpkDxT9L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Deep understanding of = requires already being able to read and write number sentences" }, { "topicId": "mt_OJVkWvIaM_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wRlf0g2MbB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noticing similarities and differences among people draws on vocabulary of community, fair, and care" }, { "topicId": "mt_OkSJfrmFb_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting in tens from any number builds on skip counting in tens from 0" }, { "topicId": "mt_OkSJfrmFb_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting in tens from non-multiples requires understanding that adding 10 changes the tens digit" }, { "topicId": "mt_okUMpHsV-P", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qzbgwaUQOA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced neuroscience covering synapse function and neurotransmission depends on nervous system basics" }, { "topicId": "mt_oL9s_bufDp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sorting and categorising objects uses the same counting/cardinality skills from maths" }, { "topicId": "mt_olFzbawexJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Climate science methodology depends on climate change basics" }, { "topicId": "mt_OlhMP7ShFT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1KCwbGvm1F", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Print concepts support illustration-text relationship" }, { "topicId": "mt_oLHXfLujmh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Animal homes builds on knowing animals live everywhere" }, { "topicId": "mt_oLjz18CxDg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_33RrpbceZE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining orbital motion as gravity-driven centripetal force requires knowing what is in orbit (planets, moons) from the solar system topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_oLjz18CxDg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sUVeVXzRuq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Universal gravity and orbital mechanics build directly on mass vs weight and the concept that gravitational field strength varies between planets" }, { "topicId": "mt_OltpfaX7l6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XeMZdf2Y9W", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing own POV from author's extends identifying author's reasons/supporting points" }, { "topicId": "mt_OLwNsTI6C7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h3vmvQW5Wa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Academic vocabulary deployment extends KS2 formal vs informal vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_OLwNsTI6C7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WZnwITSWr8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Acquiring new vocabulary requires word-solving strategies to learn words independently" }, { "topicId": "mt_OMmiuv9ZLH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SdIWVjzopp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Naming specific bones builds on knowing the body has a skeleton that supports and protects" }, { "topicId": "mt_on7FHCDmi-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iodbOOmEQs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating speaker builds on identifying speaker's evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_-OndzpVsrv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q-1a86ydgU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Relative motion requires first being able to calculate and describe speed — without that foundation, comparing speeds of different observers is abstract" }, { "topicId": "mt_OnV_DTp5i8", "prerequisiteId": "mt__aHSZTm5k5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Food webs benefit from knowing animal classification groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_OnV_DTp5i8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_l6OpmOKMuT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Food webs extend simple food chains to interconnected networks" }, { "topicId": "mt_oNWXXAn3cn", "prerequisiteId": "mt__7hXSTbu9s", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Counting legs and observing movement prepares for formal body plan study" }, { "topicId": "mt_oNWXXAn3cn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yR1moI5kX1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise common minibeasts before studying insect anatomy in detail" }, { "topicId": "mt_o_p-3tCxiM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_09sySPqM9Z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fraction as sum of unit fractions supports understanding improper fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_o_p-3tCxiM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AYzE1EAvI0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding whole numbers as fractions supports mixed↔improper conversion" }, { "topicId": "mt_o_p-3tCxiM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vKcxX6iNOA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Converting between mixed numbers and improper fractions requires both terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_oqvJJKCJXw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HFN1pGASpZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced empathy skills depends on earlier perspective-taking" }, { "topicId": "mt_oqvJJKCJXw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mDp-1vlL3R", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced empathy depends on earlier empathy foundations" }, { "topicId": "mt_oqziWKry-L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4V6hvcuEJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Angle sum rules (360° at a point, 180° on a line) are applied through reading angle diagrams with correct notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_oqziWKry-L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qUGMyMYn9m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Angle facts (at a point = 360°) require degree system knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_oR6dwRj2Ll", "prerequisiteId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding survival needs supports understanding growth and development" }, { "topicId": "mt_oR6dwRj2Ll", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-vsLvsxp0L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Animal babies topic enriched by curriculum coverage of offspring and life stages" }, { "topicId": "mt_oR6dwRj2Ll", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zVLOm6U7bh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know animal groups before learning about offspring and life stages" }, { "topicId": "mt_Oru08pKlxd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4i-FKXDDXh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know light sources before understanding shadow patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_Oru08pKlxd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p6frRFuxS6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand opaque materials block light before understanding shadow formation" }, { "topicId": "mt_Oru08pKlxd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YPSx5pbpVl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining shadow formation requires 'opaque' and 'light source' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_OSfCeIeBak", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4IVWRAZoNC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand general life cycles before detailing human developmental stages" }, { "topicId": "mt_OSfCeIeBak", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K8DJzqbksM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing stages of the human life cycle draws on organ system vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_ot9rcUwBtK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_D4lyx0iYyB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Physiological mechanisms of extreme environment survival depends on polar animal adaptations" }, { "topicId": "mt_ot9rcUwBtK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H8OgKZbgGe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Deep-sea extreme environment survival depends on symbiosis and mutualistic relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_OtShuvs3x8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_x5ZrQMAZ5v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know rainforest plants before classifying them" }, { "topicId": "mt_OtShuvs3x8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xVW5U41tbp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know rainforest animals before classifying them into groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_O_UOTiMvT_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating whether a maths solution is reasonable applies the universal comprehension-monitoring habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_O_UOTiMvT_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m1W6nTQJ2b", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing strategies for adding within 20 requires planning and evaluating approaches" }, { "topicId": "mt_O_UOTiMvT_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QR3vxbN1o4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Planning a mathematical approach is the domain-specific application of the universal task-planning habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_O_UOTiMvT_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VAWV_l7J0D", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Planning approaches to word problems within 20 exercises this skill" }, { "topicId": "mt_O_UOTiMvT_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WkKkb7W9Qd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 6-7 problem-solving builds directly on age 5-6 problem-sense-making" }, { "topicId": "mt_OUv-QXmW7_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kLQOzZYrd5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interpreting distance–time graphs requires understanding compound units such as metres per second or km/h" }, { "topicId": "mt_oVwNnjYPUY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ujwtRoYJ34", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Informational text structure (chronology, cause/effect, problem/solution) builds on text structure terminology knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_oVwNnjYPUY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w4wKFP3jud", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding how text structure conveys information builds on prior work identifying connections between ideas in informational text" }, { "topicId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding addition as combining groups requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)" }, { "topicId": "mt_OyOYHlZ2_T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8dstvf-KKb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Re-reading own writing to check it makes sense is the writing-domain form of the universal self-checking habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_OyOYHlZ2_T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noticing when your own writing doesn't make sense requires the universal comprehension-monitoring habit applied to one's own text" }, { "topicId": "mt_OyOYHlZ2_T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Need writing to revise" }, { "topicId": "mt_OyOYHlZ2_T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Re-reading and responding to feedback is more effective when pupils know terms like 'revise', 'edit', and 'meaning'" }, { "topicId": "mt_OyOYHlZ2_T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_U_8iVFZuHH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Re-reading your own writing to check it makes sense and has the intended effect is the practical application of the writing self-evaluation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_Oz8yNPNtub", "prerequisiteId": "mt_07Geg7LITa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Camouflage study motivates deeper look at structures that enable survival" }, { "topicId": "mt_Oz8yNPNtub", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oNWXXAn3cn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic insect body plan before studying detailed anatomy" }, { "topicId": "mt_OzRZ89GrQW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4x3l2JeLI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Estimating lengths requires experience with standard units from measuring" }, { "topicId": "mt_P0HBNfp46z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8UL1opbJEt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Daily life context benefits from knowing Egypt is on the Nile in a desert" }, { "topicId": "mt_p1imGSFgJT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aw0PldeT_L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Morphological awareness supports word family exploration" }, { "topicId": "mt_p1imGSFgJT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UEe3MC5RZc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word families build on Y2 root words and inflections" }, { "topicId": "mt_-P1kdZhHbL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NtJYlJdUe9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing mass/weight requires first identifying mass as a measurable attribute" }, { "topicId": "mt_p3tZiUaWAa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tHtjfjjFrl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Converting word class via suffixes (-ate, -ise, -ify) requires secure suffix knowledge from the Y3-4 suffix programme" }, { "topicId": "mt_p3tZiUaWAa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Converting nouns and adjectives into verbs requires confident understanding of what nouns and verbs are as word classes" }, { "topicId": "mt__p5n8z5soJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XbGfVhfiUz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know computers exist before understanding they follow exact instructions" }, { "topicId": "mt_p6frRFuxS6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4i-FKXDDXh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand light sources illuminate objects before testing how materials interact with light" }, { "topicId": "mt_p6frRFuxS6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_auVZZEuXjs", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Material properties knowledge (transparent/opaque) supports light investigation" }, { "topicId": "mt_p6frRFuxS6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YPSx5pbpVl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Investigating transparent, translucent, and opaque materials requires those three terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_p6MhZJYYPN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zks8xyInSG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know metric units before approximating imperial equivalences" }, { "topicId": "mt_p-8Hlf6_9k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dlm3NspUyy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced emotion regulation skills depends on earlier self-regulation concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_p-8Hlf6_9k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gf4RUcACLg", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced emotion regulation depends on foundational advanced emotional literacy skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_p-8Hlf6_9k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nIl1kKZHsk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced emotion regulation depends on earlier coping strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_pAcaehday5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Representing numbers with objects/pictures/number line requires understanding that numbers represent quantities" }, { "topicId": "mt_Pau0aqLNgp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ydtcIBwHB9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know sound travels through media before understanding it fades with distance" }, { "topicId": "mt_pAuo9Op89t", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i1kk9HDctI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The growth mindset concept requires understanding the vocabulary pair 'growth mindset' vs 'fixed mindset'" }, { "topicId": "mt_pAuo9Op89t", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UGf6jICEhs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Growth mindset builds on understanding mistakes as learning opportunities" }, { "topicId": "mt_pAuo9Op89t", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WkKkb7W9Qd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Growth mindset understanding (SEL) is grounded in the concrete experience of persevering through mathematical problems — the abstract principle is made real through mathematics" }, { "topicId": "mt_pbuhUQJjtt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cPZwlUk8Nd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using £ and p symbols extends Y1 recognition of coin values" }, { "topicId": "mt_PCX1jZZnf9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B1ATUEVNPz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pharaoh as god-king builds on knowing named gods and their roles" }, { "topicId": "mt_PCX1jZZnf9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bEvMBUv4eG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "God-king and Ma'at builds on social pyramid hierarchy" }, { "topicId": "mt_PdYlsA33jB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_f8n4txtLej", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asking for help benefits from curriculum questioning skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_PdYlsA33jB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NS5t-Jzlh8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asking for help and working with others uses the vocabulary of team and cooperation" }, { "topicId": "mt_PdYlsA33jB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YbX3LD0Eca", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asking for help benefits from knowing how to communicate with others" }, { "topicId": "mt_PetJM-AYz9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ujwtRoYJ34", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining text structure builds on structural terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_PgsHGYJMH-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Representing addition with objects/drawings requires understanding what addition means" }, { "topicId": "mt_PgsHGYJMH-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Representing subtraction with objects/drawings requires understanding what subtraction means" }, { "topicId": "mt_ph4xZVMiVq", "prerequisiteId": "mt__00ZSLnB7p", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Volume-vibration strength pattern supports understanding amplitude" }, { "topicId": "mt_ph4xZVMiVq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SFOSbVnrJ8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Developing a wave model using amplitude and wavelength requires this technical vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_ph4xZVMiVq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ydtcIBwHB9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand sound travels through media before modelling wave properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_PhIZNl2230", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H1pAi4F_Oh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Hero myths reference the gods (Heracles is Zeus's son, Athena helps Perseus)" }, { "topicId": "mt_phpn6KhCAv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qzbh-_v0Gq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: budgeting pocket money (Money & Finance) provides planning foundation" }, { "topicId": "mt_phpn6KhCAv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RTwmvr9R7V", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have a business idea before making a plan for it" }, { "topicId": "mt_PifbJOuXrG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-2VNlwAR5z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The law of reflection is described and verified using ray diagrams for reflection" }, { "topicId": "mt_PifbJOuXrG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gLy3ZgZWiN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Earlier work on light reflecting from surfaces provides the experiential grounding for formal reflection laws" }, { "topicId": "mt_PifbJOuXrG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qZro923zvz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reflection and refraction build directly on understanding that light travels in straight lines and casts shadows" }, { "topicId": "mt_PifbJOuXrG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SFOSbVnrJ8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Applying the law of reflection and refraction requires both 'angle of incidence/reflection' and 'refraction' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_pis4novXWQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating and editing for consistency requires vocabulary of 'coherence', 'cohesion', 'register', and 'style'" }, { "topicId": "mt_pis4novXWQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HWYAspz-LK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating and editing writing with teacher/peer support is enriched when the child can already independently notice where meaning is unclear — the self-critical reading skill makes the evaluation process more productive" }, { "topicId": "mt_pis4novXWQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_I65kFjWwnF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating writing effectiveness and proposing changes builds on basic proofreading and revision" }, { "topicId": "mt_pitjUcaAdy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_doVAdMqfJg", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Castle architecture provides comparison to cathedral architecture" }, { "topicId": "mt_pitjUcaAdy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LuwHnQItF_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand the Church's role to appreciate that medieval art and architecture were primarily religious" }, { "topicId": "mt_pitjUcaAdy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lzCcQzPJZi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: Roman architecture (arches, domes) provides contrast with Gothic architecture (pointed arches, flying buttresses)" }, { "topicId": "mt_PiWZA8Z0ZJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K0mZxY2AM8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum daylight/seasons observation supports exploratory Sun/Moon/stars identification" }, { "topicId": "mt_pjfmCMMPjO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Place-value knowledge supports mental strategies like 40 × 6" }, { "topicId": "mt_pjfmCMMPjO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K5jM7vlVhA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mental multiplication requires known table facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_p_jxNLdus4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to encode CVC words before learning alternative spellings" }, { "topicId": "mt_p_jxNLdus4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EqXlZfB4jp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Alternative grapheme choices for phonemes requires knowing 'grapheme', 'phoneme', 'homophone', and 'GPC'" }, { "topicId": "mt_p_jxNLdus4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F978c32kDr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic letter-sound correspondences before alternative spellings" }, { "topicId": "mt_p_jxNLdus4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OgJPbGkrYk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowledge of alternative GPCs for reading supports choosing correct spellings" }, { "topicId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4A7FYmvVhA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Oral description supports oral rehearsal" }, { "topicId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need to understand sentences for oral rehearsal" }, { "topicId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Oral composition requires vocabulary like 'compose', 'sentence', and 'sequence' to participate meaningfully in the exercise" }, { "topicId": "mt_PL9VkDwXfh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_b7T-CjOYUR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing fractions requires ability to find common denominators via simplification" }, { "topicId": "mt_PL9VkDwXfh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SXbZ3bC9z7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing fractions >1 extends Y5 fraction comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1JFUNQDwAJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing and measuring changes of state requires solid/liquid/gas vocabulary and the term 'change of state'" }, { "topicId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_htAYR-iCFF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Observing and describing change of state requires reading particle diagrams showing how arrangement changes on heating or cooling" }, { "topicId": "mt__pMF-Xb0TE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e29VrLfmYt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Earthquake safety benefits from knowing what an earthquake is" }, { "topicId": "mt_p-nbe0w_lf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AR-K72OIIO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 M×D problem-solving is prerequisite to multi-step four-operation problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_p-nbe0w_lf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MCu_SNg_OW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have formal division method before solving multi-step problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_p-nbe0w_lf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q9EaJc2FP8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have formal multiplication method before solving multi-step problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_PNSyfH56eQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating percentages requires fraction-decimal-percentage equivalence" }, { "topicId": "mt_PNSyfH56eQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ePXg_XyCKU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Percentage-of-amount problems can be set up as bar models showing 100% divided into parts" }, { "topicId": "mt_PNSyfH56eQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ESgc4YBw-a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating percentages of amounts requires 'percentage', 'proportion', and 'out of' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_PNSyfH56eQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SoDP1fSQEB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Finding percentages often involves decimal multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_pOstrrS763", "prerequisiteId": "mt_phpn6KhCAv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Having a plan makes it easier to divide work among a team" }, { "topicId": "mt_ppENoD8vf1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand habitats before identifying specific organisms in habitats and microhabitats" }, { "topicId": "mt_ppENoD8vf1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Fw0bbM1e_g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Naming plants and animals in habitats and microhabitats requires those terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_ppENoD8vf1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w2u9bXP9n7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rock pools are a microhabitat; benefits from curriculum naming plants/animals in habitats" }, { "topicId": "mt_ppENoD8vf1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xVW5U41tbp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing rainforest animals enriches identifying plants and animals in habitats (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)" }, { "topicId": "mt_ppENoD8vf1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zir5yyAzUB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding where minibeasts live enriches curriculum plants-and-animals-in-habitats" }, { "topicId": "mt_pPGaf8bR8r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_38d-k-dJPa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The Amazon as a specific example grounds the abstract concept of biodiversity hotspots" }, { "topicId": "mt_pPGaf8bR8r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OtShuvs3x8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding classification helps appreciate the scale of biodiversity" }, { "topicId": "mt_PPNDO7BUrY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k2WE0-22-4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus works extensively with unit fractions; prior knowledge of unit fractions makes its mathematical significance tangible" }, { "topicId": "mt_PPNDO7BUrY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kgTN6yk4oE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced Egyptian state organisation and labour administration depends on pyramid building and engineering knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_PpWSHA-0kv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting on as an addition strategy requires understanding addition" }, { "topicId": "mt_PpWSHA-0kv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sYpKWbq5ra", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting on/back relies on understanding that each successive number is one more/less" }, { "topicId": "mt_PpWSHA-0kv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting back as a subtraction strategy requires understanding subtraction" }, { "topicId": "mt_Psun-u_lPf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nUnowllzaN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must take measurements before increasing accuracy/precision with repeat readings" }, { "topicId": "mt_PsylzZ9lHW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Gag_h98jWP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extending place value to any size builds directly on Y6 reading/writing/ordering numbers to 10,000,000" }, { "topicId": "mt_PThM5P7Umd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oN7fI4d_kU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Castle knowledge provides contrast with village life" }, { "topicId": "mt_pTz6u49fQt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bj1YCgNWUx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Placing ancient Egypt on a chronological timeline requires vocabulary for dates and time periods (BCE/CE, era, century)" }, { "topicId": "mt_pTz6u49fQt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_C3eNLQJlgt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Placing ancient Egypt in chronological context requires timeline reading and construction skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_pTz6u49fQt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E7avIa-tcE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "3000-year timeline builds on knowing pharaohs like Tutankhamun as anchors" }, { "topicId": "mt_pu2mmK27UA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cxJRc15osy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding life stages builds on knowing the body needs food, water, sleep and exercise to grow" }, { "topicId": "mt_pu2mmK27UA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OSfCeIeBak", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exploratory human development complements curriculum human life stages topic (GB Y5)" }, { "topicId": "mt_pu2mmK27UA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QhLAeAlHI0", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding puberty changes connects to knowing about food groups and balanced diet for growth" }, { "topicId": "mt_PvU3eoikev", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4GiE83rJF_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rhyme awareness supports finer phoneme skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_PvU3eoikev", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UvNrOXny1i", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Syllable awareness builds toward phoneme level" }, { "topicId": "mt_pwo81ls_J-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Camouflage builds on awareness that animals live in different environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_pwo81ls_J-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V_wIdRZLsG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Camouflage and nocturnal behaviour are related survival strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_pWwV_8OgXD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_50SdpkNH49", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Conservation in action parallels ocean conservation, mutual enrichment" }, { "topicId": "mt_pWwV_8OgXD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5S4byWDX6n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Conservation requires understanding why species become endangered" }, { "topicId": "mt_pWwV_8OgXD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CBxOcjh69x", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Managing invasive species is a conservation strategy" }, { "topicId": "mt_pWwV_8OgXD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NDZYiLvApW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Conservation aims to protect biodiversity" }, { "topicId": "mt_-p_xp4hMvh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B3W5EfimJw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand forces change motion before comparing movement on different surfaces" }, { "topicId": "mt_-p_xp4hMvh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GBY8enpzO0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing how things move on different surfaces requires friction vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_pyMD_SIiYO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4A7FYmvVhA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: constructing and following multi-step mathematical arguments requires the ability to express thoughts and give well-structured explanations orally" }, { "topicId": "mt_pyMD_SIiYO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Constructing multi-step mathematical arguments and identifying errors in reasoning is the maths form of the universal self-explanation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_pyMD_SIiYO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kJ5wYzO8qC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 arguing/justifying builds on age 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_pyMD_SIiYO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SrrsLiJkr3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Explaining columnar methods exercises identifying and justifying steps" }, { "topicId": "mt_pyMD_SIiYO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zxST3MarI9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Explaining why strategies work exercises constructing arguments" }, { "topicId": "mt_PYPs2yD2sn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3-ii06P4YS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know plants get materials from air/water (photosynthesis) before tracing sun energy through food" }, { "topicId": "mt_PYPs2yD2sn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E1wR8IfCV6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand nutrition and food before tracing energy from sun through food chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_PZ909yPrEC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Skip counting supports understanding equal groups (2s, 5s, 10s)" }, { "topicId": "mt_PZ909yPrEC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiplication as repeated addition requires understanding addition as combining groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_q15w--Fb5H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5l7iGkf1Tp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Earth orbits the sun before explaining rotation causes day/night" }, { "topicId": "mt_q15w--Fb5H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K0mZxY2AM8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe daylight patterns before explaining them with Earth's rotation" }, { "topicId": "mt_q15w--Fb5H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LQt4vnKeB4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining day and night using Earth's rotation requires 'rotation' and 'axis' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_q15w--Fb5H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w2xiMNkyyX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enrichment knowledge of Earth's rotation and orbit supports formal explanation of day/night cycle" }, { "topicId": "mt_q-1a86ydgU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kLQOzZYrd5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Calculating speed as distance ÷ time applies compound-unit thinking from Math" }, { "topicId": "mt_q-1a86ydgU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OUv-QXmW7_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating speed and representing journeys on distance-time graphs requires being able to plot and read these graphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_Q2Eud_PPz6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-mw3JeIjhU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Title formatting relates to quotation mark use" }, { "topicId": "mt_Q2k3fSwyzQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3WMADSy0mA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand forces and their effects before learning how mechanisms multiply forces" }, { "topicId": "mt_Q2k3fSwyzQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AvrQauS_zX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Gravity context helps understand why we need mechanisms to lift heavy things" }, { "topicId": "mt_Q2k3fSwyzQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_F3ATPTCYm6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding levers, pulleys, and gears requires moment, lever, and fulcrum vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_q3vRl4dddK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uTKgmWqSoI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Safety awareness draws on vocabulary of 'safe', 'trusted adult', and 'choice'" }, { "topicId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_95zxYqpP7m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating a strategy requires having deliberately chosen and tried different strategies — you need the switching habit first" }, { "topicId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_O_UOTiMvT_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The LtL strategy evaluation skill (9-10) builds on the early scaffolded habit of checking reasonableness in maths introduced at 6-7" }, { "topicId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RKeheOL9uo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The LtL strategy evaluation skill (9-10) builds on the maths-specific checking habit developed with teacher support at 7-8" }, { "topicId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating whether a strategy helped requires being able to analyse what went wrong when it didn't" }, { "topicId": "mt_q9EaJc2FP8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_18fK9sQdIz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "2/3-digit × 1-digit written method is prerequisite to 4-digit × 1-digit and 2-digit × 2-digit" }, { "topicId": "mt_q9EaJc2FP8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AQo4u7O4sM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Area models for distributive property support understanding long multiplication layout" }, { "topicId": "mt_QaYfeVL-0C", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ehGS_uVSJv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using inverse to check answers requires understanding the inverse relationship" }, { "topicId": "mt_QaYfeVL-0C", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ewmuMMPAzP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Estimating and checking applies to three-digit calculations" }, { "topicId": "mt_QB4qIGJIIj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_32B7xjUPwF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising how authorial choices create effects requires connecting your reading experience to existing knowledge of how language and texts work" }, { "topicId": "mt_QB4qIGJIIj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GugVunb2lI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising authorial effects requires reading for meaning rather than just decoding — you can only notice the effect of a word choice if you are genuinely engaging with meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_QCgbiVrwnp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding commutativity of addition requires understanding addition" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qcsl1Z1x0l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_curkA82CmO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Research and source integration extends KS2 precis of longer passages" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qcsl1Z1x0l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dRLP8g0SAg", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The advanced research skill of summarising from multiple sources while assessing credibility and avoiding plagiarism requires the prior ability to gather and take organised notes from print and digital sources" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qcsl1Z1x0l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sdmm_m60qX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Summarising and organising material from multiple sources, including assessing credibility and integrating evidence, builds on the prior skill of drawing evidence specifically from literary texts and applying reading standards to literature" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qcsl1Z1x0l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zCUIJLdK_s", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Research writing feeds into informative/explanatory writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_QCWWmDMYZR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aFvsj35QzC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multi-paragraph main idea analysis builds on identifying main topic and key details in simpler texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_QdMMLRYWhn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must spell root words before adding suffixes" }, { "topicId": "mt_QdMMLRYWhn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EqXlZfB4jp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Spelling with suffixes requires knowing 'suffix', 'root word', and understanding how suffixes attach" }, { "topicId": "mt_QDTO3GAgcq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_89riIKwGYp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding missing angles extends Y5 additive angle reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_QDTO3GAgcq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4V6hvcuEJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Angles at a point, on a straight line, and vertically opposite are identified through reading standard diagram notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_QDTO3GAgcq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oqziWKry-L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Point/straight-line/vertically-opposite angle rules build on Y5 angle-sum knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_QepALf3bin", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cq711F7ruL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding ethical selling extends to social enterprise values" }, { "topicId": "mt_QepALf3bin", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RTwmvr9R7V", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand business ideas before applying them to social problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand sentences before punctuating them" }, { "topicId": "mt_qgb76wHN2X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wa44s-f8Ws", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must do simple tests before setting up formal fair tests with controlled variables" }, { "topicId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FX4a2Q8XXN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Many equations require expanding brackets before solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i9rJbuFO3p", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving linear equations extends KS2 missing-number problem work" }, { "topicId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vHzVa3SURC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving equations requires substitution skill to check answers" }, { "topicId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VUQNveSYjQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving linear equations by rearrangement requires applying inverse operations to isolate an unknown" }, { "topicId": "mt_QH-Fs97twT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yR1moI5kX1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know common minibeasts before placing them in food chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_QHKqckBdAk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dpM1l5IOk6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand extinction concept before learning about the K-Pg extinction event" }, { "topicId": "mt_QHKqckBdAk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uQljqc0J5j", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Cretaceous period before understanding the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary" }, { "topicId": "mt_QhLAeAlHI0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cxJRc15osy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Learning food groups builds on knowing the body needs food for energy and health" }, { "topicId": "mt_QhLAeAlHI0", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E1wR8IfCV6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exploratory food groups complements curriculum nutrition topic (GB Y3)" }, { "topicId": "mt_qixeaiswFP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_L1469gt34A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand what organisms need before explaining how they change environments to meet those needs" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qkewo5M3_c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ahSqW_kK1b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying the role of evaporation and condensation requires knowing these process terms precisely" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qkewo5M3_c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Water cycle connects to curriculum evaporation/condensation topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qkewo5M3_c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand state changes before learning about evaporation/condensation in water cycle" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qkl46lyris", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7hB8s5eOP1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The skeleton is an organ system — understanding this level of organisation gives context" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qkl46lyris", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g4YSiOCS8g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 skeleton detail (blood cell production, biomechanics) extends KS2 skeleton and muscles introduction" }, { "topicId": "mt_QKRYLwaOU8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AN2kJE6I0s", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The reactions of acids with metals and bases require first understanding what acids and alkalis are" }, { "topicId": "mt_QKRYLwaOU8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v0K6GRi4ZL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Acid reactions are specific examples of chemical reaction types (neutralisation, displacement)" }, { "topicId": "mt_QK-ZZb7UUN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g_M4Vh_pK7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "System interaction requires detailed knowledge of the circulatory system" }, { "topicId": "mt_QK-ZZb7UUN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zPDDJLAl-J", "strength": "hard", "reason": "System interaction requires detailed knowledge of the respiratory system" }, { "topicId": "mt__qlBYNP62H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kgTN6yk4oE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Art conventions and architectural evolution builds on pyramid construction knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt__qlBYNP62H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yNGrY9xJ8Y", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Art conventions builds on understanding tomb paintings as evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_QNxFnxikCN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2VR963szuk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Experience building/modelling shapes supports composing 3-D shapes" }, { "topicId": "mt_QNxFnxikCN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qcp2d_kuta", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need to recognise 3-D shapes before composing them" }, { "topicId": "mt_QpmVikVaqY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_70Ys4i1AB1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using hyphens in compound modifiers builds on understanding how two component words can combine to create a single compound word" }, { "topicId": "mt_QpmVikVaqY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cU3LcEVkBQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Hyphens in compound modifiers builds on expanded noun phrases" }, { "topicId": "mt_QqG6IdmTSE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Four-digit place value is prerequisite to understanding ×10 relationship between places" }, { "topicId": "mt_QR3vxbN1o4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8dstvf-KKb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Planning before a task grows from the habit of checking back after finishing — both are self-regulatory bookends" }, { "topicId": "mt_QrVF5n7vci", "prerequisiteId": "mt_obF-6VYRya", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Actively seeking alternative explanations requires first having the habit of not defending your original interpretation against the evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_QrVF5n7vci", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y6P9y1Rz-u", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asking 'is there another explanation?' is the scientific form of the universal elaborative-interrogation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_QtIAWOcoQT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jwElFY7Syd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Magma chamber concept requires knowing Earth has hot interior layers" }, { "topicId": "mt_QtIAWOcoQT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Internal volcano structure builds on basic volcano knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_QU5R7Aajy9", "prerequisiteId": "mt__casygEB85", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rounding to specified accuracy requires general rounding skill" }, { "topicId": "mt_QU5R7Aajy9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ilPrU0cbtT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Context-appropriate accuracy connects to estimation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_QU5R7Aajy9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lU-2aTRB9f", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rounding answers requires having answers to round (from division)" }, { "topicId": "mt_qUGMyMYn9m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3S10OOGPqu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Degree measurement system requires understanding what an angle is" }, { "topicId": "mt_qw6mhOl-Qy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_T6nrrf2K43", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Verb prefixes (dis-, de-, mis-, over-, re-) build on general prefix knowledge from Y3-4; learners must understand how prefixes modify root words before applying this specifically to verbs" }, { "topicId": "mt_QwWo6an9N1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_edaoZRkK6M", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding large igneous provinces and geological-scale eruptions depends on probabilistic hazard assessment frameworks" }, { "topicId": "mt_QwWo6an9N1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z7AJZapsJj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Large igneous provinces and geological time depends on rock cycle context" }, { "topicId": "mt_QxsoqVUt6u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ag9NSWJu-X", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Working effectively in groups draws on vocabulary like 'cooperate', 'compromise', and 'conflict'" }, { "topicId": "mt_QxsoqVUt6u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FwI7q7DSIx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Effective group work builds on turn-taking and sharing" }, { "topicId": "mt_QxsoqVUt6u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Effective small-group collaboration requires the foundational listening skill of attending to others and following discussion rules developed in Speaking & Listening" }, { "topicId": "mt_QxsoqVUt6u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wwdRhPyz6s", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Group work benefits from collaborative conversation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_QxsoqVUt6u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YbX3LD0Eca", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Group work builds on listening skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cB7hV8sw7X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing extended arguments with acknowledged counterclaims and formal style requires the prior ability to produce coherent, organised writing appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gMSFymQlrW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Writing arguments benefits from reading skill of evaluating arguments and claims" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IX37F4rNed", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Supporting claims with evidence extends KS2 providing reasoned justifications" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "prerequisiteId": "mt_s6-6FYb5UQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Argument writing benefits from conscious application of rhetorical and literary devices drawn from reading — the student who can use tricolon or contrast intentionally will write more persuasive arguments" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tn1rY9GbEZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing arguments with logically organised reasons, acknowledged counterclaims, and a formal concluding statement requires command of varied transitions, cohesive devices, and paragraph-linking strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Argument writing extends KS2 identifying audience and purpose" }, { "topicId": "mt_-QY08-88rw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NzCNuABT3E", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing circuit component function requires component vocabulary: bulb, buzzer, switch, resistance" }, { "topicId": "mt_-QY08-88rw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFT_GbkP9m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand voltage-brightness relationship before comparing component variations" }, { "topicId": "mt_QysgF57dxh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h0CVtqI2xo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 acute/obtuse angle identification is prerequisite to drawing and labelling angle types" }, { "topicId": "mt_QysgF57dxh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u23IGDxOpk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y3 horizontal/vertical/perpendicular/parallel lines is prerequisite to drawing and identifying them formally" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzbgwaUQOA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-gkJdxJUQT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding central/peripheral nervous system builds on knowing how eye sends signals via optic nerve" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzbgwaUQOA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IzlVK0Eony", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exploratory nervous system detail complements curriculum senses/brain/response topic (US G4)" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzbgwaUQOA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pJ5zsocdNx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Detailed nervous system builds on knowing the brain is the body's control centre" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qzbh-_v0Gq", "prerequisiteId": "mt__ab4knIaSL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand needs vs wants to make budget trade-offs" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qzbh-_v0Gq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RNRymbz5SO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Buying experience helps with realistic budgeting" }, { "topicId": "mt_Qzbh-_v0Gq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zrCyqhngYm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand saving concept before budgeting a fixed amount" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzGADV-NGe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6w2g7aoPgz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Prior work on how light reflects into the eye provides context for understanding colour perception" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzGADV-NGe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PifbJOuXrG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Dispersion of white light into a spectrum relies on understanding refraction (light bending at a boundary)" }, { "topicId": "mt_qZro923zvz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6w2g7aoPgz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand reflection-to-eye model before using straight-line light to explain how we see" }, { "topicId": "mt_qZro923zvz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Oru08pKlxd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand shadows before formalising that light travels in straight lines to explain shadows" }, { "topicId": "mt_qZro923zvz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SFOSbVnrJ8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining shadows and sight using straight-line light travel requires reflection/absorption vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzwQAOfurw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cU3LcEVkBQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Must understand noun phrases to use the term" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzwQAOfurw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mKAZTqItRG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Must understand apostrophes to use the term" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzwQAOfurw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Must understand commas to use the term" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzwQAOfurw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TfOiog-ALs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y2 terminology builds on Y1 terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_qzwQAOfurw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u1-UfD0rTH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Must understand sentence types to use terms statement/question/exclamation/command" }, { "topicId": "mt_r0VXbfAmsH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xmmgAzxe5j", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding 10 as a bundle builds on understanding teen numbers as 'a ten and some ones'" }, { "topicId": "mt_r1hw-KenpK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qzbh-_v0Gq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand basic budgeting before longer-term financial planning" }, { "topicId": "mt_r1hw-KenpK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uSUqTjOl8m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand banking and interest before planning long-term savings goals" }, { "topicId": "mt_R1xLS1c2Pg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PThM5P7Umd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand medieval daily life before examining clothing as social marker" }, { "topicId": "mt_R2ccrI-nKD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8gy7uxRlF6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiples of 100 require understanding 100 as a unit" }, { "topicId": "mt_-r3B4FQyX3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_44HkROUnzE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 extinction through environmental change provides curriculum grounding for the sixth mass extinction scale and drivers" }, { "topicId": "mt_-r3B4FQyX3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FuVEZ1Ac9s", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extinction is what happens when natural selection cannot produce adaptations fast enough — the mechanism must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_-r3B4FQyX3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JSUGQ5Repv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Environmental change that causes local extinction and range shifts is the same process that drives full extinction" }, { "topicId": "mt_R4AY0LKxfl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i5_HnoFOYw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Working across the full coordinate grid requires first-quadrant plotting as a foundation" }, { "topicId": "mt_R4AY0LKxfl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RVK655t391", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Negative coordinates require understanding of negative numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_R4AY0LKxfl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SH7QgFl8-v", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Working with the full coordinate grid (all four quadrants) extends the transformation diagram to negative coordinates" }, { "topicId": "mt_R4AY0LKxfl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_snlqRCiA1R", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Four-quadrant coordinates extend first-quadrant plotting" }, { "topicId": "mt_r6oKXpN0er", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oB-L8EVdIP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum food-chains knowledge (producers/predators/prey) provides foundation for understanding full insect ecosystem roles" }, { "topicId": "mt_r6oKXpN0er", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QH-Fs97twT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand simple food chains before studying complex ecosystem roles" }, { "topicId": "mt_r6oKXpN0er", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SZJ1mN7Vfk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand pollination before studying insects' full range of ecosystem roles" }, { "topicId": "mt_R6YoRXkRxS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SwaNNdm_Ks", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Grouping materials by properties supports grouping rocks by properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_R7LEuZjTmx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fDoE-pL6Jv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Insect/minibeast diversity enriched by curriculum body structure comparison across groups" }, { "topicId": "mt_R7LEuZjTmx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oLHXfLujmh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Insect homes (hives, webs) were introduced in animal homes topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_R7LEuZjTmx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Insects diversity builds on knowing animal diversity globally" }, { "topicId": "mt_r8c43QB6wx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QysgF57dxh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must draw/identify geometric elements before classifying shapes by them" }, { "topicId": "mt_r8c43QB6wx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Xt1cRqaBOW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 quadrilateral classification supports classifying by lines/angles" }, { "topicId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_c29FaCTNsx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing simple pictograms/tables is prerequisite to scaled versions" }, { "topicId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u5HkSxZECM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing scaled bar charts and pictograms requires axis, scale, label, and frequency vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VhBH8wrFC6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Single-unit bar graphs are prerequisite to scaled bar graphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_rbPioPELM1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UKmtuAsSLN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand reversible changes before contrasting with irreversible ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_rbY77m8_s1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ae-cHHFR76", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using the EM spectrum as an astronomy tool depends on understanding stellar brightness and magnitude" }, { "topicId": "mt_rCMdwG-YOE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1PAWhRhpdg", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word problems require whole ÷ unit-fraction skill" }, { "topicId": "mt_rCMdwG-YOE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HJA2Oz-Zh1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Extends Y5 fraction multiplication word problems to division" }, { "topicId": "mt_rCMdwG-YOE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ifPDOYvUqm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word problems require unit-fraction ÷ whole number skill" }, { "topicId": "mt_rDjtmDogJr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7IFpDVNsmt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must present data in basic formats before using complex graphs and scientific diagrams" }, { "topicId": "mt_rDjtmDogJr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ChjMU2GDJa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Complex science graphs (scatter, line) build on maths discrete/continuous data graphing" }, { "topicId": "mt_REwgr0d_ss", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vnJEztczji", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising, describing, and building 3-D shapes by making nets is the core application of net literacy" }, { "topicId": "mt_REwgr0d_ss", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wUSbRt3-qw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Building 3-D shapes extends Y5 recognition of 3-D from 2-D representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_rf23aL6KwH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_pitjUcaAdy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand medieval cultural achievements before grasping how printing transformed them" }, { "topicId": "mt_rf23aL6KwH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UMOjbmLcbM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Growing towns and trade created demand for printed material" }, { "topicId": "mt_RFeVlw0QvX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Skip counting exercises recognising repeating calculation patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_RFeVlw0QvX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sYpKWbq5ra", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The +1 pattern in counting is the earliest repeated reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_RhntJz7p_6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h-z88yf9Pn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Decision-making process applies vocabulary of 'ethical', 'consequence', and 'responsibility'" }, { "topicId": "mt_RhntJz7p_6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q7zxOloj_L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "PSD decision-making skills underpin strategy selection in Learning-to-Learn" }, { "topicId": "mt_RhntJz7p_6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QR3vxbN1o4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "PSD decision-making processes transfer directly to Learning-to-Learn planning frameworks" }, { "topicId": "mt_RhntJz7p_6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UHQfb-n-w3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Decision-making process builds on understanding consequences" }, { "topicId": "mt_RioBUxHz1X", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what nouns are before learning words that precede them" }, { "topicId": "mt_RKeheOL9uo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_95zxYqpP7m", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Trying a different mathematical strategy when stuck is the maths-specific application of the universal strategy-switching habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_RKeheOL9uo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: making sense of multi-step word problems requires understanding that sentences express complete thoughts (reading comprehension foundation)" }, { "topicId": "mt_RKeheOL9uo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_O_UOTiMvT_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 problem-solving builds on age 6-7 problem-solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_RKeheOL9uo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QaYfeVL-0C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Estimating and checking answers exercises problem-solving at this age" }, { "topicId": "mt_RKeheOL9uo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XuHmIn2xje", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Multi-step A+S problems exercise breaking problems into parts" }, { "topicId": "mt_rkrG2w7WXI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uTKgmWqSoI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding why rules exist requires vocabulary of 'rule', 'safe', and 'fair'" }, { "topicId": "mt_rkrG2w7WXI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wc6cOTQ1bA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding rules benefits from knowing right/wrong" }, { "topicId": "mt_RlILL2sccX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B3W5EfimJw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand pushes/pulls before analysing design solutions using them" }, { "topicId": "mt_rML9unnd9x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-JnOhdei6F", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding global effects requires knowing plate tectonics mechanism" }, { "topicId": "mt_rML9unnd9x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W4j7T_PnGH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Famous eruptions benefit from understanding eruption types" }, { "topicId": "mt_rML9unnd9x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XG4RqUIXm8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Famous eruptions builds on Pompeii as first historical eruption case study" }, { "topicId": "mt_rML9unnd9x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XrvPx5kUfO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Continental drift (Pangaea) builds on plate concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_RNeEF1JU4J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6xj94tmpi-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ethical evaluation builds on recognising ethical grey areas" }, { "topicId": "mt_RNeEF1JU4J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cOknxrYhwL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating ethical issues benefits from examining own biases" }, { "topicId": "mt_RNeEF1JU4J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h_shhH-6DC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ethical evaluation benefits from understanding rights/responsibilities" }, { "topicId": "mt_RNeEF1JU4J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iodbOOmEQs", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ethical evaluation benefits from evaluating reasoning and evidence in speech" }, { "topicId": "mt_RNeEF1JU4J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mb1JUJmnbX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating ethical dimensions of real-world issues and forming reasoned positions requires the habit of questioning your own assumptions before accepting your first instinct" }, { "topicId": "mt_RNRymbz5SO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FIkqA0qhnj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise coins/notes and their values before practising buying transactions" }, { "topicId": "mt_RNRymbz5SO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SsS7GptD_o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand money as exchange medium before practising transactions" }, { "topicId": "mt_roAgL1rQRF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9-OHslmt1g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Extends digraph concept to three letters" }, { "topicId": "mt_roAgL1rQRF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BtMbZibZUj", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Vowel digraph knowledge supports trigraphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_roinupb_7L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0sELh0MYWb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced gene expression and genetic disease mechanisms depends on DNA structure and replication" }, { "topicId": "mt_roinupb_7L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bABr-c2DfV", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Advanced genetics depends on cell biology including the cell cycle and mitosis" }, { "topicId": "mt_rOqo-8GeKt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6aJUzBYGNs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mutation is defined as a change to the DNA sequence — the DNA model must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_rpug2tkYhb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on how your behaviour landed on others requires being able to articulate your own thinking and intentions clearly — the self-explanation habit applied to social experience" }, { "topicId": "mt_rpug2tkYhb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H4YZ1rSKP3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reflecting on impact on others requires vocabulary of 'impact', 'perspective', and 'reflect'" }, { "topicId": "mt_rpug2tkYhb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reflecting on the impact of your behaviour on others requires first having noticed patterns in your own reactions — you need self-knowledge before you can examine your social footprint" }, { "topicId": "mt_rpug2tkYhb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TU3BcLOgiV", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on impact requires understanding that your actions were choices, not automatic responses to feelings — the feelings/actions distinction underpins social accountability" }, { "topicId": "mt_rQ2YJJi4uh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GugVunb2lI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Self-correcting while reading requires the awareness that decoding correctly is not the same as understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_rQ2YJJi4uh", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need basic reading ability to self-monitor" }, { "topicId": "mt_rQ2YJJi4uh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Checking that a text makes sense while reading and self-correcting is the reading-domain form of the universal comprehension-monitoring habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_rQ2YJJi4uh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sense-checking uses sentence knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_rQ2YJJi4uh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V-ldQp56bF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reading comprehension monitoring builds on earlier fluency skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_rqalOvjkj3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z9jn9HogfE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Arctic geography before learning about peoples who live there" }, { "topicId": "mt_rqLMfiw61L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_35-DhMh_Yr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Assertive communication benefits from positive self-talk skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_rqLMfiw61L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ag9NSWJu-X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Assertive communication requires understanding the trio: assertive vs passive vs aggressive" }, { "topicId": "mt_rqLMfiw61L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iWGnyUyN2j", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Assertive communication builds on basic conflict resolution" }, { "topicId": "mt_rTn43s8RNX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MVovx37Xct", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing suitability of materials for uses requires property vocabulary to articulate why one material is better than another" }, { "topicId": "mt_rTn43s8RNX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SwaNNdm_Ks", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must group materials by properties before evaluating suitability for purposes" }, { "topicId": "mt_RTwmvr9R7V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CrGnpVjnk8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must have experience making something to sell before generating business ideas" }, { "topicId": "mt_RTwmvr9R7V", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vpMDMbx4pc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand customers before spotting problems to solve for them" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ruk2-lyGPZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E1wR8IfCV6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand nutrition before learning how the digestive system processes food" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ruk2-lyGPZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JpQUM1129q", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enrichment knowledge tracing the digestive journey supports formal curriculum study of digestive system parts" }, { "topicId": "mt_RVK655t391", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1KkvzwYxbR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating intervals across zero extends Y5 negative number context" }, { "topicId": "mt_RWUY7_IXvw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9QzSnn8m80", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Absolute value requires understanding negative numbers on a number line" }, { "topicId": "mt_rxInpOQ74w", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9QzSnn8m80", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiplying/dividing negatives requires adding/subtracting negatives first" }, { "topicId": "mt_rxJ2O_9Lkr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dknMcCqvoY", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding failure/resilience enriches entrepreneur case studies" }, { "topicId": "mt_rxJ2O_9Lkr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RTwmvr9R7V", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand business ideas before studying real entrepreneurs' journeys" }, { "topicId": "mt_RXnyhCRYXA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jHgRQ4hR0g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing operations benefits from order-of-operations understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_RXnyhCRYXA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p-nbe0w_lf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 multi-step four-op problems extend Y5 multi-step problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_RXnyhCRYXA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WsM4EmdOLe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mixed operation problems require long division skill" }, { "topicId": "mt_rymBfJmvFl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LhkP_KKIRS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Emotion intensity builds on knowing basic emotion categories" }, { "topicId": "mt_s08-QxASd2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FZ_ixwU1p1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what a rainforest is before learning about products from it" }, { "topicId": "mt_S2fP8rUwrl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h3vmvQW5Wa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Register awareness extends KS2 formal vs informal vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_s2mfRBoTal", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e8CZ7E5qW7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Number bonds within 20 builds on knowing bonds to 10" }, { "topicId": "mt_s2mfRBoTal", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ghF3Vv6taM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recalling bonds within 20 builds on fluency within 5" }, { "topicId": "mt_S3XMQOYt_D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k-V37x3zsF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating author evidence builds on explaining author's evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_s6-6FYb5UQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9lN0SpKlEH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Applying rhetorical devices (tricolon, anaphora, rhetorical questions) to enhance writing impact builds on the prior ability to write confidently for a wide range of purposes and forms beyond narrative" }, { "topicId": "mt_s6-6FYb5UQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DVSHx3YMkN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using literary devices in writing requires recognising them in reading first" }, { "topicId": "mt_s6-6FYb5UQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LMX-nZETLM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Applying rhetorical devices extends KS2 choosing precise and vivid words" }, { "topicId": "mt_S7CnyZCnxg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Correlative conjunctions build on coordination understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_S7UTAhptLi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9NQEiYLQA3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding different lives benefits from perspective-taking skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_S7UTAhptLi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a6AYrbb7x4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding diverse lives requires vocabulary for compassion, fairness, and community" }, { "topicId": "mt_S7UTAhptLi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OJVkWvIaM_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding different lives builds on noticing similarities/differences" }, { "topicId": "mt_sA0RvWXSYY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HZvTriQWTh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Measuring weather parallels curriculum observing/recording local weather" }, { "topicId": "mt_sA0RvWXSYY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j7cj9eWN7w", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Measuring wind benefits from knowing what wind is" }, { "topicId": "mt_sA0RvWXSYY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jc9k_HJQGd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring weather requires knowing the types of weather to measure" }, { "topicId": "mt_sA0RvWXSYY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PrWc-HZzDl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using thermometers builds on understanding temperature concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_sA2OvTiech", "prerequisiteId": "mt_933BohS9BH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing decimals to 3dp feeds into solving problems with them" }, { "topicId": "mt_sA2OvTiech", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ii1hV4V5ql", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rounding decimals supports problem-solving with decimals" }, { "topicId": "mt_Sa48W7KXB5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j7cer_Nmor", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing plant names helps distinguish living from non-living" }, { "topicId": "mt_Sa48W7KXB5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zexbopQjG0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing living, dead, and never-been-alive things requires the life processes vocabulary to give reasons" }, { "topicId": "mt_Sa48W7KXB5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zVLOm6U7bh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing animal groups helps distinguish living from non-living" }, { "topicId": "mt_saW7PxtPxw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6W5zzDIGZH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Thesaurus use builds on dictionary skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_saW7PxtPxw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5YbLvMgLL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Thesaurus use builds on understanding synonyms and antonyms" }, { "topicId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bfhng6mOuy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding defining attributes supports describing shape properties formally" }, { "topicId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KJeEeTutJI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing properties of 2-D shapes (sides, symmetry) requires knowing the shapes first" }, { "topicId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yGv8doDAmp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Formal property description extends informal analysis of sides and vertices" }, { "topicId": "mt_SbEaQnMQoD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RgQxPddV8v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand goods and services before grasping buying and selling" }, { "topicId": "mt_SbEaQnMQoD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SsS7GptD_o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: understanding what money is (Money & Finance) supports grasping exchange" }, { "topicId": "mt_SBkTGjiZjZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluent fraction-decimal conversion builds on Y6 decimal fraction equivalents" }, { "topicId": "mt_SBkTGjiZjZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W17Kbwm0-u", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Working between terminating decimals and fractions requires 'terminating decimal' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_scbDHJZZHK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SrmHaJXKrX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Basic ice and snow knowledge is prerequisite to understanding states of matter and ice types" }, { "topicId": "mt_scBgiMKhG_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding that reading means making meaning is the English-domain grounding of the universal habit of noticing when you don't understand" }, { "topicId": "mt_Sc_SorJhXW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wfEfQuHOG-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Metal properties and reactivity predictions are read from the periodic table" }, { "topicId": "mt_sdmm_m60qX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FW9_8F52bw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Research and note-taking skills support the ability to gather and organise textual evidence for literary analysis writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_sdmm_m60qX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing evidence from literary texts in writing requires the ability to draw inferences from texts with evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_sdmm_m60qX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WzOyJFKDIu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing evidence from literary and informational texts requires academic vocabulary for reasoning about evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_sDmrVCfzqt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E1wR8IfCV6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 detailed diet components extend KS2 understanding that animals need the right nutrition" }, { "topicId": "mt_ShAptVcQR3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hsN-YvCNQY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand complete metamorphosis before comparing it to incomplete" }, { "topicId": "mt_sHJqh6UUya", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-bMnJcPJy8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The formal KS3 frequency analysis of experimental probability extends the bridging work on long-run behaviour introduced at age 10-11" }, { "topicId": "mt_sHJqh6UUya", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vmQJAtAFuy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Experimental probability requires understanding the 0–1 probability scale first" }, { "topicId": "mt_sJyZW4qYUG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_O2dS6gvClw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The Y5-6 statutory word list is the direct continuation of the Y3-4 word list" }, { "topicId": "mt_skYly2Qm01", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uhuxX8sg9f", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ordering 3 objects by length and indirect comparison extends direct length comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aFvsj35QzC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Summarising builds on identifying main topic in informational texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5KC4AnRLW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Key details and inference support identifying main ideas" }, { "topicId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rQ2YJJi4uh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Retrieving and summarising main ideas from multi-paragraph texts requires active self-monitoring comprehension — noticing when something doesn't make sense and re-reading to fix it" }, { "topicId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VEwM7ClYYE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying main ideas from multiple paragraphs and summarising builds on the prior skill of discussing sequence of events and how information items are related in shorter texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZhUuT__i2H", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Summarising requires understanding non-fiction text structures" }, { "topicId": "mt_SmghasIvbT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3y7xKP9MjU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fraction-of-quantity problems exercise multi-step reasoning" }, { "topicId": "mt_SmghasIvbT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RKeheOL9uo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 7-8 problem-sense-making is prerequisite to age 8-9 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_SmghasIvbT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating reasonableness using estimation and inverse operations applies the universal error-analysis habit to maths" }, { "topicId": "mt_SmghasIvbT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WtcFrxGOgw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Perimeter problems exercise multi-step problem solving at age 8-9" }, { "topicId": "mt__sMrmOv3bx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jY7uf0Cb7o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "PV problems require four-digit place-value understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt__sMrmOv3bx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NLSfvB9vUl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Many PV problems involve rounding" }, { "topicId": "mt_snlqRCiA1R", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oDlduFnemk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plotting points requires understanding the coordinate system" }, { "topicId": "mt_SoDP1fSQEB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wPgpMJ0-PA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding decimal place value and powers-of-10 scaling is essential for decimal multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_SoDP1fSQEB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XLP1IM3Qbb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiplying decimals by whole numbers builds on whole-number multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_SqhXQhAEUf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2VpdPjvewx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multi-step conversion problems require conversion skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_SqhXQhAEUf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5HV4mbgSGH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measurement word problems extend Y5 measurement problem-solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_sQpIV0-qY7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oAg79ju344", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ocean zones require knowing the ocean is deep and vast" }, { "topicId": "mt_sQpIV0-qY7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ytUG3yjCYt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding zones requires knowing ocean has diverse life at different depths" }, { "topicId": "mt_SrmHaJXKrX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4uPnLieBPN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about polar regions before learning about ice and snow there" }, { "topicId": "mt_SrrsLiJkr3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Columnar methods require fluent within-100 addition/subtraction" }, { "topicId": "mt_SrrsLiJkr3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ewmuMMPAzP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Formal columnar methods build on conceptual understanding of composing/decomposing" }, { "topicId": "mt_SsLWS_APM7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_a1FdAsRKOF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fraction problems require addition/subtraction of fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_SsLWS_APM7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IfEgu0X449", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Some problems require comparing fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_SsLWS_APM7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k2WE0-22-4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fraction problems require finding fractions of quantities" }, { "topicId": "mt_sSQlLOnAow", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need to engage with stories before identifying elements" }, { "topicId": "mt_SUOhjmRqv9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing literal from nonliteral builds on recognising literary language and sensory words" }, { "topicId": "mt_SUOhjmRqv9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VLu59hpQ4T", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding figurative language connects to distinguishing shades of meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_sUVeVXzRuq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AvrQauS_zX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 weight = mass × g extends KS2 introduction to gravity as the force pulling objects toward Earth" }, { "topicId": "mt_sUVOS2jH3J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0MfpLj0Uhb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cross-book comparison builds on recommending books with reasons" }, { "topicId": "mt_sUVOS2jH3J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yHQacItlhf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-book comparison draws on understanding themes and conventions" }, { "topicId": "mt_svFa6_mjO_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tAJH5BrpOx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Composite shape problems require fluency with basic area formulae first" }, { "topicId": "mt_svFa6_mjO_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xq3YHZ2zeR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Circle calculations require knowing radius, diameter, circumference from KS2" }, { "topicId": "mt_SwaNNdm_Ks", "prerequisiteId": "mt_auVZZEuXjs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must describe properties before using them to group materials" }, { "topicId": "mt_SXbZ3bC9z7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ebPelt-qAl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must generate equivalent fractions before using common denominators to compare" }, { "topicId": "mt_SXbZ3bC9z7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HnKbuCliNS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same-numerator/denom comparison is prerequisite to different-denom comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_sXRHr7tfS5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Building on others' contributions in discussion requires being able to articulate your own thinking — the self-explanation habit applied in a social context" }, { "topicId": "mt_sXRHr7tfS5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S0hzjAeLSK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Engaging listeners requires ability to articulate opinions" }, { "topicId": "mt_sXRHr7tfS5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wwdRhPyz6s", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Conversational skills provide foundation for evaluating viewpoints" }, { "topicId": "mt_sXRHr7tfS5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZBMcX2oRor", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reciting/presenting skills support engaging an audience" }, { "topicId": "mt_sYpKWbq5ra", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding 'one more/one less' requires understanding that each number represents a quantity (cardinality)" }, { "topicId": "mt_SZJ1mN7Vfk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_guaaD6Dn2M", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding bee colonies provides context for understanding pollination as a bee behaviour" }, { "topicId": "mt_SZJ1mN7Vfk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QH-Fs97twT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Simple food chain understanding prepares for interdependence concept in pollination" }, { "topicId": "mt_-SZU6cVB_-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u3Y3Tb-G_n", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding the Sun as a star motivates learning about telescopes for studying other stars" }, { "topicId": "mt_sZXPK1FnRB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sentence concept supports understanding pronoun function" }, { "topicId": "mt_sZXPK1FnRB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what nouns are before replacing them with pronouns" }, { "topicId": "mt_t06dHX2ZYw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OlhMP7ShFT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Connecting text to visual/oral presentations builds on understanding the relationship between illustrations and text; the step up is from static illustrations to film, drama, and audio adaptations" }, { "topicId": "mt_t0g2SlP404", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-c4Ca_nBzX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The formal 0-1 probability scale formalises the fractional representation of equally-likely outcomes introduced at age 9-10" }, { "topicId": "mt_t0g2SlP404", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IfEgu0X449", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Expressing probability as fractions, decimals, and percentages requires comparing and ordering fractions — a skill built in the Fractions domain" }, { "topicId": "mt_t1JXeNgKcu", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need blending to read contractions" }, { "topicId": "mt__t4afSyZRm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m1W6nTQJ2b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 20 requires prior strategy-based adding/subtracting within 20" }, { "topicId": "mt__t4afSyZRm", "prerequisiteId": "mt__we2TDqnJx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 20 builds on fluency within 10" }, { "topicId": "mt_T6nrrf2K43", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EqXlZfB4jp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Spelling with a range of prefixes requires 'prefix' and 'root word' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_T6nrrf2K43", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FYK8m6eHQm", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding suffix rules supports understanding affix patterns generally" }, { "topicId": "mt_T6nrrf2K43", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zBUcAPDRPM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prefix spelling Y3 builds on prefix un- from Y1" }, { "topicId": "mt_T76hKqXf0z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Associativity requires understanding addition as combining" }, { "topicId": "mt_T76hKqXf0z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QCgbiVrwnp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Associative property builds on commutative — both involve rearranging addends" }, { "topicId": "mt_T8JGTJ-oNI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LRzjbo1Fn6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum adaptation/evolution concept underpins understanding of dinosaur-to-bird evolution" }, { "topicId": "mt_T8JGTJ-oNI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yrSdVrXrsF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand theropods as a group before learning birds evolved from them" }, { "topicId": "mt_T9IXrlxfx2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IdFxLz-UW9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Choosing sentence types requires understanding how phrases and clauses function" }, { "topicId": "mt_T9IXrlxfx2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YQ64pzcLDl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing complex sentences uses subordinate/relative clauses from KS2" }, { "topicId": "mt_tAJH5BrpOx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eiB3-6pu6a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Area formulae build on KS2 rectangle area/perimeter" }, { "topicId": "mt_tAJH5BrpOx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ML5t7n2-U8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 area/volume formulae extend KS2 area of parallelograms and triangles" }, { "topicId": "mt_tAJH5BrpOx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nTL-owFJTF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 volume of prisms extends KS2 volume of cuboids (V = l × w × h)" }, { "topicId": "mt_tAtMET4EIU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9XVFje6Tyr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding 1000 more/less is prerequisite to counting in powers of 10" }, { "topicId": "mt_tAtMET4EIU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QqG6IdmTSE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "×10 relationship understanding supports counting in powers of 10" }, { "topicId": "mt_-tcJeAhK5k", "prerequisiteId": "mt_J5cx6S_eT9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y5 grammar terminology builds directly on Y4 terminology; learners must know determiner, pronoun, adverbial before adding modal verb, relative clause, parenthesis, cohesion, ambiguity" }, { "topicId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8dstvf-KKb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Investigating why something was wrong grows from the earlier habit of checking whether an answer seems right" }, { "topicId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_95zxYqpP7m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Error analysis requires the habit of trying different approaches — you need to have tried something before you can analyse what went wrong" }, { "topicId": "mt_TdV9YGJEoY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qeZYF6HZ4o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Position/direction vocabulary with right angles extends basic positional language" }, { "topicId": "mt_TdV9YGJEoY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y9XKzLrUAZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Right-angle turns (clockwise/anti-clockwise) build directly on whole/half/quarter turns from Year 1" }, { "topicId": "mt_tedML_iu4Y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oqziWKry-L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on KS2 knowledge that angles at a point sum to 360° and on a line to 180°" }, { "topicId": "mt_tedML_iu4Y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QDTO3GAgcq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 angle facts extend KS2 angles at a point, on a line, and vertically opposite" }, { "topicId": "mt_Te-ulgYMUd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8QOeG3CuKc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Migration across oceans requires knowing the geography of oceans" }, { "topicId": "mt_Te-ulgYMUd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9EoS35vaYB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Migration is a major adaptation; requires understanding adaptations" }, { "topicId": "mt_Te-ulgYMUd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bK84sPehyP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean Life marine migration builds on the general migration concept from Animals of the World" }, { "topicId": "mt_Te-ulgYMUd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OnV_DTp5i8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Migration patterns connect to food web dynamics and seasonal food availability" }, { "topicId": "mt_TfOiog-ALs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sentence concept foundational to grammar terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_TfOiog-ALs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Punctuation terms part of grammar terminology" }, { "topicId": "mt_TgHxujL81r", "prerequisiteId": "mt_09sySPqM9Z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "a/b as sum of 1/b is prerequisite to understanding a/b as multiple of 1/b" }, { "topicId": "mt_tGZ2sMzMGz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6aJUzBYGNs", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding genetic bottlenecks during mass extinctions depends on heredity and chromosomes concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_tGZ2sMzMGz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IP0PTVfTXp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced mass extinction mechanisms analysis depends on understanding the K-Pg extinction event" }, { "topicId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r0VXbfAmsH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding tens and ones place value requires the concept of 10 as a bundle" }, { "topicId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xmmgAzxe5j", "strength": "hard", "reason": "General two-digit place value extends from understanding teen number composition" }, { "topicId": "mt_thsY1ZesaU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Listening and responding supports discussion skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_thsY1ZesaU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Listening comprehension supports discussion" }, { "topicId": "mt_ThTbUuNb3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3jmBpEepYX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Scientific reporting at KS3 requires first being able to draw sound conclusions and evaluate experimental quality" }, { "topicId": "mt_ThTbUuNb3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ae56umVlTT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "A full structured report covers all stages from hypothesis to conclusion — grounded in the experimental design topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_ThTbUuNb3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qcsl1Z1x0l", "strength": "soft", "reason": "A scientific report drawing on multiple sources and peer-reviewed literature requires the summarising and source-integration skills developed in English" }, { "topicId": "mt_ThTbUuNb3p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zCUIJLdK_s", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Writing a structured secondary-level scientific report requires the informative/explanatory writing skills taught in English — logical organisation, precise vocabulary, and supporting detail" }, { "topicId": "mt_tHtjfjjFrl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FYK8m6eHQm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y3 suffix/sound-spelling builds directly on Y2 suffix rules with root changes" }, { "topicId": "mt_tHtjfjjFrl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QdMMLRYWhn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Basic suffix spelling from Y1 provides foundation" }, { "topicId": "mt_tIi6L1n7kF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Hqz5y_tWz2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing drama requires understanding plot, character, and setting" }, { "topicId": "mt_tIi6L1n7kF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_x2sWtfTeYT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating staging choices connects to understanding how perspective shapes interpretation" }, { "topicId": "mt_TiQbi027PE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Requires fluent addition within 100 to combine multiple two-digit numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_TiQbi027PE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zx1xZM-RbX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding four two-digit numbers extends adding three one-digit numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_TKZefYXaVS", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mquPi2IP-J", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Anaerobic respiration is defined in contrast to aerobic — it is the fallback when oxygen supply is insufficient" }, { "topicId": "mt_TlGhXAqC4p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aulwq39aj8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding cosmic scale motivates building scale models to grasp distances" }, { "topicId": "mt_TlGhXAqC4p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AVk2EmSULC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the planets before building scale models of the solar system" }, { "topicId": "mt_TlLE4cZgOr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jc9k_HJQGd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rain concept benefits from knowing rain as a weather type" }, { "topicId": "mt_Tls5qJ4p0L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1wxwg782yX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand inherited traits before learning environment also influences traits" }, { "topicId": "mt_Tls5qJ4p0L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h4abSktujo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing environmental from genetic influences on traits requires 'inherited', 'acquired', and 'genetic' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_tMLsTPQHwF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Oru08pKlxd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Shadow formation knowledge supports measuring and graphing shadow changes" }, { "topicId": "mt_tMLsTPQHwF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q15w--Fb5H", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Earth's rotation before graphing shadow patterns caused by it" }, { "topicId": "mt_TMoHjMhRS2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lMz9nAs7VO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 6-7 precise mathematical communication builds on age 5-6 careful use of basic vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_TMoHjMhRS2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oIzycTBeE4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding = as 'is the same as' is core to precise symbol use" }, { "topicId": "mt_TMoHjMhRS2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_U0waNfD8PB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using >, =, < correctly exercises precise mathematical communication" }, { "topicId": "mt_TMOzMCE17H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Climate zones require distinguishing weather from climate" }, { "topicId": "mt_TMOzMCE17H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hjJkBWruO6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Climate zones formalize the concept of different weather around the world" }, { "topicId": "mt_TMOzMCE17H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-YYnLLIZh5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate zones benefit from understanding Sun drives weather systems" }, { "topicId": "mt_tn1rY9GbEZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4-vfMgmCVB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Text-level cohesion extends KS2 cohesive devices within paragraphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_tn1rY9GbEZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hjtbA3g-Nn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 transitions build on KS2 cohesive devices across paragraphs with ellipsis" }, { "topicId": "mt_tn1rY9GbEZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uvILgZq9HN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Cross-paragraph linking extends KS2 linking ideas across paragraphs with adverbials" }, { "topicId": "mt_To9HdLy8vq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MewIRdzpzz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Roman numerals to 100 is prerequisite to extending to 1000" }, { "topicId": "mt_tpT9brpI6D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2VpdPjvewx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 unit conversion extends KS2 (Y6) metric conversion with decimals to area/volume units" }, { "topicId": "mt_tpT9brpI6D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Unit conversion draws on 'rate', 'unit rate', and 'scale factor' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_doX1BhmFgk", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand hundredths before writing decimal equivalents" }, { "topicId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W17Kbwm0-u", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing decimal equivalents of tenths and hundredths requires decimal point and place-value vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_tqgZH11cP5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0Rx1ISxXFE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: global trade (Money & Finance) provides context for supply chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_tqgZH11cP5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9gpUHWVKMR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand costs before seeing how supply chain stages add cost" }, { "topicId": "mt_tqgZH11cP5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RgQxPddV8v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand goods and services before tracing supply chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_tQkCzRcWG7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oR6dwRj2Ll", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 human reproduction (systems, fertilisation, gestation) extends KS2 introduction to offspring and life stages" }, { "topicId": "mt_TR2oTy9c2M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BX4D8cCFtQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 heart structure and double circulation extends KS2 introduction to the circulatory system" }, { "topicId": "mt_TR2oTy9c2M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V9SQS9gLFw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The heart's role in the double circulatory system is only meaningful when gas exchange at the lungs is understood" }, { "topicId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2GDBmKCJxs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sourcing — asking who made this and why — is the analytical tool for explaining why accounts of the same event differ" }, { "topicId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5KC4AnRLW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interrogating historical sources with critical questions builds on the skill of asking and answering questions about key details in non-fiction texts" }, { "topicId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asking who made a source, when, and why — and interpreting what that means — requires the inference skills developed in English reading comprehension" }, { "topicId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VXcua6-txq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating a source requires 'primary source', 'secondary source', 'bias' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y6P9y1Rz-u", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sourcing is elaborative interrogation applied to historical documents — asking not just what it says but why it was made" }, { "topicId": "mt_TU3BcLOgiV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_69hFD2NgGe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding that feelings and actions are separate requires first being able to name and identify what you are feeling" }, { "topicId": "mt_TU3BcLOgiV", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H4YZ1rSKP3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding the feelings-actions separation requires vocabulary to distinguish and name each component" }, { "topicId": "mt_tX0R4-4WXy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yHQacItlhf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing themes across cultures requires ability to identify recurring themes and conventions in literature" }, { "topicId": "mt_tXxxCFl32J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AiWlJfvC3O", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Newton's 1st and 2nd laws are defined in terms of resultant force — the concept of balanced and unbalanced forces must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_tXxxCFl32J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sUVeVXzRuq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Gravity (weight = mg) is the main worked example for Newton's laws — mass/weight distinction gives concrete numbers for F = ma" }, { "topicId": "mt_tXxxCFl32J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y9k86G8BBT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Newton's laws explain why friction and air resistance slow objects down — the KS2 observation of resistance now has a theoretical explanation" }, { "topicId": "mt_tzMr83pS8v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bPFToj0OhZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand AI limitations before evaluating AI-generated content" }, { "topicId": "mt_tzMr83pS8v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K6qtan847r", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding training helps grasp how AI generates realistic content" }, { "topicId": "mt_u0TeRwRII_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BnabTHkNIp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know some dinosaur species before comparing their sizes" }, { "topicId": "mt_U0waNfD8PB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_THl9GLxwoL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing two-digit numbers using PV requires understanding tens and ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_U0waNfD8PB", "prerequisiteId": "mt__YRJ23GuIK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing two-digit numbers extends from comparing single-digit written numerals" }, { "topicId": "mt_u1-UfD0rTH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand what a sentence is before learning sentence types" }, { "topicId": "mt_u1-UfD0rTH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic sentence punctuation before varying it by type" }, { "topicId": "mt_u23IGDxOpk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MFfYcnv6Tv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Perpendicular lines require understanding right angles" }, { "topicId": "mt_u23IGDxOpk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qeZYF6HZ4o", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Horizontal/vertical builds on positional vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_u3OuIXqmAo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_37QCuGOxFe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y5-6 homophones (affect/effect, practice/practise) build on the Y3-4 homophone programme" }, { "topicId": "mt_u3Y3Tb-G_n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PiWZA8Z0ZJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Sun is a sky object before learning it is a star" }, { "topicId": "mt_u3Y3Tb-G_n", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XlyF294bPR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about the solar system before learning the Sun is at its centre" }, { "topicId": "mt_U4cIBXVug4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gtTl3R5buH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting products is prerequisite to interpreting multiplication as comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_u6SYiVx7FX", "prerequisiteId": "mt__p5n8z5soJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding algorithms helps grasp how voice assistants process commands" }, { "topicId": "mt_u6SYiVx7FX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WRRv1ABECC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand smart devices before exploring voice assistants as a specific smart device" }, { "topicId": "mt_u7Jxjjatkh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_18qkgxr_-T", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand singular/plural nouns before matching verbs" }, { "topicId": "mt_u7Jxjjatkh", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know nouns and verbs before learning agreement" }, { "topicId": "mt_U_8iVFZuHH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QB4qIGJIIj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating whether your own writing creates an intended effect requires first understanding how authors' choices create effects on readers — reading like a writer before writing like a reader" }, { "topicId": "mt_U_8iVFZuHH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Y6P9y1Rz-u", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating whether your writing works requires asking 'why does this passage succeed or fail?' — the elaborative-interrogation habit applied to your own text" }, { "topicId": "mt_U9sme87C32", "prerequisiteId": "mt__casygEB85", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rounding to dp/sf extends Y6 rounding to any place" }, { "topicId": "mt_-UAxilUtUt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j7cj9eWN7w", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding wind causes requires knowing what wind is" }, { "topicId": "mt_UcGn2hjhYU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iFFKZd-Vgv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing and ordering likelihoods requires first knowing the vocabulary of likelihood (certain, likely, unlikely, impossible)" }, { "topicId": "mt_udgPy5oAvR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_asRwlPZXC3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about jobs/work before understanding producers and consumers in an economy" }, { "topicId": "mt_udgPy5oAvR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_My0OL6fhGL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Advertising knowledge helps understand how markets influence behaviour" }, { "topicId": "mt_udgPy5oAvR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RNRymbz5SO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand buying/selling before grasping supply and demand" }, { "topicId": "mt_uDJY0X0hgo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9QzSnn8m80", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ordering all number types (integers, decimals, fractions) on a number line extends the negative-number number-line representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_uDJY0X0hgo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PsylzZ9lHW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ordering all number types requires understanding place value across the full system" }, { "topicId": "mt_uDJY0X0hgo", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RVK655t391", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ordering with inequality symbols extends Y6 work with negative numbers in context" }, { "topicId": "mt_UEe3MC5RZc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aw0PldeT_L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Root words/inflections build on Y1 morphological awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_UEe3MC5RZc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FYK8m6eHQm", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Suffix spelling rules reinforce understanding of how affixes change words" }, { "topicId": "mt_uESbzWCZIq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FX4a2Q8XXN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Factorising is the reverse of expanding — students need expanding fluency first" }, { "topicId": "mt_uG2mjHFOlO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Noticing commutativity of addition exercises spotting structural patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt_uG2mjHFOlO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xmmgAzxe5j", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising teen numbers as 'ten and some more' exercises noticing structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_UGf6jICEhs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SeNxOZTHCN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Framing mistakes as learning uses the vocabulary of feelings management and coping with setback" }, { "topicId": "mt_UHQfb-n-w3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uTKgmWqSoI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding that actions have consequences requires the vocabulary word 'consequence' as a named concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_U_HQXCnAaG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_T6nrrf2K43", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Hyphen use with prefixes connects to prefix knowledge; -fer doubling rules relate to suffix addition after specific roots" }, { "topicId": "mt_U_HQXCnAaG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_y8sicbhMci", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Assorted Y5-6 conventions (ough, ei after c, hyphens, -fer doubling) build on etymological spelling pattern knowledge from Y4" }, { "topicId": "mt_uhuxX8sg9f", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NtJYlJdUe9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing lengths/heights requires first identifying length as a measurable attribute" }, { "topicId": "mt_UjuriPLVgT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_33RrpbceZE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Exoplanet detection depends on understanding the detailed structure of the solar system" }, { "topicId": "mt_UjuriPLVgT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aulwq39aj8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Exoplanet detection methods depend on understanding the scale of the universe in nested layers" }, { "topicId": "mt_ujwtRoYJ34", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aVZJhPbc_1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding how parts build on each other connects to language/structure contribution to meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_ujwtRoYJ34", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gZIo5oiBMt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Structural terminology builds on knowing common text types" }, { "topicId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8-POYyg7GJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing inferences about characters' feelings and justifying them with evidence is enriched by prior experience predicting what might happen next — both require reading ahead of the literal text" }, { "topicId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5KC4AnRLW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Inferring characters' feelings/motives with evidence builds on identifying key details and making simple inferences" }, { "topicId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rQ2YJJi4uh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Inferring and justifying inferences with text evidence requires the metacognitive habit of checking that the text makes sense as you read — a reader who doesn't self-monitor will miss the cues on which inference depends" }, { "topicId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VEwM7ClYYE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing inferences about motivations is enriched by the prior ability to understand and discuss the sequence of events and connections between them — inference relies on understanding what happened and in what order" }, { "topicId": "mt_ukLvUD8DFA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WzOyJFKDIu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing inferences from complex texts requires academic vocabulary for reasoning about evidence and argument" }, { "topicId": "mt_UKmtuAsSLN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ahSqW_kK1b", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing dissolving and changes of state as reversible requires the vocabulary from the process terms node" }, { "topicId": "mt_UKmtuAsSLN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mf-T-fYRLX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand dissolving before demonstrating it is reversible" }, { "topicId": "mt_UKmtuAsSLN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand state changes before categorising them as reversible" }, { "topicId": "mt_uM6q_KBWKy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QEr24lqzvH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Capitalisation is related punctuation skill" }, { "topicId": "mt_UMOjbmLcbM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand feudal rural society before grasping the significance of urban growth" }, { "topicId": "mt_UMOjbmLcbM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zy-CKUkq34", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Crusades stimulated trade which fuelled town growth" }, { "topicId": "mt_UNzojLkNdm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4m8BimI4G5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tell time to 5 minutes is prerequisite to telling time to nearest minute" }, { "topicId": "mt_UooUHC_V7U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KJeEeTutJI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise 2-D shapes to identify them on 3-D surfaces" }, { "topicId": "mt_UooUHC_V7U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mnEVZNkX3p", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand the distinction between 2-D and 3-D to recognise 2-D shapes on 3-D surfaces" }, { "topicId": "mt_UooUHC_V7U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qcp2d_kuta", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise 3-D shapes to examine their surfaces" }, { "topicId": "mt_UoqUPI_uNz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_68pIoiiG4g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Conservation of energy in physical systems connects to exothermic/endothermic reactions — energy is conserved in chemical systems too" }, { "topicId": "mt_UoqUPI_uNz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CyV7crZ8hl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Energy changes during changes of state (endothermic melting, exothermic freezing) extend the changes-of-state model" }, { "topicId": "mt_UoqUPI_uNz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v0K6GRi4ZL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Energy changes are a property of chemical reactions — understanding reaction types gives context" }, { "topicId": "mt_uorNrPTh6U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VY3rBq8RyP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using prepositions for time/cause builds on Y1 prepositions" }, { "topicId": "mt_uorNrPTh6U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Time/cause conjunctions extend Y2 subordination/co-ordination" }, { "topicId": "mt_uoTBeyMhGm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AVk2EmSULC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing planet positions helps understand where asteroids and comets are found" }, { "topicId": "mt_uP9faJlnRq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_asRwlPZXC3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about different jobs before exploring how earning works in depth" }, { "topicId": "mt_Uq5vYqboCR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jBQS-CicNn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand coordinates before describing translations between positions" }, { "topicId": "mt_Uq5vYqboCR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SH7QgFl8-v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing translations on a grid requires the grid-based transformation diagram representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_uQljqc0J5j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BnabTHkNIp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing species names helps when assigning them to time periods" }, { "topicId": "mt_uQljqc0J5j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dpM1l5IOk6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand dinosaurs existed long ago before placing them in geological periods" }, { "topicId": "mt_uQljqc0J5j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u0TeRwRII_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Placing the Mesozoic periods in order and understanding that different dinosaurs lived in different periods is contextualised by the prior knowledge that dinosaurs varied enormously in size — size variation across time periods supports the concept of evolutionary change" }, { "topicId": "mt_UQnAFPs83F", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AKAtWEwpcj", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding two two-digit numbers requires ability to add ones to a two-digit number" }, { "topicId": "mt_UQnAFPs83F", "prerequisiteId": "mt_I5j1ZWo2cn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding two two-digit numbers requires ability to add tens to a two-digit number" }, { "topicId": "mt_UR5LvBeyF1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1wxwg782yX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand trait variation before explaining how variation provides survival advantages" }, { "topicId": "mt_UR5LvBeyF1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Habitat knowledge supports understanding how adaptations suit specific environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_UR5LvBeyF1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h4abSktujo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining how variation provides survival advantages requires 'variation', 'species', and 'trait' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_URezjbU-6f", "prerequisiteId": "mt_go5i87u2b9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe weather and seasons before understanding weather forecasting purpose" }, { "topicId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M7XhBBzYof", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing food webs and understanding interdependence requires food web, producer, decomposer vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oB-L8EVdIP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 food webs and ecosystem interdependence extends KS2 introduction to food chains with producers, predators and prey" }, { "topicId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uVaS12lN1i", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Constructing and interpreting food webs requires the food web diagram representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_uSUqTjOl8m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FNSeo9_T2Z", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding money safety motivates why banks are useful" }, { "topicId": "mt_uSUqTjOl8m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zrCyqhngYm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand saving before learning about banks as saving institutions" }, { "topicId": "mt_U_tJvy3cbB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2b6CB0w3Yx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 advanced separation techniques (distillation, chromatography) extend KS2 filtering and evaporating" }, { "topicId": "mt_U_tJvy3cbB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MBTVB-E-S7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Separation techniques are chosen based on whether a substance is a mixture or pure compound" }, { "topicId": "mt_UTnDKQkVX5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B1zj1RwQ3a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Partitioning rectangles into unit squares builds on understanding rectangular arrays" }, { "topicId": "mt_uuB3owTqNY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bjlY5TE1y-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand feudal hierarchy before examining women's roles within it" }, { "topicId": "mt_uuB3owTqNY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LuwHnQItF_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Church context needed for understanding nuns and abbesses" }, { "topicId": "mt_uVaS12lN1i", "prerequisiteId": "mt_loYPGHJ8lm", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reading food web arrows requires the same diagram-reading conventions as circuit diagrams — both are directed-graph notations" }, { "topicId": "mt_uvILgZq9HN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0QJoKWABdC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fronted adverbials are one of the key mechanisms for linking paragraphs (e.g. Meanwhile, Later that day)" }, { "topicId": "mt_uvILgZq9HN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4-vfMgmCVB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Linking across paragraphs builds on within-paragraph cohesion; learners must achieve cohesion within paragraphs before linking between them" }, { "topicId": "mt_uycuqPaiJ1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Complex list punctuation builds on basic comma use in lists" }, { "topicId": "mt_uzk7qs4KxE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FDKd7I79JZ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Christianity replaced the Greco-Roman gods" }, { "topicId": "mt_uzk7qs4KxE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vFYFvgrPgD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Law, Latin, Christianity are products of the Roman Empire" }, { "topicId": "mt_v0K6GRi4ZL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1hgck6ucII", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Types of chemical reaction are specific categories of chemical change — the physical/chemical distinction must come first" }, { "topicId": "mt_v0K6GRi4ZL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Sc_SorJhXW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Displacement reactions require understanding that metals differ in reactivity — metal properties provide the context" }, { "topicId": "mt_V2lNzEex_a", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The exploratory weather/climate water cycle topic provides an accessible entry point before the formal KS3 treatment" }, { "topicId": "mt_V2lNzEex_a", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qkewo5M3_c", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The KS3 water cycle (including transpiration and surface runoff) builds directly on KS2 understanding of evaporation and condensation" }, { "topicId": "mt_v33BwiyRnd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5KC4AnRLW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying key details supports determining what the story's message is" }, { "topicId": "mt_v33BwiyRnd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zlSoIKPyId", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Determining central message requires ability to retell stories and identify key details" }, { "topicId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying audience, purpose, form, tone, and register before writing requires all these as named vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_86DyHo9zO3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Formal/informal register awareness supports matching tone to audience and purpose" }, { "topicId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9P9o6d0Qm3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying audience and purpose before writing builds on general planning skills; the step up is from planning content to strategically matching form and tone to audience" }, { "topicId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QB4qIGJIIj", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying audience and purpose before writing requires understanding how authorial choices shape reader experience — you are now making those choices deliberately" }, { "topicId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QR3vxbN1o4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying audience and purpose before writing is the writing-domain form of the universal planning habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_v5yDTWEiyQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Articulating what helped in the learning process requires the self-explanation habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_v5yDTWEiyQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TDUpy57QVM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reflecting on the learning process requires the ability to analyse errors — reflection without error analysis stays superficial" }, { "topicId": "mt_V6456X6pJE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OltpfaX7l6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fact vs opinion builds on identifying author's point of view" }, { "topicId": "mt_v6CBCMuvz1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0u3QNroZ34", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Location near Equator explains why the climate is tropical" }, { "topicId": "mt_v6CBCMuvz1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FZ_ixwU1p1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what a rainforest is before understanding its tropical climate in detail" }, { "topicId": "mt_v6CBCMuvz1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hjJkBWruO6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding world weather patterns helps understand tropical climate (Weather 7-9 -> Rainforests 7-9)" }, { "topicId": "mt_-V7EnqU7gG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ebPelt-qAl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must generate equivalent fractions to find common denominators" }, { "topicId": "mt_-V7EnqU7gG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VgOePicFYK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same-denom add/sub is prerequisite to related-denom add/sub" }, { "topicId": "mt_V9SQS9gLFw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7hB8s5eOP1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The gas exchange system is an organ system — hierarchy concept provides structural context" }, { "topicId": "mt_V9SQS9gLFw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i80I-1MLP2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Gas exchange at the alveoli is driven by diffusion — the mechanism must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_v9uYnIY5-B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LQt4vnKeB4", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing the scale of the universe using light years and galaxies draws on this vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_v9uYnIY5-B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oLjz18CxDg", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Gravity as a universal force provides context for why galaxies hold together and for the orbital dynamics at galactic scale" }, { "topicId": "mt_v9uYnIY5-B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZhKuYCbXz1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding the wider universe (galaxies, light years) extends the KS2 concept that the Sun is a nearby star and brightness varies with distance" }, { "topicId": "mt_VA126P6Wp5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cOknxrYhwL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced social awareness depends on earlier empathy skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_VA126P6Wp5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oqvJJKCJXw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced social awareness depends on foundational advanced empathy skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_vAP_A986IQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bqL8DD1SbV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring weathering and erosion rates requires 'weathering', 'erosion', and 'deposition' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_vAP_A986IQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m6UaSmrQVG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand erosion prevention before measuring weathering/erosion effects systematically" }, { "topicId": "mt_vAP_A986IQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R6YoRXkRxS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rock properties knowledge supports understanding how weathering breaks down different rocks" }, { "topicId": "mt_vauULTecMH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Developed narrative requires craft vocabulary including 'structure', 'voice', 'technique', and 'style'" }, { "topicId": "mt_vauULTecMH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nDAcXoPa0c", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Developed narrative with settings/characters/plot builds on simple sequential narrative writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_VAWV_l7J0D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mr_Vk7FGzK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word problems to 20 require the procedural ability to add/subtract to 20" }, { "topicId": "mt_VAWV_l7J0D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yJmvUCCym7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Word problems to 20 extend from word problems within 10 — same problem structures at a higher range" }, { "topicId": "mt_VBl1T1sFCM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YPSx5pbpVl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding vibrating materials and sound requires 'vibration' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_VBl1T1sFCM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZL9qVVnpwN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand how sound works before designing a communication device using it" }, { "topicId": "mt_VEwM7ClYYE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aFvsj35QzC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding main topic and key details of informational texts supports discussing how items of information are related" }, { "topicId": "mt_VEwM7ClYYE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_E5KC4AnRLW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Retelling key details builds on Y1 key details and inference" }, { "topicId": "mt_VEwM7ClYYE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Listening comprehension supports understanding text structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_VEwM7ClYYE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sSQlLOnAow", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sequence and central message build on Y1 story elements" }, { "topicId": "mt_VEwM7ClYYE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V-ldQp56bF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Expressive reading supports comprehension of sequence and meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_VFsuftfvYM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_76SPWvdI7r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading/writing to 1000 extends reading/writing to 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_VFsuftfvYM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expanded form requires understanding hundreds, tens, ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_vFT_GbkP9m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Hah24nbToi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand switches and circuits before investigating voltage effects" }, { "topicId": "mt_vFT_GbkP9m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NzCNuABT3E", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Associating brightness with voltage requires 'voltage', 'current', and 'series circuit' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_vFT_GbkP9m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X_aDUBh-HF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Energy transfer concept supports understanding voltage as energy per charge" }, { "topicId": "mt_vFYFvgrPgD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6nqVnVdexe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Republic-to-Empire needs Roman society context from 7-9" }, { "topicId": "mt_vFYFvgrPgD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8ad4U6msea", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing Republic and Empire requires understanding Athenian democracy first" }, { "topicId": "mt_VgOePicFYK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_09sySPqM9Z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fraction as sum of unit fractions is prerequisite to decomposing and adding/subtracting" }, { "topicId": "mt_VgOePicFYK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CBHwluE6Lp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 add/sub fractions same denom is prerequisite to decomposition and joining/separating" }, { "topicId": "mt_VhBH8wrFC6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ylXdiVRAYv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing picture/bar graphs extends organising and representing data" }, { "topicId": "mt_vHzVa3SURC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KwdjWEmMNo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Substitution requires understanding algebraic notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_Vi4Vo5xs_g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NaqEP8xDhZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "10ths as 100ths supports using decimal notation for both" }, { "topicId": "mt_Vi4Vo5xs_g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 decimal equivalents of 10ths/100ths is prerequisite to formal decimal notation for fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_Vi4Vo5xs_g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W17Kbwm0-u", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using decimal notation for fractions requires decimal, tenths, and hundredths vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_VI5kdtf28e", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Environmental change knowledge supports understanding how resource use affects environment" }, { "topicId": "mt_VI5kdtf28e", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X_aDUBh-HF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand energy transfer before learning about natural resources as energy sources" }, { "topicId": "mt_VI5kdtf28e", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YB0qF5KX9C", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing how energy and fuels affect the environment requires 'renewable', 'non-renewable', and 'fossil fuel' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_vJO5Bxk4z-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XirhnAB6Ye", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must ask questions before learning to observe closely" }, { "topicId": "mt_vJUa62bxeR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Mnodea7mG_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Making/describing 3-D shapes requires knowing their properties (edges, vertices, faces)" }, { "topicId": "mt_vJUa62bxeR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing 2-D shapes requires knowing their properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_vJUa62bxeR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vnJEztczji", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Drawing 2-D shapes and making 3-D shapes from materials is supported by being able to sketch and interpret nets" }, { "topicId": "mt_VjxyJLtIbT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mMMXD4v9Sh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Roman builders need geographic context" }, { "topicId": "mt_VjxyJLtIbT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zh_RyesCgZ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Roman soldiers build on knowing Rome exists as a civilisation" }, { "topicId": "mt_V_kAitNbLN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bEvMBUv4eG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scribes' elite status benefits from understanding the social hierarchy" }, { "topicId": "mt_V_kAitNbLN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_frDIaXzWbx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing how the English alphabet maps symbols to sounds enriches the study of Champollion's decipherment of the hieroglyphic code on the Rosetta Stone" }, { "topicId": "mt_V_kAitNbLN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iFkd0CTwlA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rosetta Stone and Champollion builds on basic hieroglyphs and scribes" }, { "topicId": "mt_VKW8lOcFaw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AabJisinfi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding scaling requires knowing how fraction multiplication works" }, { "topicId": "mt_VKW8lOcFaw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ebPelt-qAl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Relating n/n × a/b to equivalence connects to equivalent fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_VKW8lOcFaw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gx6KQK5-Kx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Interpreting fraction multiplication as scaling is enriched by the prior area-model experience of tiling fractional rectangles, which makes the resizing effect concrete" }, { "topicId": "mt_V-ldQp56bF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding sentence structure supports expressive phrasing" }, { "topicId": "mt_V-ldQp56bF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OgJPbGkrYk", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Wider GPC knowledge supports fluent reading" }, { "topicId": "mt_V-ldQp56bF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZhvwM6LMBL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expressive reading builds on basic reading fluency" }, { "topicId": "mt_VLu59hpQ4T", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oL9s_bufDp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Categorisation supports understanding shades of meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_vmQJAtAFuy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xAf2bu9wYK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Probability as a fraction requires expressing one quantity as a fraction of another" }, { "topicId": "mt_vmQJAtAFuy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Zt30Gxi-qp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The formal KS3 treatment of probability as a 0-1 scale with fairness and equally-likely outcomes formalises what was practised in the age-10-11 calculation node" }, { "topicId": "mt_VMS3kDQ8sA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0QJoKWABdC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Commas after fronted adverbials is a specific clarity use; this topic generalises that pattern to all ambiguity-prevention contexts" }, { "topicId": "mt_VMS3kDQ8sA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Commas for clarity build on basic comma knowledge; learners must use commas in lists before understanding how commas prevent ambiguity" }, { "topicId": "mt_vmW2cb5c7A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MWXPiaTnEu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mental calculations with mixed ops/large numbers extends Y5 mental A+S" }, { "topicId": "mt_vmW2cb5c7A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XLP1IM3Qbb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mental strategies build on understanding of formal multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_VP9yZJ1xeP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6nqVnVdexe", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Gladiators and Pompeii extend Roman daily life and engineering topics" }, { "topicId": "mt_VP9yZJ1xeP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MlD0gwLSw9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Colosseum and gladiators are part of imperial Roman culture" }, { "topicId": "mt_VP9yZJ1xeP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pompeii's destruction by Vesuvius connects to basic volcano knowledge from Volcanoes domain" }, { "topicId": "mt_vpMDMbx4pc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CrGnpVjnk8", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Making a product helps understand what customers want" }, { "topicId": "mt_vpMDMbx4pc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SbEaQnMQoD", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand buyers and sellers before exploring customer concept in depth" }, { "topicId": "mt_-vsLvsxp0L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Animal babies builds on knowing animals live in diverse environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_VtqvUORa8K", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZBMcX2oRor", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Multimedia presentations builds on visual displays" }, { "topicId": "mt_vuNjYx3qOy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AiWlJfvC3O", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Moments and pressure are applications of force — understanding forces as vectors and resultant forces provides the foundation" }, { "topicId": "mt_vuNjYx3qOy", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Q2k3fSwyzQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 moments and mechanical advantage extends KS2 introduction to levers, pulleys and gears allowing smaller force for greater effect" }, { "topicId": "mt_VUQNveSYjQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jHgRQ4hR0g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding order of operations (BODMAS) is required before studying how operations undo each other via inverse relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_VUQNveSYjQ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RXnyhCRYXA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency with all four operations in context is required before formalising inverse relationships between them" }, { "topicId": "mt_VVn1IXjkzn", "prerequisiteId": "mt_U9sme87C32", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Error intervals require understanding rounding to specified accuracy" }, { "topicId": "mt_VVx0hPPSKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cU3LcEVkBQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ordering multiple adjectives by conventional pattern builds on the foundational skill of using expanded noun phrases" }, { "topicId": "mt_VVx0hPPSKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EbiGRVK8uR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ordering adjectives within expanded noun phrases requires prior facility with expanding NPs using modifiers" }, { "topicId": "mt_VVx0hPPSKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j351evNNnB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Correctly ordering adjectives is enriched by the prior distinction between adjectives (modifying nouns) and adverbs (modifying verbs)" }, { "topicId": "mt_VVx0hPPSKi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_X1L9DoUwjF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Adjective order requires familiarity with adjective types; comparative/superlative work establishes adjective awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_V_wIdRZLsG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oLHXfLujmh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Nocturnal animals often use homes (burrows, dens) as daytime shelters" }, { "topicId": "mt_V_wIdRZLsG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Nocturnal animals builds on knowing animals exist in diverse environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_VXcua6-txq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WzOyJFKDIu", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Acquiring the specialist vocabulary of historical thinking (source, bias, chronology, corroborate) builds on the academic vocabulary development taught in English" }, { "topicId": "mt_vXRzMbiPff", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M2v1A9OEuM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting backwards through zero extends counting backwards within 1000" }, { "topicId": "mt_VY3rBq8RyP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Listening and responding supports learning prepositions" }, { "topicId": "mt_w2A8D76ymp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jvg_r4yWaY", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Energy resources convert between energy stores — understanding the energy stores model gives the conceptual framework for comparing resources" }, { "topicId": "mt_w2A8D76ymp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mTpV-0rtkO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating fossil fuels vs renewables links directly to atmospheric CO₂, climate change, and resource depletion" }, { "topicId": "mt_w2u9bXP9n7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4bJiGiMPmy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rock pools are a coastal habitat; benefits from knowing about coasts" }, { "topicId": "mt_w2u9bXP9n7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ytUG3yjCYt", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rock pool exploration benefits from knowing ocean animals are diverse" }, { "topicId": "mt_w2xiMNkyyX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fI-8iqf_Id", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Seasons concept benefits from knowing Earth orbits Sun" }, { "topicId": "mt_w2xiMNkyyX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u3Y3Tb-G_n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Sun-centred system before understanding Earth's rotation and orbit within it" }, { "topicId": "mt_W4j7T_PnGH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dSeFrAWE4v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Eruption types build on volcano classification" }, { "topicId": "mt_W4j7T_PnGH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-JnOhdei6F", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Eruption types benefit from plate boundary context" }, { "topicId": "mt_W4j7T_PnGH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QtIAWOcoQT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Eruption types depend on understanding magma and internal volcano structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_w4nSIDhIgC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ag9NSWJu-X", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding group roles requires vocabulary including 'mediator', 'leader', and 'peer pressure'" }, { "topicId": "mt_w4nSIDhIgC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QxsoqVUt6u", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding group roles builds on group work experience" }, { "topicId": "mt_w4OYcWJs6H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OnV_DTp5i8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ecosystems as systems builds on food web understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_w4OYcWJs6H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sQpIV0-qY7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ecosystem concept requires understanding different ocean zones" }, { "topicId": "mt_w4OYcWJs6H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean ecosystems concept enriched by curriculum concept that environments change" }, { "topicId": "mt_w4wKFP3jud", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aFvsj35QzC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing connections in informational text builds on identifying main topic and key details" }, { "topicId": "mt_w4wKFP3jud", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QCWWmDMYZR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying logical connections between paragraphs builds on multi-paragraph main idea work" }, { "topicId": "mt_w4wKFP3jud", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r8XnXwRA6g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-subject: understanding informational text connections (e.g. texts with charts/graphs) benefits from data representation literacy in maths" }, { "topicId": "mt_W5euSyU2sO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FNSeo9_T2Z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand basic money safety before learning about sophisticated scams" }, { "topicId": "mt_W5euSyU2sO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K8_RYIvrTV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand digital payments before learning about online financial fraud" }, { "topicId": "mt_W5euSyU2sO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tzMr83pS8v", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: understanding AI-generated fake content (AI) enriches online scam awareness (Money & Finance)" }, { "topicId": "mt_w5HzPpOUmj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LxK9OKZQZX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Wave interactions with materials (absorption, transmission, reflection) require the wave properties framework" }, { "topicId": "mt_w5HzPpOUmj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XSp-S0wter", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing how different materials interact with different EM waves requires understanding the full EM spectrum" }, { "topicId": "mt_w6MxaaoMXZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Lb2ZnMdkYR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explaining patterns uses properties of operations" }, { "topicId": "mt_w6MxaaoMXZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WX30dzi4dt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Spotting patterns in tables requires knowing the facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_w83U-_noVR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Sc_SorJhXW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding ceramics, polymers and composites is enriched by knowledge of metal and non-metal properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_W8Eq3CqWJf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AVk2EmSULC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the planet names before learning features of each" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wa44s-f8Ws", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vJO5Bxk4z-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe closely before performing simple tests" }, { "topicId": "mt_WBdHkc2HTf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hVpGOEz2kG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding linear graphs requires confident coordinate plotting" }, { "topicId": "mt_WBdHkc2HTf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vHzVa3SURC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Interpreting y = mx + c requires substitution to generate coordinate pairs" }, { "topicId": "mt_WBdHkc2HTf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z5iwdZyeDr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising the relationship between y=mx+c and its graph requires moving fluently between algebraic and graphical representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_wB-GBDkoNr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3y7xKP9MjU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fraction-of-quantity skills support measure/money problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_wB-GBDkoNr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_CBHwluE6Lp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fraction addition/subtraction supports measure/money problem-solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_wB-GBDkoNr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TqDq6jyOmL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand decimal notation for measure/money problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wc6cOTQ1bA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UHQfb-n-w3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Right/wrong benefits from understanding consequences" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wc6cOTQ1bA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uTKgmWqSoI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Distinguishing right from wrong requires vocabulary including 'honest', 'fair', 'trust', and 'right and wrong'" }, { "topicId": "mt_W_CNRTBgYR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H1pAi4F_Oh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Deepens basic Greek gods knowledge from 5-7" }, { "topicId": "mt__we2TDqnJx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e8CZ7E5qW7", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 10 requires knowing number bonds to 10" }, { "topicId": "mt__we2TDqnJx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ghF3Vv6taM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 10 extends from fluency within 5" }, { "topicId": "mt_wE7-Gs9ENL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6oxQPNLHNv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring perimeter requires measuring lengths and adding them" }, { "topicId": "mt_wE7-Gs9ENL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Perimeter of 2-D shapes requires knowing shape properties (number of sides)" }, { "topicId": "mt_wfEfQuHOG-", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Z_Wu_77ybI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The periodic table organises elements by their atomic structure — atoms and elements must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_WfrE_4r-kY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4m8BimI4G5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "12/24hr clock reading builds on telling time to 5 minutes with am/pm" }, { "topicId": "mt_wf-SJhZ1kC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_auVZZEuXjs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know material properties before investigating how shapes change" }, { "topicId": "mt_wGxq92Na5g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Summarising distinct from opinion builds on KS2 identifying main ideas and summarising" }, { "topicId": "mt_wGxq92Na5g", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yHQacItlhf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Theme analysis extends KS2 identifying recurring themes" }, { "topicId": "mt_wh3UqnWsa7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GRWwTDZ3wD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Arrays are a key representation for solving multiplication/division problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_wh3UqnWsa7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HhuSDxwDNM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving multiplication/division problems requires knowing the table facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_wHN14Unk7h", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R7LEuZjTmx", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Bee dance is a key communication example; insect knowledge enriches it" }, { "topicId": "mt_wHN14Unk7h", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Communication needs awareness of animal diversity" }, { "topicId": "mt_WkKkb7W9Qd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8dstvf-KKb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Checking whether a maths answer makes sense applies the universal self-checking habit to a mathematical context" }, { "topicId": "mt_WkKkb7W9Qd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Problem sense-making at 5-6 requires cardinality understanding to make sense of 'how many' problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_WkKkb7W9Qd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mLPEMpYb_R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Making sense of word problems requires listening comprehension skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_WkKkb7W9Qd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OvyoRo47K-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Making sense of addition problems requires understanding addition as combining" }, { "topicId": "mt_WkKkb7W9Qd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S4G6GLKr1-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Mathematical perseverance with problems is the domain-specific application of the universal persistence habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_WKxX-b86Vr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_82KKv0Fca3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Opinion writing with a point of view requires 'argument', 'evidence', 'perspective', and 'formal' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_WKxX-b86Vr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_91f1XFvGZq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Structured opinion with reasons and linking words builds on stating a simple opinion/preference" }, { "topicId": "mt_WNBHZ1d94L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_0B64gfJf7j", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand germination before learning full life cycle including seed dispersal" }, { "topicId": "mt_WNBHZ1d94L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6xsEXxKdUX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know flower function before understanding pollination and seed formation" }, { "topicId": "mt_wPgpMJ0-PA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LlMl2PbaZe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "×÷ by 10/100/1000 to 3dp extends Y5 ×÷ by 10/100/1000" }, { "topicId": "mt_wPgpMJ0-PA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lNGpnILM5C", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding digit shifting requires knowing what each decimal place represents" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wpvuz3mvBq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1VSFoM44JU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand trace fossils before analysing trackways" }, { "topicId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Listening skills support understanding complex sentence structures" }, { "topicId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand sentences before combining clauses" }, { "topicId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u1-UfD0rTH", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding sentence types supports creating complex sentences" }, { "topicId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YXVQaufkKO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to join with 'and' before learning subordination and other co-ordinating conjunctions" }, { "topicId": "mt_wQ89AEXhz3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HhuSDxwDNM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "3, 4, 8 times tables build on known 2, 5, 10 tables" }, { "topicId": "mt_wQ89AEXhz3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IzQvs7k_sE", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Counting in 4s and 8s supports learning those table facts" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wr6DDgr_kH", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BI6oGIO-xM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what minibeasts are before studying a specific life cycle" }, { "topicId": "mt_WRlJ0-hAOG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Eehl12cSnN", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing story elements builds on describing characters in depth" }, { "topicId": "mt_WRRv1ABECC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XbGfVhfiUz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know what computers are before sorting smart vs not-smart things" }, { "topicId": "mt_WsM4EmdOLe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_MCu_SNg_OW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Long division by 2-digit extends Y5 short division by 1-digit" }, { "topicId": "mt_WsM4EmdOLe", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XLP1IM3Qbb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Checking division with multiplication requires fluent multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_WtcFrxGOgw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GzcJEVkNRn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Area of rectangles supports exploring same-perimeter-different-area relationships" }, { "topicId": "mt_WtcFrxGOgw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wE7-Gs9ENL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring perimeter of simple shapes is prerequisite to perimeter problem solving" }, { "topicId": "mt_WtIFJSCQIT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8H2kO4k2B9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing regular polygons requires knowing the distinction from KS2" }, { "topicId": "mt_WtIFJSCQIT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_liIW336odh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 geometric notation builds on KS2 shape classification and property language" }, { "topicId": "mt_WtO50EZQkf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JiZ3H90Xg8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ethical decision-making depends on foundational advanced decision-making skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_WtO50EZQkf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zIzJGkaj0Q", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced ethical decision-making depends on earlier decision-making foundations" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wu-ftkzoiE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BLQ2_OXPod", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding tsunamis benefits from knowing eruptions are powerful" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wu-ftkzoiE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e29VrLfmYt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wu-ftkzoiE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NVr4AhsvIq", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Tsunamis also caused by earthquakes, so understanding earthquake causes helps" }, { "topicId": "mt_wUSbRt3-qw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vJUa62bxeR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y3 drawing 2D and making 3D shapes is prerequisite to identifying 3D from 2D representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_wUSbRt3-qw", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vnJEztczji", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying 3-D shapes from 2-D representations requires understanding the relationship between a net and its solid" }, { "topicId": "mt_wUyAZJikAA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ntqNLHsj5n", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Punctuating bullet-pointed lists builds on the comma conventions for separating listed items within a sentence" }, { "topicId": "mt_wUyAZJikAA", "prerequisiteId": "mt_uycuqPaiJ1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Bullet point punctuation relates to list formatting" }, { "topicId": "mt_wvcFlwOrDl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_32B7xjUPwF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Spotting patterns across domains is an extension of the habit of connecting new ideas to existing ones" }, { "topicId": "mt_wwdRhPyz6s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Listening and responding foundational to conversation" }, { "topicId": "mt_wwdRhPyz6s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_n6GhzDPllD", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Conversational skills provide foundation for evaluating viewpoints" }, { "topicId": "mt__wWHVvqMWb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6EfevRyeFW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mechanistic explanation of hurricanes and extreme weather depends on extreme weather overview" }, { "topicId": "mt__wWHVvqMWb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iYOcfzFqMw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mechanistic explanation of hurricanes and tornadoes depends on global atmospheric circulation patterns" }, { "topicId": "mt__wWHVvqMWb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_olFzbawexJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extreme weather attribution science requires understanding climate models, connecting to broader climate science methodology" }, { "topicId": "mt_wWlZoLQBR6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2GDBmKCJxs", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Corroboration builds directly on the understanding that accounts can differ — it is the systematic practice of comparing those differences" }, { "topicId": "mt_wWlZoLQBR6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hbe_kdE_7C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Corroboration involves forming a generalisation from multiple instances of evidence — the universal generalisation habit applied to historical sources" }, { "topicId": "mt_wWlZoLQBR6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_TTzJTF-OkG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Corroborating across sources requires first knowing how to evaluate each source individually through sourcing" }, { "topicId": "mt_wWlZoLQBR6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VXcua6-txq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Corroborating sources requires the term 'corroborate' and 'evidence'" }, { "topicId": "mt_wWlZoLQBR6", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZxdfRbwkKM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Corroborating information across multiple historical sources requires the skill of drawing and evaluating evidence from informational texts, as taught in English" }, { "topicId": "mt_wWpa5fFDZP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pollinator importance is a specific case of ecosystem interdependence — the broader concept comes first" }, { "topicId": "mt_wWpa5fFDZP", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WNBHZ1d94L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding why pollinator decline threatens food security requires knowing that plants reproduce via pollination — covered in KS2 plant lifecycle" }, { "topicId": "mt_WX30dzi4dt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GDG9_SZmsO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using mult/div relationship as strategy supports fluency" }, { "topicId": "mt_WX30dzi4dt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HhuSDxwDNM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 100 builds on knowing 2/5/10 tables" }, { "topicId": "mt_WX30dzi4dt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wQ89AEXhz3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Fluency within 100 builds on knowing 3/4/8 tables" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wx5m6mwkpj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-0cjwyYhce", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adaptations relate to specific layers (buttress roots for tall canopy trees, epiphytes reaching light)" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wx5m6mwkpj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_x5ZrQMAZ5v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know rainforest plants before learning how they are adapted" }, { "topicId": "mt_WXW0hjNhph", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M5PPDJStGm", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Number sequence experience supports recognising patterns and sequences" }, { "topicId": "mt_WXW0hjNhph", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Skip counting patterns support general pattern recognition" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cM8YS6NXqi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand how habitats support organisms before understanding what happens when they change" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EygMHKs8Ed", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Food chain knowledge helps understand knock-on effects of environmental change" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wyd-l-6H7G", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Fw0bbM1e_g", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Discussing how environments change and pose dangers uses habitat and conditions vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_wzAZ8qFDc4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UQnAFPs83F", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving real problems with mental/written methods requires the procedural skill of adding/subtracting two-digit numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_wzAZ8qFDc4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VAWV_l7J0D", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Problem-solving in context extends from Y1 word problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wzj1RETm9A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_olFzbawexJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Evaluating decarbonisation pathways and geoengineering depends on climate science methodology and proxy evidence" }, { "topicId": "mt_Wzj1RETm9A", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w2A8D76ymp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 renewable vs non-renewable energy provides the energy system context for evaluating decarbonisation pathways" }, { "topicId": "mt_WZnwITSWr8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_saW7PxtPxw", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using reference materials extends KS2 using thesaurus for synonyms" }, { "topicId": "mt_WZnwITSWr8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_y8sicbhMci", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 word-solving extends KS2 etymological patterns (Greek, French, Latin)" }, { "topicId": "mt_WzOyJFKDIu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6-MYToNZ39", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Academic and domain-specific vocabulary acquisition builds on the habit of discussing word meanings and linking new vocabulary to known words" }, { "topicId": "mt_WzOyJFKDIu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_f_dMmvzxwo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Defining academic words requires the ability to define words by category and attribute" }, { "topicId": "mt_wzUzVEBqJb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wRlf0g2MbB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding that others have perspectives and feelings requires the vocabulary of empathy and perspective" }, { "topicId": "mt_X0Tr8IYaEd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hbe_kdE_7C", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating whether a pattern is truly causal requires the universal generalisation habit — asking whether the rule you think you've spotted actually holds across cases" }, { "topicId": "mt_X0Tr8IYaEd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QrVF5n7vci", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising that correlation is not causation requires the habit of generating alternative explanations — the correlation/causation distinction is a specific case of asking 'is there another explanation?'" }, { "topicId": "mt_X1L9DoUwjF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j351evNNnB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparative/superlative forms build on distinguishing adjectives from adverbs" }, { "topicId": "mt_x2sWtfTeYT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmFnJzxKwz", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing narrative perspective requires citing evidence for how the narrator shapes meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_x2sWtfTeYT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Hqz5y_tWz2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Point of view analysis requires understanding character development and plot structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_X4CJpPRxae", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z9jn9HogfE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Arctic geography before learning about the tundra biome" }, { "topicId": "mt_X5cypSGoGU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jHgRQ4hR0g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Order of operations with powers/roots extends Y6 BODMAS understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_x5ZrQMAZ5v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-0cjwyYhce", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plants taught in context of layers (epiphytes in canopy, lianas climbing trunks)" }, { "topicId": "mt_X7Tu94-a2m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HBcvu0UxYe", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding friendship changes builds on knowing what makes a good friend" }, { "topicId": "mt_X7Tu94-a2m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iWGnyUyN2j", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Navigating friendship changes benefits from conflict resolution skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_x8TshvbbQT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fR0UtsSREU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading/writing numerals to 100 extends from reading/writing numerals to 20" }, { "topicId": "mt_x8TshvbbQT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M5PPDJStGm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading/writing numerals to 100 requires fluent rote counting to 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_xACS3rWWDp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_g3W0mdADVu", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Partitioning into fourths/quarters extends from Y1 understanding of quarters" }, { "topicId": "mt_xACS3rWWDp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-hTTat0mBR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Partitioning shapes into halves extends from Y1 understanding of halves" }, { "topicId": "mt_X_aDUBh-HF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4i-FKXDDXh", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Light knowledge supports understanding energy transfer by light" }, { "topicId": "mt_X_aDUBh-HF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_akBotspaf2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing energy transfer by sound, light, heat, and electric current requires energy type vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_X_aDUBh-HF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DA7-JYRvtP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know circuits before understanding energy transfer by electric current" }, { "topicId": "mt_X_aDUBh-HF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VBl1T1sFCM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sound knowledge supports understanding energy transfer by sound" }, { "topicId": "mt_xAf2bu9wYK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_14T5yPXUq_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators is needed when comparing fractional parts" }, { "topicId": "mt_xAf2bu9wYK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4K1dr204Hi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Expressing one quantity as a fraction of another requires fluent fraction-decimal equivalence" }, { "topicId": "mt_xAf2bu9wYK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Expressing one quantity as a fraction of another uses 'proportion' and 'multiplicative relationship' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_xAG0aMeAIN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kgTN6yk4oE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Advanced architectural analysis depends on understanding Egyptian monumental construction context" }, { "topicId": "mt_xAG0aMeAIN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Lu4H4mbsqO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating evidence against the alien-builder and slave-labour myths is the evidence-vs-interpretation distinction applied to a specific historical controversy" }, { "topicId": "mt_xAG0aMeAIN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Evaluating competing explanations (e.g., who built the pyramids?) requires the argument-construction and evidence-weighing skills from English persuasive and analytical writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_xAG0aMeAIN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wWlZoLQBR6", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing archaeological evidence from worker villages against popular myths requires corroborating across multiple source types" }, { "topicId": "mt_xE_b3JiDZU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2OSTHTWDpa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand deforestation drivers before linking them to consumer products" }, { "topicId": "mt_xE_b3JiDZU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_s08-QxASd2", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know basic rainforest foods before understanding global supply chains" }, { "topicId": "mt_XeMZdf2Y9W", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1KCwbGvm1F", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Print concepts needed to understand book features" }, { "topicId": "mt_xfwv0M83mJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8H2kO4k2B9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Regular/irregular polygon vocabulary exercises geometric precision" }, { "topicId": "mt_xfwv0M83mJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gxCIASSezX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Square/cube notation exercises precision in mathematical communication" }, { "topicId": "mt_xfwv0M83mJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mywsN77hGZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 8-9 precision is prerequisite to age 9-10 level" }, { "topicId": "mt_XfyqXLqzpx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3fwYu7imd4", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The formal mutually-exclusive outcomes rule extends the simpler complement rule introduced at age 10-11" }, { "topicId": "mt_XfyqXLqzpx", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vmQJAtAFuy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Probabilities summing to 1 builds directly on understanding the probability scale" }, { "topicId": "mt_XG4RqUIXm8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BLQ2_OXPod", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding Pompeii's destruction requires knowing eruptions are powerful" }, { "topicId": "mt_XG4RqUIXm8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QtIAWOcoQT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pompeii story is enriched by understanding volcano internal structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_XG4RqUIXm8", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S9SKah-yi_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pompeii story requires understanding what a volcano is and what eruptions do" }, { "topicId": "mt_xhoOWnhtHq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FHIAv6dfhU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "HCF/LCM/prime factorisation extends Y5-6 factor pairs and common factors/multiples" }, { "topicId": "mt_XirhnAB6Ye", "prerequisiteId": "mt_f8n4txtLej", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Formulating scientific questions builds on the general skill of asking relevant questions to extend understanding, developed in English speaking and listening" }, { "topicId": "mt_XirhnAB6Ye", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Hw70LI5xza", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asking good scientific questions requires noticing the distinction between observation and interpretation — a question like 'why did this happen?' only makes sense once you've separated what you saw from what you inferred" }, { "topicId": "mt_XirhnAB6Ye", "prerequisiteId": "mt_klyw-tdlhP", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asking scientific questions is the science-domain expression of the universal comprehension-monitoring habit: noticing what you don't yet understand" }, { "topicId": "mt_XirhnAB6Ye", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S4G6GLKr1-", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scientific enquiry requires persistence through uncertainty — the universal persistence habit underpins willingness to keep investigating" }, { "topicId": "mt_xjl6AEhnjk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5n-O41lUgn", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Personal connection to text supports understanding character perspectives" }, { "topicId": "mt_xjl6AEhnjk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9NQEiYLQA3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing characters' points of view in literature requires the perspective-taking ability developed through SEL — understanding that people genuinely experience the same events differently" }, { "topicId": "mt_xjl6AEhnjk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GLY3R3YSlf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing characters across stories builds on general text comparison skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_xjl6AEhnjk", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zlSoIKPyId", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Character analysis and POV identification requires understanding of characters, settings, and events" }, { "topicId": "mt_XjwUlmxdCT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KJeEeTutJI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Composing shapes requires recognising the component shapes" }, { "topicId": "mt_XjwUlmxdCT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yGv8doDAmp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Composing shapes benefits from understanding shape attributes to know how pieces fit together" }, { "topicId": "mt_XK7NYt61cO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_y8sicbhMci", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Silent letters are remnants of etymology; etymological spelling pattern knowledge provides the framework for understanding why letters are present but silent" }, { "topicId": "mt_xkn2sf93WJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tXxxCFl32J", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Testing F = ma experimentally requires knowing the relationship between force, mass and acceleration" }, { "topicId": "mt_xkn2sf93WJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vuNjYx3qOy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The Hooke's Law investigation requires knowing the law before planning the experiment" }, { "topicId": "mt_XL2gqdKJfu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-0cjwyYhce", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Minibeasts live at specific layers (leaf-cutter ants on forest floor)" }, { "topicId": "mt_XL2gqdKJfu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BI6oGIO-xM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding what a minibeast is helps learn about rainforest minibeasts (Insects 5-7 -> Rainforests 5-7)" }, { "topicId": "mt_XL2gqdKJfu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xVW5U41tbp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Minibeasts are a subset of rainforest animals; knowing the broader animal diversity helps" }, { "topicId": "mt_x_Lg4RASVU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_p1imGSFgJT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Greek and Latin roots/affixes knowledge builds on word family exploration; learners must understand how words relate through shared roots before systematically studying classical roots" }, { "topicId": "mt_x_Lg4RASVU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_T6nrrf2K43", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Prefix knowledge from Y3-4 provides the foundation for learning Greek and Latin prefix meanings" }, { "topicId": "mt_XLP1IM3Qbb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q9EaJc2FP8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Long multiplication 4×2 extends Y5 multiplication up to 4×1 and 2×2" }, { "topicId": "mt_XlyF294bPR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PiWZA8Z0ZJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the Sun and stars before learning about planets and the solar system" }, { "topicId": "mt_xmmgAzxe5j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding tens-and-ones composition requires cardinality — knowing numbers represent quantities" }, { "topicId": "mt_xmmgAzxe5j", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fR0UtsSREU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Composing/decomposing teen numbers requires reading and writing those numerals" }, { "topicId": "mt_xMt1TLTs--", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5NwqN6pf_A", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must round numbers before solving problems involving rounding" }, { "topicId": "mt_xMt1TLTs--", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JwP9QFv6gQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must read/write/compare numbers before solving problems with them" }, { "topicId": "mt_XMz_ohNjYO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_14F_x1Xwwp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Alexander's conquests follow the Persian Wars — same geographic/military context" }, { "topicId": "mt_XMz_ohNjYO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cUMUYkDqZp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Alexander was Aristotle's student" }, { "topicId": "mt_XNmGwNggdU", "prerequisiteId": "mt__casygEB85", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving number problems involves rounding" }, { "topicId": "mt_XNmGwNggdU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Gag_h98jWP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Number problems to 10M requires reading/comparing to 10M" }, { "topicId": "mt_XNmGwNggdU", "prerequisiteId": "mt_RVK655t391", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Negative number problems may appear in context" }, { "topicId": "mt_XnRhhEqJLJ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sMAcZW6vWM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiple main ideas builds on summarising single main idea" }, { "topicId": "mt_xppl18avyY", "prerequisiteId": "mt__h7hvT4tEb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sorting categories by count benefits from ability to compare quantities" }, { "topicId": "mt_xppl18avyY", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yqAL6O5i_v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting objects in each category requires being able to count sets of objects" }, { "topicId": "mt_xPqczp7zPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Mental add/sub of hundreds requires three-digit PV" }, { "topicId": "mt_xPqczp7zPX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_izien3ZX51", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends finding 100 more/less to adding arbitrary multiples of 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_Xp-rj46S2w", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hyvHv2BCwb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding equal shares of different shapes requires concept of more shares = smaller" }, { "topicId": "mt_Xp-rj46S2w", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xACS3rWWDp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends partitioning from halves/fourths to include thirds" }, { "topicId": "mt_XrvPx5kUfO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bhwf_rDXQL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Plate concept explains the patterns of where earthquakes/volcanoes occur" }, { "topicId": "mt_XrvPx5kUfO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-G6erQvLig", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Tectonic plates concept benefits from prior map-reading of Earth's features" }, { "topicId": "mt_XrvPx5kUfO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jwElFY7Syd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tectonic plates are pieces of the crust (requires knowing Earth has layers)" }, { "topicId": "mt_xSgAgg9Ej_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_UcGn2hjhYU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding what 'equally likely' means is a specific case of comparing likelihoods that requires the general comparison skill first" }, { "topicId": "mt_xsk3iuNVVI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_OlhMP7ShFT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multimedia analysis builds on relating illustrations to text" }, { "topicId": "mt_XSp-S0wter", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LxK9OKZQZX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The electromagnetic spectrum is understood as a family of transverse waves — requires the general wave properties framework" }, { "topicId": "mt_XSp-S0wter", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PifbJOuXrG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflection and refraction of light provides entry-point experience with one member of the EM spectrum" }, { "topicId": "mt_XSp-S0wter", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rbY77m8_s1", "strength": "soft", "reason": "EM spectrum as astronomy tool depends on knowing the full EM spectrum from radio to gamma" }, { "topicId": "mt_xSs0xAd6i1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JSUGQ5Repv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Biodiversity loss is a consequence of the environmental changes affecting species distribution" }, { "topicId": "mt_xSs0xAd6i1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Biodiversity's role in ecosystem resilience is best understood in the context of food webs and interdependence" }, { "topicId": "mt_XSXnTQoQ4l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Cg8VPguS_V", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 averages and spread extend KS2 mean calculation to include median, mode, and range" }, { "topicId": "mt_XSXnTQoQ4l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_eKJG-0eC6D", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing and comparing statistical distributions requires constructing and reading frequency tables, bar charts, and pie charts" }, { "topicId": "mt_XSXnTQoQ4l", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fmm-P17Vka", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing distributions using mean, median, mode, and range requires all these statistical terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_Xt1cRqaBOW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying 2D shape properties is prerequisite to classifying by shared attributes" }, { "topicId": "mt_Xt1cRqaBOW", "prerequisiteId": "mt_zuOGOGFAKb", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Recognising shapes by attributes is prerequisite to quadrilateral hierarchy classification" }, { "topicId": "mt_xT6jPzyj92", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j7cer_Nmor", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know plant names before learning about their parts" }, { "topicId": "mt_XuHmIn2xje", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SrrsLiJkr3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Formal written methods support solving more complex problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_XuHmIn2xje", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yTWxkzzoOZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Complex missing-number problems extend simpler word problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_XV0B4kWwqL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M5PPDJStGm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting to 120 extends fluent rote counting to 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_XV0B4kWwqL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_x8TshvbbQT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting and reading/writing to 120 extends from reading/writing numerals to 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_xVW5U41tbp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-0cjwyYhce", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Animals are taught in context of which layer they inhabit" }, { "topicId": "mt_xWg0lI_gG4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e4x3l2JeLI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing measured lengths requires ability to measure with tools" }, { "topicId": "mt_xWg0lI_gG4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_skYly2Qm01", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends ordering/comparing by length to expressing differences in standard units" }, { "topicId": "mt_XWSGuFW7It", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ratio notation (a:b) requires 'ratio', 'simplify', and 'equivalent' as defined terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_XWSGuFW7It", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FHIAv6dfhU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Simplifying ratios requires finding common factors — extends KS2 factor pairs and common factors" }, { "topicId": "mt_XWSGuFW7It", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FnUJMXPUZX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ratio notation and simplification extends KS2 unequal sharing and grouping with ratios" }, { "topicId": "mt_XWSGuFW7It", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FspV_imUGK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ratio notation and simplification is complemented by double number line representations" }, { "topicId": "mt_XxgU_91AXg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-0cjwyYhce", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adaptations relate to specific layers (prehensile tails in canopy, camouflage on forest floor)" }, { "topicId": "mt_XxgU_91AXg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xVW5U41tbp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know rainforest animals before learning how they are adapted" }, { "topicId": "mt_xYjD_kA70s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_j2idD_jq73", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Clause boundary punctuation builds on comma use with conjunctions" }, { "topicId": "mt_xYjD_kA70s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Semi-colons between clauses requires understanding of independent clauses" }, { "topicId": "mt_xZvDCYA5Ae", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GDG9_SZmsO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding unknown factors requires seeing division as unknown-factor problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_y1n0Zwhoca", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6xNmQLzuqm", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand unit squares and area concept before measuring by counting" }, { "topicId": "mt_y1XCVsIelg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FHIAv6dfhU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must find factor pairs before reasoning about which numbers have exactly 2 factors (primes)" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y2WcY2lOTK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5l7iGkf1Tp", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Curriculum spherical bodies/orbits topic underpins exploratory gravity understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y2WcY2lOTK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_w2xiMNkyyX", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand Earth's orbit and rotation before understanding gravity as the force maintaining them" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y6P9y1Rz-u", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6eTZUwKQZr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Asking 'why does this work?' requires first being able to explain what you know — interrogation builds on explanation" }, { "topicId": "mt_y8sicbhMci", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tHtjfjjFrl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Etymological spelling patterns extend the suffix and sound-spelling work from Y3" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y9k86G8BBT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AvrQauS_zX", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding gravity helps contextualise resistive forces opposing gravitational motion" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y9k86G8BBT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GBY8enpzO0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying air resistance, water resistance, and friction requires these force terms" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y9k86G8BBT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_k7GOtslF-x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying and explaining air resistance and friction requires drawing force arrows to show opposing forces" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y9k86G8BBT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-p_xp4hMvh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know friction from surface comparisons before learning about air/water resistance as similar forces" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y9XKzLrUAZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-hTTat0mBR", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding half and quarter turns benefits from the concept of halves and quarters" }, { "topicId": "mt_Y9XKzLrUAZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qeZYF6HZ4o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing movement and turns builds on positional language" }, { "topicId": "mt_y-BuQAfw4B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2OtRUM_0zW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Enlargement extends KS2 scale factor work with similar shapes" }, { "topicId": "mt_y-BuQAfw4B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K0Y15w48SY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Similarity and enlargement build on understanding rigid transformations first" }, { "topicId": "mt_y-BuQAfw4B", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XWSGuFW7It", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Similar shapes have sides in a constant ratio — connects to ratio notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_YbX3LD0Eca", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mB7DVai-Uf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "SEL listening skills build on curriculum speaking & listening foundations" }, { "topicId": "mt_YbX3LD0Eca", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NS5t-Jzlh8", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Active listening practice requires understanding the vocabulary of listening, agreeing, and disagreeing respectfully" }, { "topicId": "mt_yCmYV9ruQu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h-z88yf9Pn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The bystander/upstander distinction is entirely vocabulary-dependent — these specific terms must be taught first" }, { "topicId": "mt_yCmYV9ruQu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_I9iSzpGRn5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Bystander/upstander builds on understanding what bullying is" }, { "topicId": "mt_yCmYV9ruQu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lAvS72LOUO", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Being an upstander builds on caring for others" }, { "topicId": "mt_ydtcIBwHB9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VBl1T1sFCM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know sound comes from vibrations before learning vibrations travel through media" }, { "topicId": "mt_ydtcIBwHB9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YPSx5pbpVl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Describing vibrations travelling through a medium requires vibration vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_yDZbQODIwp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cpDpjJaE5u", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Engineering for earthquake safety parallels NGSS reducing impacts of natural Earth processes" }, { "topicId": "mt_yDZbQODIwp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_JmMtZCifJB", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Engineering for earthquake safety benefits from design-solution-for-hazard curriculum concept" }, { "topicId": "mt_yDZbQODIwp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-JnOhdei6F", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Engineering benefits from understanding why quakes happen at plate boundaries" }, { "topicId": "mt_yDZbQODIwp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mdZ3nBWChW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Engineering for safety requires understanding what earthquakes do and how they're measured" }, { "topicId": "mt_yDZbQODIwp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wu-ftkzoiE", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tsunami warning systems require understanding what tsunamis are" }, { "topicId": "mt_yefw2CQT4x", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qkl46lyris", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding joints, tendons and ligaments requires first knowing skeletal structure and function" }, { "topicId": "mt_YFS7JFk64p", "prerequisiteId": "mt_i9rJbuFO3p", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Finding pairs satisfying equations requires algebraic expression skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_yGv8doDAmp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KJeEeTutJI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing and comparing shapes requires being able to name them first" }, { "topicId": "mt_yGv8doDAmp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qcp2d_kuta", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Analysing 3-D shapes requires recognising and naming them" }, { "topicId": "mt_yhhprm7dZK", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R6YoRXkRxS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know about rocks before learning that soil comes from broken-down rock" }, { "topicId": "mt_yHQacItlhf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sSQlLOnAow", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying themes requires understanding story elements" }, { "topicId": "mt_yHQacItlhf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_thsY1ZesaU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Identifying recurring themes and conventions across a wide range of books is enriched by prior experience participating in group reading discussions — the ability to share and defend interpretations with peers develops the comparative thinking needed for theme analysis" }, { "topicId": "mt_yHQacItlhf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v33BwiyRnd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying themes and conventions builds on understanding central message/moral of individual stories" }, { "topicId": "mt_YHsUhi4Prc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_auJqTemMpI", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Correct use of SI units and significant figures in tables and axes is grounded in the precision/accuracy topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_YHsUhi4Prc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ChjMU2GDJa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Science inquiry recording data in tables and graphs draws on the bar chart and time graph skills from Math data representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_YHsUhi4Prc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rDjtmDogJr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 graphing (lines of best fit, gradients) extends KS2 ability to construct and interpret line graphs and scatter graphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_yJmvUCCym7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PgsHGYJMH-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving word problems within 10 requires ability to represent the operations with objects/drawings" }, { "topicId": "mt_yK51ZnKA8m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ATYLKt0je-", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiplicative relationships require 'multiplicative relationship', 'direct proportion', and 'rate' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_yK51ZnKA8m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FspV_imUGK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding multiplicative relationships as ratios or fractions is reinforced by the double number line and proportion graph" }, { "topicId": "mt_yK51ZnKA8m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WBdHkc2HTf", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Connecting ratios to linear functions links to understanding y = mx + c from algebra" }, { "topicId": "mt_yK51ZnKA8m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xAf2bu9wYK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Connecting ratios to fractions requires expressing quantities as fractions of each other" }, { "topicId": "mt_yK51ZnKA8m", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XWSGuFW7It", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding multiplicative relationships requires fluent ratio notation" }, { "topicId": "mt_YKkCM63fSC", "prerequisiteId": "mt_frDIaXzWbx", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need to recognise letters to read sight words" }, { "topicId": "mt_YKkCM63fSC", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Blending helps attempt unfamiliar words but sight words bypass phonics" }, { "topicId": "mt_ylFTYS80d1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tIi6L1n7kF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Performance connects to understanding how dramatists communicate through staging choices" }, { "topicId": "mt_ylruY6VhOf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_htAYR-iCFF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Developing a model of matter as particles too small to see is built on the particle diagram representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_ylruY6VhOf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must observe state changes before explaining them with particle model" }, { "topicId": "mt_ylruY6VhOf", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand observable states of matter before modelling them with particles" }, { "topicId": "mt_ylXdiVRAYv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Counting data in categories requires understanding cardinality" }, { "topicId": "mt_ylXdiVRAYv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_u5HkSxZECM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Organising and representing data requires data, tally, frequency, and category vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_ylXdiVRAYv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xppl18avyY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Organising data in categories builds on classifying and counting objects in categories" }, { "topicId": "mt_YNe6siFTFq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4GiE83rJF_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Rhyme awareness is essential for writing poetry" }, { "topicId": "mt_YNe6siFTFq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising literary language supports writing poetry" }, { "topicId": "mt_YNe6siFTFq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_o8ciHks8t2", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Writing poetry draws on 'compose', 'pattern', and 'genre' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_YNe6siFTFq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PJyCGJz5Hv", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Oral rehearsal supports composing poems aloud" }, { "topicId": "mt_YNe6siFTFq", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZBMcX2oRor", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reciting poems supports writing poetry — understanding performance element" }, { "topicId": "mt_yNGrY9xJ8Y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_B1ATUEVNPz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Tomb paintings depict gods — knowing the gods helps interpret the art" }, { "topicId": "mt_yNGrY9xJ8Y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IR8kIjZn_V", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using artefacts as evidence builds on knowing what archaeologists do" }, { "topicId": "mt_yNGrY9xJ8Y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_szw1Ln490b", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Using tomb paintings and artefacts as evidence requires 'artefact', 'tomb', 'archaeologist' vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_yNGrY9xJ8Y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ZhUuT__i2H", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Using tomb paintings, papyri, and artefacts as evidence draws on the non-fiction reading skills for understanding how documents and visual texts are organised" }, { "topicId": "mt_YNrrNE23dZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fpPLWFIRVo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sexual selection and game theory depends on animal intelligence and complex behaviour" }, { "topicId": "mt_YNrrNE23dZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mKNmXqz_Oo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sexual selection and evolutionary game theory depends on understanding co-evolutionary dynamics and the Red Queen hypothesis" }, { "topicId": "mt_yNWt3GQBNp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_A1Xfu5p5KT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know diverse life cycles before comparing reproductive strategies" }, { "topicId": "mt_yNWt3GQBNp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WNBHZ1d94L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know plant pollination and seed formation before learning about sexual vs asexual plant reproduction" }, { "topicId": "mt_YQ64pzcLDl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9yFAtUkoYr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Relative pronouns (who, which, that) overlap with pronoun knowledge; pronoun cohesion supports understanding pronoun reference in relative clauses" }, { "topicId": "mt_YQ64pzcLDl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Relative clauses extend subordination; learners must understand how subordinate clauses work before embedding relative clauses" }, { "topicId": "mt_yqAL6O5i_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Answering 'how many?' requires the cardinality principle" }, { "topicId": "mt_yqAL6O5i_v", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WcfaSfVT33", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Counting objects to answer 'how many?' requires one-to-one correspondence" }, { "topicId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1JFUNQDwAJ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing and grouping materials as solids, liquids, or gases requires the naming vocabulary for the three states" }, { "topicId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_htAYR-iCFF", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing and grouping solids, liquids, and gases by properties is greatly aided by the particle diagram representation" }, { "topicId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Pl-nsjYGZ3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must classify states of matter before understanding changes between states" }, { "topicId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SwaNNdm_Ks", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must group materials by properties before classifying into three states of matter" }, { "topicId": "mt_YQkUdIHO8L", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wf-SJhZ1kC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Changing shapes of solids provides context for understanding solid properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_yqZiX6vS7D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2OtRUM_0zW", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Scale factor problems are key Y6 modelling contexts" }, { "topicId": "mt_yqZiX6vS7D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8xVHooT4aI", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 modelling extends Y5 real-world problem modelling" }, { "topicId": "mt_yqZiX6vS7D", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nTL-owFJTF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Volume formula application is key Y6 modelling context" }, { "topicId": "mt_yR1moI5kX1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BI6oGIO-xM", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand what minibeasts are before learning to name specific ones" }, { "topicId": "mt__YRJ23GuIK", "prerequisiteId": "mt__h7hvT4tEb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comparing written numerals is the symbolic form of comparing quantities — conceptual comparison helps but isn't strictly required" }, { "topicId": "mt_Yrjn8jAt1c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Qxyikkkzam", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Debating requires skills in constructing arguments with evidence from argument writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_Yrjn8jAt1c", "prerequisiteId": "mt_z07UNAIsNc", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Formal debate requires confident public speaking skills first" }, { "topicId": "mt_yrMniCJu_S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sXRHr7tfS5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prepared discussion builds on gaining/maintaining listener interest and evaluating viewpoints" }, { "topicId": "mt_yrMniCJu_S", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wwdRhPyz6s", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Coming to discussions prepared extends active collaborative conversation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_yrSdVrXrsF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BnabTHkNIp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know common species before classifying them into Saurischia and Ornithischia" }, { "topicId": "mt_yrSdVrXrsF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DJh2JPwTf6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand basic diet classification before advancing to anatomical classification" }, { "topicId": "mt_ySnOkVIu22", "prerequisiteId": "mt_b6kZgqolEd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Explaining conduction and convection at the particle level requires knowing the particle model of matter" }, { "topicId": "mt_ySnOkVIu22", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jvg_r4yWaY", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Conduction, convection and radiation are three of the pathways for energy transfer by heating — the stores/transfers framework provides the structure" }, { "topicId": "mt_YSyjTZfjvv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BX4D8cCFtQ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know circulatory system before understanding how it transports nutrients" }, { "topicId": "mt_YSyjTZfjvv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K8DJzqbksM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Describing nutrient and water transport within animals requires organ system vocabulary" }, { "topicId": "mt_YSyjTZfjvv", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Ruk2-lyGPZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know digestive system before understanding nutrient absorption into blood" }, { "topicId": "mt_Ytd8XC3eQr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_9Y5-GjF2B0", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Body-emotion connection builds on understanding emotional triggers" }, { "topicId": "mt_yTWxkzzoOZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Solving word problems within 100 requires fluent computation within 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_yTWxkzzoOZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_VAWV_l7J0D", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word problems within 100 extend word problems within 20" }, { "topicId": "mt_YUJ5pwalqL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_qUGMyMYn9m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Estimating/comparing angles requires understanding the degree system" }, { "topicId": "mt_YvCgDM0Scg", "prerequisiteId": "mt_URTJbS3hhs", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Bioaccumulation occurs through food chains and webs — the feeding relationships must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_Yw1_4Nfsql", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mpS-JK_p_m", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Columnar add/sub with 4 digits is prerequisite to >4 digits" }, { "topicId": "mt_Yw27nweoTj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-3udyo6VyB", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reading approximate values from graphs requires graph-plotting experience" }, { "topicId": "mt_Yw27nweoTj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_GZuoYaDdWd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Estimating from quadratic graphs requires understanding how curves behave" }, { "topicId": "mt_yxL1v4LuqR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_oAg79ju344", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Ocean floor concept requires knowing the ocean is vast and deep" }, { "topicId": "mt_yxL1v4LuqR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sQpIV0-qY7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Ocean floor is the bottom of the deepest zone; zone knowledge enriches it" }, { "topicId": "mt_yXO7lQ9Yn7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_hBZwbst0ow", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 sequence generation extends KS2 linear number sequences" }, { "topicId": "mt_yXO7lQ9Yn7", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vHzVa3SURC", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Position-to-term rules require substituting the position number into a formula" }, { "topicId": "mt_YXVQaufkKO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_N8CpN1EJrP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand sentences before joining them" }, { "topicId": "mt_YynJoQcm_M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_muxjw0fxxN", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Savanna animals contrasts with farm/pet animals from earlier" }, { "topicId": "mt_YynJoQcm_M", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v3Vz_Pgjjv", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Savanna animals builds on knowing animals live in diverse environments" }, { "topicId": "mt_-YYnLLIZh5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AB-TEMXSGJ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sun-driven weather benefits from weather vs climate distinction" }, { "topicId": "mt_-YYnLLIZh5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sun as weather engine requires understanding the water cycle it drives" }, { "topicId": "mt_-YYnLLIZh5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iGSfQg3g5c", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sun drives weather builds on curriculum sunlight warms Earth's surface" }, { "topicId": "mt_-YYnLLIZh5", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-UAxilUtUt", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sun-driven weather systems extend the basic wind-cause concept to global scale" }, { "topicId": "mt_YzM5goBctT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cFltwUQi-d", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Tenths extend fraction understanding from halves, thirds, quarters" }, { "topicId": "mt_YzM5goBctT", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Skip counting supports counting in tenths" }, { "topicId": "mt_z07UNAIsNc", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S2fP8rUwrl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Confident spoken Standard English requires understanding spoken vs written language differences" }, { "topicId": "mt_Z3G_97fnha", "prerequisiteId": "mt_18qkgxr_-T", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand plural -s before distinguishing possessive 's" }, { "topicId": "mt_Z3G_97fnha", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IntmJBg4VQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding apostrophe in contractions helps understand its use in possession" }, { "topicId": "mt_Z3G_97fnha", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yBJyCfhtem", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding nouns supports identifying what can be possessive" }, { "topicId": "mt_Z5-fSCOBep", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nNYo5A-7Bl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must analyse simple design comparisons before formally defining design problems with criteria/constraints" }, { "topicId": "mt_z5iwdZyeDr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_KwdjWEmMNo", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Translating real-world situations into algebra requires notation fluency" }, { "topicId": "mt_z5iwdZyeDr", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QhFEDyIwSO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Modelling with algebra requires setting up and solving equations" }, { "topicId": "mt_z7AJZapsJj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_jwElFY7Syd", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rock cycle benefits from knowing Earth's internal heat drives melting" }, { "topicId": "mt_z7AJZapsJj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NYA50DFcOO", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The rock cycle connects the three rock types already learned" }, { "topicId": "mt_z7AJZapsJj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_vAP_A986IQ", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rock cycle concept benefits from prior understanding of weathering and erosion" }, { "topicId": "mt_z98J_Zg2L3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_33zncDHC3N", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Social reflection benefits from feedback experience" }, { "topicId": "mt_z98J_Zg2L3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_H8dEMH_wik", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Recognising patterns in how you interact with others is the Friendship domain-specific form of the foundational pattern-noticing habit" }, { "topicId": "mt_z98J_Zg2L3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rpug2tkYhb", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reflecting on your role and behaviour in relationships builds on the foundational habit of considering the impact of your behaviour on others" }, { "topicId": "mt_z98J_Zg2L3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_rqLMfiw61L", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reflecting on social patterns builds on assertive communication skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_z9jn9HogfE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_7OJjLOl0fz", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing a range of polar animals enriches the detailed comparison" }, { "topicId": "mt_z9jn9HogfE", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aO018DkCun", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Detailed comparison builds on basic Arctic vs Antarctic distinction" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZAJvTcroFO", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5r47Pvstyn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must distinguish objects from materials before naming specific materials" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZanQuV90qi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fL1Xz8ostr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Literary vocabulary including mythological allusions builds on recognising literary language and sensory words; the step up is from identifying figurative language to interpreting allusions" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZanQuV90qi", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SUOhjmRqv9", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding literary vocabulary requires the ability to distinguish literal from figurative meaning" }, { "topicId": "mt_zaXr5wcJD2", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mquPi2IP-J", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Temperature homeostasis links to enzyme activity in respiration and why stable temperature matters for cell function" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZBMcX2oRor", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4A7FYmvVhA", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Reciting/presenting builds on Y1 oral description/expression" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZBMcX2oRor", "prerequisiteId": "mt_S0hzjAeLSK", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Articulating opinions supports presentation skills" }, { "topicId": "mt_zBUcAPDRPM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_BhYJZUsErp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must spell root words before adding prefixes" }, { "topicId": "mt_zBUcAPDRPM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_EqXlZfB4jp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Spelling with prefixes requires knowing 'prefix' and 'root word' as distinct, named concepts" }, { "topicId": "mt_zCUIJLdK_s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_AHAFw-atka", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Informative writing extends KS2 use of layout devices (headings, columns, bullets)" }, { "topicId": "mt_zCUIJLdK_s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cB7hV8sw7X", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing well-structured informative/explanatory texts that examine a topic clearly requires the foundational ability to produce coherent, task/purpose-appropriate writing" }, { "topicId": "mt_zCUIJLdK_s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tn1rY9GbEZ", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing informative/explanatory texts with logical organisation and clear development of ideas across sections requires the ability to use cohesive devices and transitions to create coherence at whole-text level" }, { "topicId": "mt_zCUIJLdK_s", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v5DyOEpbbr", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing to explain requires understanding audience and purpose from KS2" }, { "topicId": "mt_zd0YkB3xNj", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-P1kdZhHbL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Measuring mass with units requires first being able to compare masses directly" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zdv-b-iW5K", "prerequisiteId": "mt_gtTl3R5buH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word problems require understanding what products mean" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zdv-b-iW5K", "prerequisiteId": "mt_iNdrM2-oJf", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Word problems require understanding what quotients mean" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZFwPZaDJ0_", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Wa44s-f8Ws", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must perform tests before learning to gather and record data" }, { "topicId": "mt_zfy1gOEewd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_nvdpxAJTBG", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Skip counting in tens supports recognising decade numbers" }, { "topicId": "mt_zfy1gOEewd", "prerequisiteId": "mt_r0VXbfAmsH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding decade numbers as 'some tens and 0 ones' requires the concept of a ten" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZhKuYCbXz1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_5l7iGkf1Tp", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know the sun is a star and planets orbit it before arguing about star brightness and distance" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZhKuYCbXz1", "prerequisiteId": "mt_ae-cHHFR76", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enrichment knowledge of star brightness vs distance supports formal argument about apparent brightness" }, { "topicId": "mt_zHnOGwHIEz", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SwaNNdm_Ks", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to group materials before conducting investigation to classify by properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_zh_RyesCgZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_mMMXD4v9Sh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Romulus & Remus needs geographic context of Italy/Rome" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZhUuT__i2H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aFvsj35QzC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Non-fiction structures build on Y1 informational text main topic" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZhUuT__i2H", "prerequisiteId": "mt_XeMZdf2Y9W", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding text features builds on Y1 book features" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZhvwM6LMBL", "prerequisiteId": "mt__KHQttMde3", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to decode before fluency" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZhvwM6LMBL", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YKkCM63fSC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Need sight word bank for fluency" }, { "topicId": "mt_zir5yyAzUB", "prerequisiteId": "mt_yR1moI5kX1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must recognise common minibeasts before exploring where each type lives" }, { "topicId": "mt_zIzJGkaj0Q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_h-z88yf9Pn", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Digital citizenship as a concept requires knowing the term and vocabulary of 'rights', 'responsibility', and 'ethical'" }, { "topicId": "mt_zIzJGkaj0Q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_I9iSzpGRn5", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Digital citizenship benefits from understanding bullying (cyberbullying)" }, { "topicId": "mt_zIzJGkaj0Q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_q3vRl4dddK", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Digital citizenship builds on basic safety awareness" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZJC7JnnPCu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_IwEOCN6bL1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y6 strategic tool use extends Y5 tool selection" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZJC7JnnPCu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_snlqRCiA1R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Coordinate grids are a new tool for verification" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZJC7JnnPCu", "prerequisiteId": "mt_WsM4EmdOLe", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Choosing long vs short division exemplifies Y6 strategic tool use" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZJu8s-Q1xa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_m6UaSmrQVG", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand erosion before comparing fast vs slow Earth events" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZJu8s-Q1xa", "prerequisiteId": "mt_R6YoRXkRxS", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Rock knowledge supports understanding geological events" }, { "topicId": "mt_zkFbMLpu3U", "prerequisiteId": "mt_NtJYlJdUe9", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Comparing capacity requires understanding capacity as a measurable attribute" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zks8xyInSG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_d8al9JcajP", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Y4 unit conversion is prerequisite to systematic metric conversions with tables" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zks8xyInSG", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LlMl2PbaZe", "strength": "soft", "reason": "×÷ by 10/100/1000 supports metric unit conversions" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZL9qVVnpwN", "prerequisiteId": "mt_4i-FKXDDXh", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand how light works before designing a communication device using it" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZLqYE7la4Z", "prerequisiteId": "mt_70qDTI14td", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must add/sub mixed numbers before solving word problems with them" }, { "topicId": "mt_zlSoIKPyId", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sSQlLOnAow", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Character/narrator analysis builds on Y1 story elements" }, { "topicId": "mt_zlSoIKPyId", "prerequisiteId": "mt_V-ldQp56bF", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Expressive reading supports deeper character analysis" }, { "topicId": "mt_zM5vu31jgl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6Wx--Du8j3", "strength": "soft", "reason": "KS3 photosynthesis provides the contrast needed to understand chemosynthesis as an alternative energy pathway" }, { "topicId": "mt_zM5vu31jgl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fhqBH9scsU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Photosynthesis requires knowing about chloroplasts, which are unique to plant cells" }, { "topicId": "mt_zM5vu31jgl", "prerequisiteId": "mt_lutxvMlkwS", "strength": "hard", "reason": "KS3 photosynthesis equation and process extends KS2 understanding that plants need light and water to grow" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZM7u9m-gS4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_2OSTHTWDpa", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand deforestation before discussing the complex future trade-offs" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZM7u9m-gS4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_HJd-8EEC6N", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Climate connection is one of the competing priorities in the future debate" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZM7u9m-gS4", "prerequisiteId": "mt_kON8bYEHYl", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must know conservation approaches before discussing balancing competing needs" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZM9mhHsyYZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Vi4Vo5xs_g", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Decimal notation for fractions is prerequisite to understanding % as parts per 100" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZM9mhHsyYZ", "prerequisiteId": "mt_W17Kbwm0-u", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding the % symbol and 'per cent means parts per hundred' is the LANGUAGE node content" }, { "topicId": "mt_zMEvtigoM3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_20WfHhnL39", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Age 6-7 strategic tool selection builds on age 5-6 familiarity with basic tools" }, { "topicId": "mt_zMEvtigoM3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cqSf213hSa", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Measuring length with units requires selecting appropriate measurement tools" }, { "topicId": "mt_zMEvtigoM3", "prerequisiteId": "mt_glPPG-kTQY", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Adding within 100 requires choosing number line vs hundred square strategically" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZO2iP89cld", "prerequisiteId": "mt_wq-1OJ_8s5", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Sentence crafting builds on clause knowledge" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZO2iP89cld", "prerequisiteId": "mt_YQ64pzcLDl", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Sentence crafting uses relative clauses" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZOJ6EbdPOb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_3y7xKP9MjU", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Fraction-of-quantity skills support scaling by simple fractions" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZOJ6EbdPOb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_6-j1NO2ZUH", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Multiplicative comparison supports scaling problems" }, { "topicId": "mt_zOWwLxa77y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_8RmpkDxT9L", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Reading × and ÷ symbols parallels reading + and − symbols" }, { "topicId": "mt_zOWwLxa77y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LpSuPgL31x", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing ÷ sentences requires understanding division" }, { "topicId": "mt_zOWwLxa77y", "prerequisiteId": "mt_PZ909yPrEC", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Writing × sentences requires understanding multiplication" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZpCcTU8j_o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_1z-gJBJFlM", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Responsible design thinking extends to environmental considerations" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZpCcTU8j_o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_DbI1kNg_0R", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Cross-domain: climate change awareness (Weather & Climate) enriches understanding of AI's environmental costs and benefits" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZpCcTU8j_o", "prerequisiteId": "mt_K6qtan847r", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand training requires computation before grasping its environmental cost" }, { "topicId": "mt_zPDDJLAl-J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_C7FNeIDGc6", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding alveoli and gas exchange requires knowing the cells-to-systems hierarchy" }, { "topicId": "mt_zPDDJLAl-J", "prerequisiteId": "mt_tiPyEkm4cU", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Detailed respiratory system builds on knowing we breathe air into lungs for oxygen" }, { "topicId": "mt_zrCyqhngYm", "prerequisiteId": "mt__ab4knIaSL", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding needs vs wants helps motivate saving decisions" }, { "topicId": "mt_zrCyqhngYm", "prerequisiteId": "mt_SsS7GptD_o", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand what money is before learning to save it" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZRoQVXf_aD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dSeFrAWE4v", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Monitoring relates to active vs dormant classification" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZRoQVXf_aD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_-JnOhdei6F", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Monitoring benefits from plate tectonics context" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZRoQVXf_aD", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QtIAWOcoQT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Monitoring volcanoes requires understanding internal structure and eruption process" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZrsqGVG-Wt", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Jf8xcX4UTq", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Compass constructions require confident drawing and measuring skills first" }, { "topicId": "mt_zsYW61cn_q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_Sc_SorJhXW", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The reactivity series orders metals by their chemical reactivity — metal properties must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_zsYW61cn_q", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v0K6GRi4ZL", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Displacement reactions are a key application of the reactivity series — reaction types must be understood first" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zt30Gxi-qp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_t0g2SlP404", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Calculating probability using favourable/total outcomes requires understanding probability as a number on a 0-1 scale" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zt30Gxi-qp", "prerequisiteId": "mt_xSgAgg9Ej_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The probability formula only applies to situations with equally likely outcomes — this concept must be secure first" }, { "topicId": "mt_zuKAX6lcYR", "prerequisiteId": "mt_dmNvjroCPT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding subtraction as taking away requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)" }, { "topicId": "mt_zuOGOGFAKb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_bfhng6mOuy", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing shapes by attributes extends understanding defining vs non-defining attributes" }, { "topicId": "mt_zuOGOGFAKb", "prerequisiteId": "mt_sBcRdUfAzV", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Identifying pentagons, hexagons, quadrilaterals extends knowing 2-D shape properties" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZWTk6eP1qF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_fhqVdj4BYr", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Understanding the general water cycle helps understand the rainforest-specific water cycle (Weather 7-9 -> Rainforests 7-9)" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZWTk6eP1qF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_v6CBCMuvz1", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Understanding tropical climate (heat + rain) is prerequisite to understanding the water cycle within the forest" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZWTk6eP1qF", "prerequisiteId": "mt_x5ZrQMAZ5v", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knowing about rainforest plants helps understand transpiration from leaves" }, { "topicId": "mt_Z_Wu_77ybI", "prerequisiteId": "mt_b6kZgqolEd", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Atoms and molecules are the particles referred to in the particle model — builds directly on it" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zx1xZM-RbX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_e8CZ7E5qW7", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Looking for pairs that make 10 benefits from knowing number bonds to 10" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zx1xZM-RbX", "prerequisiteId": "mt_T76hKqXf0z", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Adding three numbers uses the associative property to group pairs" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZxdfRbwkKM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_FW9_8F52bw", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Research and note-taking skills support the ability to gather and organise evidence from informational sources" }, { "topicId": "mt_ZxdfRbwkKM", "prerequisiteId": "mt_QCWWmDMYZR", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Drawing evidence from informational texts requires the ability to identify main ideas across paragraphs" }, { "topicId": "mt_zxST3MarI9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_aPBzD28_mT", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Explanations require place-value language and understanding" }, { "topicId": "mt_zxST3MarI9", "prerequisiteId": "mt_cChv2j_-Da", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must be able to use strategies before explaining why they work" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zy-CKUkq34", "prerequisiteId": "mt_LuwHnQItF_", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Must understand the medieval Church's power before grasping why Crusades were launched" }, { "topicId": "mt_Zy-CKUkq34", "prerequisiteId": "mt_M_xcaRcvSo", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Knight knowledge provides military context for the Crusades" } ] }